【聚焦中考】(浙江地区专版)英语总复习 第29讲 介词和数词名师课件(考点精讲+考点跟踪突破+13年中考真题) 外研版.ppt
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【聚焦中考】(浙江地区专版)英语总复习 第29讲 介词和数词名师课件(考点精讲+考点跟踪突破+13年中考真题) 外研版.ppt
聚焦中考英语(外研版)第第29讲讲介词和数词介词和数词【真题体验】1I think I should be allowed to make decisions _ myself.(2013,杭州)Awith Bto Cfor Dagainst2Ann often helps me _ math after school.(2013,温州)Afor Bwith Con Dby3Whos that man _ sunglasses?Hes Jack Ding.Ive just got an autograph from him.(2013,湖州)Aon Bfor Cof Dwith4Linda has bought a large house _ a swimming pool.(2013,绵阳)Awith Bin Con Dfrom5Ill probably stay with my friends _ I get my own place to live in.(2013,义乌)Abefore Bwhen Cafter Dbecause 介词介词 C B D A A 【考点梳理】中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。学习重点应放在以下三点:1表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法;2介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;3同义或近义介词辨析。介词介词 高频考向一表时间的介词1at,in,on表示时间点用at,如:at six oclock,at noon,at midnight。表示在某个世纪、某年、某月、某个季节以及早晨、上午、下午、晚上时用in,如:in May,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午、下午、晚上时用on,如:on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning等。2since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。如:They have lived here since 1978.自从1978年,他们就住在这儿。After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。介词介词 3in,afterin与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如:He will be back in two months.他将在2个月后回来。He returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。介词介词 4for,sincefor可以指过去、现在或将来,着重说明“多久”,后面接时间段。since意为“自从起”,多与完成时连用,后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作,since引导从句时,主句的动作是持续性的。如:He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。Its five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。介词介词 【例1】The story he told us happened _ the night of May 5.(2013,泸州)Ain Bat Cby Don点拨:在具体的某一天的晚上应用介词on。答案:_【例2】How long have you lived in the new flat?_ 2010.(2013,扬州)AIn BAfter CSince DBefore点拨:表示“自从起”应用介词since,后常接时间点或从句。答案:_【例3】Li Yuchun is my favourite singer.I once met her _ 2012 in Hunan.(2013,徐州)Ato Bon Cat Din点拨:年份前面应用介词in。答案:_介词介词 D C D 高频考向二表示地点和位置的介词1at,in,onat一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前,他们到达了一个小村子。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。介词介词 2over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。介词介词 3in,on,to从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内,在中”;on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,即“毗邻;接壤”;to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如:Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部(范围内),中国东面(不接壤),东临太平洋(接壤)。介词介词 4in front of,in the front ofin front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of表示“在的前部”,在某个范围以内。如:There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。介词介词 5across,throughacross表示从物体表面通过,与on有关。through表示通过一个空间,与in有关。如:The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。6below,underbelow“在下”,不一定在正下方。under“在正下方”。如:There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。介词介词 7between,amongbetween指两者之间。among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如:There is a map between the door and the window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。介词介词 【例4】Its reported that President Xi Jinping arrived _ Moscow _ March 22nd to pay a threeday visit to Russia.(2013,滨州)Aat;on Bin;on Cat;in Din;in点拨:句意:arrive at后接小地点,arrive in后接大地点;具体的某一天用介词on。答案:_【例5】Mrs.King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.(2013,安徽)Aover Bwith Cbehind Dbeside点拨:由语境可知句意为“金太太把一件大衣盖在那个睡觉的小女孩身上来为她保暖”。答案:_ 介词介词 B A 【例6】Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花节)?Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying _ them.(2013,东营)Ain Bamong Cbetween Dthrough点拨:由语境可知句意为“是的,那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去”。答案:_介词介词 B 高频考向三表示方式的介词by,with,in,onby表示“以方式、方法或手段”;with表示“用工具”;in表示“用方式、语言、语调或颜色”等;on则一般指用网络、电脑、电视、电话等。