英语人教八年级下册.pptx
Read the following sentences we have seen.Have you read Little Women yet?Yes,I have./No,I havent.Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?Yes,she has.She thinks its fantastic.Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes,I have.Ive already finished reading it.It was really good.第1页/共41页现在完成时:现在完成时:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句:have/has?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Yes,shehas.No,shehasnt.第2页/共41页1.现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词助动词否定haventhasnt疑问Haveyou?Hashe?常与下列时间状语连用:just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes第3页/共41页现在完成时现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。2.过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。动词构成:have/has+v过去分词havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿)Imnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast第4页/共41页2.现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1)IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.我从去年开始学习英语。2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.她住在北京已经五年了。注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury和marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的,不能延续的,故不能与for,since等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过,这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用,即动作的不发生是可以持续的。第5页/共41页不能说:*HehascometoBeijingfortwoyears.*Hehasboughtthatbookforthreeweeks.*HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears.*Hisgrandmahasdiedforninemonths.*Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.可以说:HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks.Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears.Hisgrandmahasbeendeadforninemonths.Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.第6页/共41页或者说:ItistwoyearssincehecametoBeijing.Itisthreeweekssinceheboughtthatbook.ItisoneandahalfyearssincehejoinedtheArmy.Itisninemonthssincehisgrandmadied.第7页/共41页3.现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来,一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下:Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)我上周打扫了我的房间。FatherhasgonetoAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸已经去厦门了。Theyhaveboughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)他们买了一本字典。第8页/共41页注意:现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)连用,但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)连用;也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如:today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)连用。第9页/共41页 (1).for+表示一段时间的短语(2).since+表示过去时间点的词语(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.Ihavebeenateacher_ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_wecametothisschool.forsincesince现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体 的过去时间。第10页/共41页everjustalreadyyete.g.Haveyou_beentoJapan?Ihave_finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework_.Ihaventfinishedmyhomework_.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.第11页/共41页already“已经”;yet“仍然,还”这两个副词常常用于完成时态,其中already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Motherhasntcomehomeyet.妈妈还没回来。HaventyoureadThe Call of the Wildyet?你还没读过野性的呼唤吗?第12页/共41页Shehasalreadyfinishedherwork.她已经把工作做完了。Ihaventreadthestoryyet.我还没读过这个故事。Haveyoumethimbefore?你从前曾见过他吗?Lilyhasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.Lily一直是个好学生。比较:Ihaveseenhimthismorning.我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午)Isawhimthismorning.今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上)Ithasbeencoldthiswinter.今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)第13页/共41页4.现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念,有时两者可以互相代用,但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时;如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。第14页/共41页 现在完成时:现在完成时:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态,强调的是现在的情况,现在的动作或保存的状态,强调的是现在的情况,不不能和表示过去的时间状语连用(如:能和表示过去的时间状语连用(如:in 1990in 1990,last last Sunday Sunday 等)。等)。一般过去时:一般过去时:一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系(即动作或状态在现在已经结束),和现在不发生关系(即动作或状态在现在已经结束),它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:与一般过去时的区别:have/has+V过去分词过去分词第15页/共41页Ihavewaitedforhimformanytimes.我等他等了好几次了。Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforanhour.我等他等了一小时。Hehasdrunksixcupsofcoffee.他喝了六杯咖啡。Hehasbeendrinkingcoffee.他一直在喝咖啡。第16页/共41页改写句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather_just_thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He_Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.Itstwoyears_he_themotorbike.He_themotorbiketwoyears_.Twoyears_sincehe_themotorbike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought第17页/共41页用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。e.g.Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit.(现在我不饿了。)2.表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在,而且可能还要继续下去。第18页/共41页e.g.Ihaventseenherthesedays.IveknownBobforthreeyears.Ivebeenatthisschoolforovertwoyears.时间状语already,yet,just,ever,never,before第19页/共41页构成现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成的,规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。第20页/共41页动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。(注:例子中单词的变化顺序为:动词原形动词的过去式动词的过去分词)第21页/共41页一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化:1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如:pickpickedpicked;wishwishedwished;staystayedstayed2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如:likelikedliked;hopehopedhoped;phonephonedphoned第22页/共41页3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:studystudiedstudied;hurryhurriedhurried;replyrepliedreplied4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stopstoppedstopped;clapclappedclapped第23页/共41页不规则变化:5.以不变应万变。如:letletlet;putputput;readreadread6.若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。如:feelfeltfelt;keepkeptkept;sleepsleptslept第24页/共41页7.结尾的字母d变t。如:lendlentlent;buildbuiltbuilt;sendsentsent8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如:buyboughtbought;bringbroughtbrought;catchcaughtcaught;teachtaughttaught第25页/共41页句式1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词(+其他)2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词(+其他)3.一般疑问句:have/has+主语+过去分词(+其他)第26页/共41页4.特殊疑问句:1)特殊疑问词(不是句子主语)+have/has+主语+过去分词(+其他)2)特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have/has+过去分词(+其他)第27页/共41页already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词,但它们的用法不同。already一般用于肯定句中。如:Wehavealreadycleanedupourclassroom.注意:already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkalready?Icantbelieveit.第28页/共41页yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。如:Haveyouseenheryet?Thebushasntcomeyet.第29页/共41页1.Writetheformsofthepasttenseandpastparticiple:drink_see_find_leave_tell_drankdrunksawseenfoundfoundleftlefttoldtold第30页/共41页WhyisMr.Yangstillintheteachersoffice?Maybehe_hisworkyet.A.doesntfinishB.hasntfinishedC.haventfinishedB第31页/共41页 4a Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks._.(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey._?(find)B:No,notyet.IhavejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufoundit第32页/共41页3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:_.(already/leave)A:When_?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No._.(already/seethefilm)HehasalreadyleftdidheleaveShehasalreadyseenthefilm第33页/共41页5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I_.(not/tellthem/yet)haventtoldthemyet第34页/共41页4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.Sally_(love)reading.Inthemorningshereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She_already_(read)morethan100differentbooks.Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimaginewhattheworld_(be)likein50years.loveshasreadwillbe第35页/共41页She_(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand_(write)abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe_(notread)yetandshecantwaittoreadthem.finishedwillwritehasntread第36页/共41页4c Complete the chart with information about you and your friend.A:Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread?B:IhavealreadyreadTomSawyerandHarryPotter.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthem?B:Well,IthinkHarryPotterwasexciting,butTomSawyerwasabitboring.第37页/共41页YouYour friend CommentsBooks I have already readMovies I have already seenSongs I have already heard第38页/共41页()【2013广西贵港】DoyouknowthemovieLost in Thailand?Yes.I_ittwice.Itsfunny.A.sawB.seeC.haveseenD.willseeC第39页/共41页Retellwhatyoudidyesterdayandwhatyouhavedonenow.第40页/共41页感谢您的观看!第41页/共41页