珍藏 动词时态和语态含高考真题.pptx

时态时间状语一般现在时every,sometimes,at,on Sunday等等一般过去时yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now等等一般将来时next,tomorrow,in+一段时间一段时间,before+时间点等时间点等现在完成时for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently等等过去完成时before,by+过去的时间过去的时间,until,when,after,once等等过去进行时this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten yesterday evening when,while等等将来进行时soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday,this time tomorrow,in two days,tomorrow evening第1页/共47页一.一般现在时态：1.一般用法:1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every,sometimes,at,onSunday。e.g.Heoftengoestothecinema.2表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.Hesingswell.（能力）3表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.Knowledgeispower.（客观真理）第2页/共47页2.特别用法:1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.IllwritetoherwhenIhavetime2让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Whether you help him or not,he will fail.Next time Ill do as he says.3表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.The train leaves at 12:00.第3页/共47页二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtogotoworkbybus.第4页/共47页2.特别用法:过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等:Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词could,would。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？第5页/共47页三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）:1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.-Youforgettoclosethedoor.-Oh,Illcloseitatonce.will表意愿 Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.第6页/共47页2.begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。e.g.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.计划，安排要发生的事。e.g.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。e.g.Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。第7页/共47页3.be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注定的事;命令。e.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。e.g.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5.bedueto与时间表,旅行计划等有关。e.g.Thetrainisduetoleaveat7:00.第8页/共47页四.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.Hehasleftthecity.（结果:他不在这个城市）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（结果:窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.第9页/共47页2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.Ihaventseenhersincelastweek.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2句中有sofar/in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months）/uptonow/untilnowe.g.Sofartherehasbeennonews.3“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatistheonlythat从句”或“It/This/Thatisthe最高级that从句”e.g.第10页/共47页It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）第11页/共47页3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等第12页/共47页e.g.Ivelivedherefortenyears.（现在仍住在这儿）Ilivedherefortenyears.（现在不住在这儿）Hehasboughtahouse.（现在已拥有这房子）Heboughtahouse.（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）第13页/共47页五.现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.A.have been goingB.have goneC.was going toD.will have gone第14页/共47页六.过去完成时（had p.p.）1.表示过去的过去时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once e.g.Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.（Imeanttohavecome,butsomethinghappened.）Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidntpermit.（Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting,buttimedidntpermit.）第15页/共47页3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonlythat从句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe最高级that从句”2by（theendof)/bythetime过去时间,e.g.Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.3nosoonerthan;hardly/scarcelywhenNosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.第16页/共47页七.将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.Whenwegetthere,shellhavegonetowork.2.by（theendof）将来时间,e.g.Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.IllgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。第17页/共47页八.现在进行时（bev-ing）:1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g.Werehavingameeting.（说话时正在进行的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Heisteachinginaschool.（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3.现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.Imleavingtomorrow.第18页/共47页4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shesalwayshelpingothers.5.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.Sheisfoolish.（生性如此）Sheisbeingfoolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite等动态形容词。第19页/共47页不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态,情感的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,等。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。第20页/共47页九.过去进行时（was/were v-ing）1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticingC.I havent noticeD.I dont notice第21页/共47页十.将来进行时（will/shallbe v-ing）1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.have been goinghave gonewas going towill have gone第22页/共47页语态被动语态的构成方式：be/get+过去分词注意1.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)2.短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.3.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。如：Heissaidtobeasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.第23页/共47页不用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。例如：（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Thepricehasraised.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2.系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。第24页/共47页主动形式表示被动意义1.表示主语特征、状态的动词wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。2.betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如：Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故发生了，我该受指责。3.在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后例如：Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了。第25页/共47页4.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisntfittodrink.Thegirlisnteasytogetalongwith.5.用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.第26页/共47页1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.-Imsorry,butyouarefined$50!Youknowyou_120kmanhour,dontyou?A.aredrivingB.weredrivingC.havedrivenD.haddrivenDB第27页/共47页3.They_ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe_onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking,arestillworkingB.hadworked,werestillworkingC.havebeenworking,haveworkedD.haveworked,arestillworkingA第28页/共47页4.-Youaredrinkingtoomuch.-Onlyathome.Noone_mebutyou.A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw5.