如:He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。How amazing!The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇,这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。Can you spell it in English?你会用英语把它拼出来吗?介词介词 【例7】You can improve your English _ reading more.(2013,鞍山)Ain Bwith Cby Dof点拨:题意为“你可以通过多读来提高你的英语”,只有by可以表达“通过方式”。答案:_【例8】When I got into the room,Sue was talking _ the phone.Awith Bon Cto Din点拨:用电话在交谈,介词应用on。答案:_ 介词介词 C B 高频考向四介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。1动词介词arrive in/at到达ask for请求do well in在方面做得好give up放弃preferto 宁愿选择,更喜欢regardas 把看做thanks to幸亏,由于think about考虑try on试穿(衣服,鞋等)laugh at嘲笑learn from向学习 介词介词 2介词名词in time 及时on time 准时in front of 在前面at home 在家in English 用英语at night 在晚上with a smile 带着微笑at first 首先at last 最后on ones way to 在某人去的路上at the same time 同时by hand 用手,手工,亲手 介词介词 3介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配be born in 出生于be good at 擅长be made of 由制成be angry with sb.跟某人生气be angry at sth.为某事生气be surprised at对感到惊奇(诧异)be used to doing 习惯于干be tired of 讨厌;厌倦be interested in对感兴趣be proud of 以自豪(骄傲)be full of 充满take care of照顾,关心,保管be busy with忙于be strict with sb.对某人严格要求catch up with跟上,赶上have nothing to do with与无关介词介词 【例9】The teachers hope all of us can hand _ our homework _ time every day.(2013,黄石)Aup;in Bout;on Con;in Din;on点拨:考查固定短语hand in意为“上交”;in time“及时”,on time“准时”。答案:_【例10】The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad _ our health.(2013,上海)Afrom Bwith Cof Dfor点拨:be bad for为固定搭配,意为“对有坏处”。答案:_ 介词介词 D D 【真题体验】1Susan lives on the _ floor and we are neighbors.(2013,淮安)Afour Bfourth Cfourteen Dforty2The earthquake in Yaan left _ people homeless.(2013,济宁)Atwo thousands Bthousands ofCtwo thousands of Dtwo thousand of3Therere many students in our school._ of them _ girls.(2013,齐齐哈尔)AOne third;is BOne third;areCTwo thirds;is DTwo third;are数数词词B B B 【考点梳理】中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点:1基数词和序数词的用法;2日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法;3分数的表达;4hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法。数数词词高频考向一基数词1基数词的构成112独立成词。one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。1319的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼写。表示整“十”的基数词:2090的基数词都以ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety的正确写法。2199的写法是:十位数加个位数,中间用连字符号“”连接。如:26 twentysix;57 fiftyseven101999的构成是:百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如:123 one hundred and twentythreehundred,thousand,million,billion等词在表示确定数目的时候,直接在前面加基数词;表示不确定数目时,要在它们后面加s,其后还要加of。如:three hundred students三百名学生thousands of students成千上万的学生 数数词词2基数词的用法表示数量的多少。表示年份。1988读作nineteen eightyeight表示时刻。7:00读作seven oclock8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty3:05读作five past three/three five5:48读作twelve to six/five fortyeight表示顺序。单数名词基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如:Class Two,Room 12,NO.3 Middle School数数词词“数词单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如:a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词单位名词形容词”,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如:ten years old,3600 meters long“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如:In his sixties,he rode a bike round the world.The light was invented in the 1870s.与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加定数量。如:another three hours,two more cakes数数词词【例1】Excuse me,sir.Heres a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?_.A308 Room BRoom 308CThe Room 308 DThe 308 Room点拨:“几号房间”应用“Room房间号”表示。答案:_【例2】Lindas mother looks young,but actually she is in her _.(2013,恩施)Asixties BsixtiethCsixty years old Dsixty点拨:表示某人约几十岁的时候,应用基数词的复数形式。答案:_ 数数词词B A 高频考向二序数词1序数词的构成序 数 词 多 数 是 由“基 数 词 th”构 成。如:sixsixth,sevenseventh等。以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fiftyfiftieth,seventyseventieth等。