英语语法讲解.pptx

不定式动名词分词的用法区别1.不定式：主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，补语1)主语 To know everything is to know nothing.To study and to work hard is our duty.It is our duty to study and to work hard It is hard for him to support such a large family.It is kind of you to give me great help these days.（kind 既指行为又指行为者）第1页/共18页2）表语主语名词是 aim,business,duty,dream,idea,intention,job,policy,task,wish,work 等。Our main task now is to develop students ability to carry on independent work.To see is to believe.What I really wanted to do is to sit here and to think by myself.All they could do then was(to)cry.Note:What hes doing is spoiling the whole thing.第2页/共18页3)宾语admit doing delay doing resist doing suggest doing finish doingE.g.Nobody in the room admitted taking the coin.As it has been raining,we have to delay having a picnic with Class 1.用it 代替不定式：think,consider,feel,find,believe,make 之后He might think it polite to return the visit.We dont consider it possible to set back the clock of history.第3页/共18页作but,except,besides,than 的宾语I had nothing to do besides cook.（省略了to）Nothing remains but/except to die.It had no effect except to make him angry.I know better than to believe him.Mary will do anything but work on the farm.4)定语;表示未来行为；在被修饰词之后I have a huge pile of letters to deal with.Lets first find a room to put these things in.5)状语：目的，原因，结果，方式I went home to see my parents。Im going to start now in order not to/so as not to miss the beginning.第4页/共18页We are so happy to see you again.He is old enough to join the army.She is too tired to walk any further.Note:(1)too+ready,inclined（偏于),apt(易于）to do:表肯定He is too ready to speak.(他太爱说话）Men are too apt to forget.(人们常易健忘）(2)too not to(非常必定能;太不会不)He is too honest not to keep his promise.(3)Never too to do（永/决不能)It is never too late to learn.It is never too much to say that she is an excellent singer.第5页/共18页(4)only too to do(乐于/非常做某事)She was only too pleased to help you.6)宾补：动词表示感觉，致使，心理状态，情感状态I should like you to stay a bit if you have time.I cant get her to talk.不带to的不定式1.see，hear，listen to，feel,observe,notice,watch,look at+O+do/doingI saw him enter the shop.I saw him entering the shop2.let,make,help,have+O+doYou may take a horse to the water,but you cant make him drink.第6页/共18页Note:The suspected man was seen to enter the shop.He was seen go.He was let go.He was allowed/permitted to go.2.but,except,than,as 后作宾语的不定式，一般带to，但他们之前用了do，其后面的不定式一般不带toThe enemy could do nothing else than surrender.3.用在had better,had best,may/might as well,would/had just as soon,would sooner/as soon,would/had soonerthan等短语后He said hed sooner die than betray his motherland.4.用在ratherthan的结构中Rather than get money in such a dishonest way,he would beg in the street.第7页/共18页He would rather/sooner play than work.5.用or连接作状语表示让步Die or live,I will join them.Rain or shine,we will go swimming tomorrow.6.Some idoms:Make believe（伪装）,make do（凑合着用）,go hang（听之任之）,hear say/tell/speak/talk（听说）第8页/共18页 V-ing-动名词 现在分词动名词（gerund):名词的功能，动词的某些特征 主语，表语，宾语，定语，补语1.Saving is having.Seeing is believing.Note:Reading is very interesting.(抽象、泛指）To read this English novel is very interesting.（具体一次性行为）2.The most popular sport in our school is swimming.（动名词-主语的内容）The story is very interesting.（分词-主语的特征）Your bad habit is reading/to read without thorough understanding.（与主语一致)My work is to teach/teaching English.Todays assignment is to do all the exercises in Unit 9.(具体一次性行为）第9页/共18页3.admit,resist,escape,apprieciate,fangy,imagine,mind,prevent,suggest,feel like,give up,quit,leave off/stop,burst out,be busy,recall,involve,recall,miss,etc.(P.144145)He escaped being killed in the accident.I suggest bring the meeting to the end.I could not resist laughing.Note:See P.160-1614.定语a sleeping car（被修饰名词的性质和用途）A sleeping boy（被修饰名词所进行的动作）There is a fishing boat.（渔船）There is a boat to fish in.（有一只船去捕鱼）第10页/共18页5.补语See,hear,feel,keep,smell,watch,understand,find,have,make,get,notice,declare,etc.+O _v-ingI saw him entering the room.6.逻辑主语1)名词所有格、人称代词主格+v-ingHer going there cant do any harm.I quite appreciate the girls practising reading.Whats troubling them is their not having enough money.2)名词通格/人称代词宾格+V-ingI heard your friend singing in the next classroom第11页/共18页Note:1)The father insisted on Tom and John staying at home.（两个逻辑主语）2)He was awakened by someone knocking at the window.(复合宾语）3)Its no use/good your coming here so early.Its no use/good the man telling me not to worry.比较：分词的逻辑主语独立结构名词的通格/人称代词主格+V-ingSpring having come,the birds begin to sing.They being our friends,we shall help them.第12页/共18页was/were/hoped/meant/wished/intended/planned to have doneE.g.I wished to have met you at the airport,but I was occupied with something else.He was to have helped you with your English,but he was asked to the teachers office then.but exceptE.g.He is willing to do anything for the club but/except deliver a speech at the club meeting.Some of you will attend CET-4 or CET-6 except to prepare for the final examination.第13页/共18页5.It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do E.g.It was so silly of the girl to behave like that before a male stranger.It is quite thoughtful of you to bring an umbrella with you on such a day.6.some verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive with slight different meaning：love like hate prefer1)Id love to go shopping with you today.2)Im a person who loves going shopping.第14页/共18页8.stop try want mean need requireE.g.She wants reading.She wants to read now.Do you need to wash?Does the baby need washing(need to be washed)?第15页/共18页Additional Exercises主语从句：1.That.E.g.That her husband frequently gets drunk makes her annoyed.That he has made great progress gets his parents to be content with him.2.Whether(or not).E.g.Whether he will go back to his home town(or not)after graduation depends on his girlfriends opinion.第16页/共18页3.what/where/when/how.E.g.What he said at the meeting is still kept secret.Where I shall have my holiday hasnt been decided.How he goes to Beijing depends on his presentfinancial condition.第17页/共18页感谢您的观看！第18页/共18页