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower_increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.WhoisJerryCooper?-_?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.DontyoumeethimyetB.HadntyoumethimyetC.DidntyoumeethimyetD.HaventyoumethimyetcCD第29页/共47页7.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left8.Thecrazyfans_patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait9.-IhearJaneshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.-Oh,hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe_?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leftCBD第30页/共47页10.Idontknowifhe_.Ifhe_,Illletyouknow.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome11.-Katehascomebackhomefromherlongholidaysabroad.-Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;I,mgoingtoD.didntknow;ImgoingtoCA第31页/共47页12.Ireallydontthinkkettywillmindit,butyoudbettergoandseeherincaseshe_.A.doesB.doC.willmindD.hasminded13.-Howaretheteamplaying?-Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem_hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were14.Dontdisturbher.She_lettersallthemorningandhasfinishedeight.A.waswritingB.haswrittenC.hasbeenwritingD.wroteAAC第32页/共47页15.Inmyopinion,allMr.White_goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent.Heisverystrictintheirstudy.A.doesdoesdoesB.doesdodoC.doesdoesdoD.diddodoes16.Theyintendtogoonwiththeexperimentuntil10oclocktomorrowmorning,andbythenthey_for22hours.A.areworkingB.havebeenworkingC.willbeworkingD.willhavebeenworking17.Becareful!Dontgettheorangejuiceonyourshirt,forit_.A.isntwashingoutB.wontbewashedoutC.IsntwashedoutD.wontwashoutCDD第33页/共47页18.Thewater_coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels19.Oh,whereismywallet?MaybeIleftitinthecar.-You_thingsbehind!A.arealwaysleavingB.wereleavingC.haveleftD.alwaysleave20.Mybrother_homefortwoyearsandwehaventheardfromhimeversincehe_.A.hasleft;leftB.hasbeenaway;wasawayC.hasbeenawayfrom;leftD.left;wasawayCAC第34页/共47页22MyformerEnglishteacher,who_inourschoolforover20years,nowlivesinhishometown.A.hasworkedB.workedC.hadworkedD.works23.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread24.-Youlooktired.-Yes.I_non-stopuntil8oclock.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.haveworkedD.wasworkingBBD第35页/共47页25.YoudbetternotcallMr.Greenbetween7and8thisevening,forhe_animportanttalkthen.A.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.willbehavingD.willhavehadC第36页/共47页08高考：动词时态、语态01、(08全国卷I 27)Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined02、(08全国卷I 29)The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected03、(08全国卷II 11)If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is rainingDAA第37页/共47页04、(08全国卷II 14)If their marketing plans succeed,they _ their sales by 20 percent.A.will increase B.have been increasing C.have increased D.would be increasing05、(08北京卷 21)John promised his doctor he _ not smoke,and he has not smoked ever since.A.might B.should C.could D.would.06、(08北京卷 22)Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?Who _ it?A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had written07、(08北京卷 27)The hotel wasnt particularly good.But I _ in many worse hotels.A.was staying B.stayed C.would stay D.had stayedADCD第38页/共47页08、(08北京卷 29)No decision _about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made09、(08上海春卷 29)Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future A.live B.would live C.will live D.have lived10、(08上海春卷 31)Officials say that few patients _with the virus owing to the effective prevention A.infected B.are infected C.have infected D.be infectedACB第39页/共47页11、(08上海卷28)-Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?-Terry?Never!She_ tents and fresh air!A.has hated B.hated C.will hate D.hates 12、(08上海卷32)In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A.have run B.have been run C.had been run D.will run13、(08天津卷 14)He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.A.was playing B.played C.has played D.had playedDBB第40页/共47页14、(08重庆卷 23)Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.A.meets B.met C.has met D.would meet15、(08重庆卷 31)He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.A.regarded B.was regarded C.has regarded D.had been regarded16、(08重庆卷 35)Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damageBBB第41页/共47页17、(08辽宁卷 23)We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A.knew B.have known C.had knownD.know18、(08辽宁卷 29)Have you got any job offers?No.I _.A.waited B.had been waitingC.have waited D.am waiting19、(08山东卷 25)By the time he realizes he _ into a trap,itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A.walks B.walked C.has walkedD.had walkedCDC第42页/共47页20、(08江苏卷 33)Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He _ for it for months.A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing21、(08江西卷32)Do you think we should accept that offer?-Yes,we should,for we _such bad luck up till now,and time _ out.A.have had;is running B.had;is running C.have;has been run D.have had;has been runDA第43页/共47页22、(08安徽卷22)-Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-Yes,I did.You know,my brother _ in the match.A.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played23、(08安徽卷33)I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio.A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taught24、(08浙江卷05)I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I _it to you this morning!A.would lend B.was lending C.had lent D.lentBDD第44页/共47页25、(08浙江卷07)Whats that noise?Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine _.A.was tested B.will be tested C.is being tested D.has been tested26、(08湖南卷32)I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening,but I couldnt get through.Her brother _ on the phone all the time!A.was talking B.has been talking C.has talked D.talked27、(08湖南卷35)Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well,Im thinking about the salary.A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offeredCAC第45页/共47页28、(08陕西卷06)The moment I got home,I found I my jacket on the playground.A.had left B.left C.have left D.was leaving29、(08陕西卷17)Though we dont know what discussed,yet we can feel the topic .A.had changed B.will change C.was changed D.has been changed30、(08四川卷07)The telephone _,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.A.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung31、(08福建卷25)So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seenADBD第46页/共47页感谢您的观看！第47页/共47页