21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如:twentyonetwentyfirst,two hundred and ninetyeighttwo hundred and ninetyeighth等。数数词词少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如:onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,twelvetwelfth注意:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)数数词词2序数词的用法表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,其前须用定冠词the,后接单数名词。如:Im the first one to arrive here.注:如序数词前出现人称代词,则不加the。如:Today is my thirtieth birthday.用于最高级前。如:John is the second tallest boy in our class.分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子为1,分母用单数,分子大于1,分母用复数。如:one fifth,three fifths。数数词词些习惯用法:1/4也可表示为a quarter,3/4也可表示为three quarters,1/2也可表示为a half。带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如:Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。表示数量上再增加“一”,用:a(an)序数词单数名词。如:She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。数数词词【例3】What should we do now,Mr.Clark?Please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture.(2013,黄冈)ATwelve;fifth BTwelfth;fifthCTwelve;five DTwelfth;five点拨:Page基数词,且基数词首字母要大写;the序数词picture。答案:_【例4】It is the boys _ birthday today.He is five years old now.(2013,成都)Afifteen Bfifth Cthe fifth Dfive点拨:表达某人的第几个生日应用序数词,且前面不能用定冠词。答案:_数数词词A B 高频考向三数词中的难点1hundred,thousand,million,billion的运用。在构成具体的数字时,用单数形式。如:two hundred students,表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如:thousands of students(成千上万的学生)2与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如:another three hours或three more hours。3“一两天”可表达为:a day or two或one or two days有关“半”的表达:three years and a half或three and a half years三年半;half an hour半小时;one hour and a half/one and a half hours一个半小时。数数词词【例5】The government of Linyi is building _ cheap and good houses for the people.(2013,临沂)Athousand BthousandsCthousand of Dthousands of点拨:thousands of为固定搭配,意为“成千上万的”。答案:_数数词词D 完成考点跟踪突破完成考点跟踪突破2929聚焦中考英语(外研版)1、了解面对逆境,远比如何接受顺境重要得多2023/3/272023/3/271:46:50 PM。2023/3/272023/3/27Monday,March 27,20232、一般的伟人总是让身边的人感到渺小Monday,March 27,20231:46:50 PM3/27/2023 1:46:50 PM13:46Mar-23。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/2023 1:46:50 PM3、2023/3/27Mar-2327-Mar-234、昨天是张退票的支票27-Mar-231:46:50 PM13:462023/3/272023/3/272023/3/27Monday,March 27,20235、积极人格的完善是本,财富的确立是末27-3月-23。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/20236、昨晚多几分钟的准备3/27/2023 1:46:50 PM27 三月 20232023/3/272023/3/272023/3/277、每一发奋努力的背,必有加倍的赏赐2023/3/27三月 232023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/3/272023/3/2727 March 20239、要及时把握梦想,因为梦想一死3/27/2023 1:46:50 PM。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/272023/3/2710、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。3/27/2023 1:46:50 PM2023/3/2727-3月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。3/27/2023 1:46 PM3/27/2023 1:46 PM2023/3/272023/3/27谢谢大家谢谢大家1、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始,才能找到成功的路2023/3/2713:462、成功源于不懈的努力,人生最大的敌人是自己怯懦。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/2023 1:46:51 PM3、每天只看目标,别老想障碍Monday,March 27,2023。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/27Monday,July 19,202127-Mar-234、宁愿辛苦一阵子,不要辛苦一辈子2023/3/27。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/27Monday,March 27,20235、积极向上的心态,是成功者的最基本要素2023/3/27。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/20236、生活总会给你另一个机会,2023/3/271:46:51 PM2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/277、人生就像骑单车,想保持平衡就得往前走21:19:482023/3/272023/3/273/27/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/3/272023/3/2727 March 20239、我们必须在失败中寻找胜利Monday,March 27,20232023/3/2710、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。3/27/2023 1:46:51 PM2023/3/2727-3月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。3/27/2023 1:46 PM3/27/2023 1:46 PM2023/3/272023/3/27谢谢大家谢谢大家