(16.1.1)--53Chapter15GeneticallyModifiedBr.ppt

Chapter13GeneticallyModifiedBreedingSection1DevelopmentandApplicationofTransgenicCropBreedingSection2IntegrationMechanismandGeneticCharacteristicsofExogenousGenesSection3CultivationofGeneticallyModifiedCropsSection4BreedingofGeneticallyModifiedCropVarietiesSection5BiosafetyofGeneticallyModifiedCropsNameNameProteiProtein n Dietary Dietary FiberFiberCaroteneCarotene VA VA VBVB VB2 VB2 VEVESeSe FeFeCaCa LysLysCornCorn8.7g8.7g 6.4g 6.4g 100ug100ug17mg17mg 0.38mg 0.38mg0.13mg0.13mg1.59mg1.59mg 3.52ug 3.52ug 3.2mg3.2mg 34mg34mg296mg296mgRiceRice7.4g7.4g0.7g0.7g 0.11mg0.11mg 0.05mg0.05mg-2.32ug 2.32ug 2.3mg2.3mg13mg 13mg -WheatWheat11.2g11.2g2.1g2.1g -0.28mg0.28mg 0.08mg 0.08mg-3.1ug3.1ug 2.5mg 2.5mg 20mg 20mg -NutritionalcompositionofgrainsofmainfoodcropsinmycountryWHOcontent/100gDaffodilsErwinia in soilSyngentaCroptransgenicbreedingreferstotheuseofmodernplantgeneticengineeringtechnologytointroducecertaingenesrelatedtohighyield,highqualityandstressresistancetraitsintorecipientcropstocultivatenewvarietieswithspecificexcellenttraits.Comparedwithconventionalbreedingtechniques,transgenicbreedinghasthefollowingadvantages:Genesderivedfromanimals,plants,andmicroorganisms（1）Broadentheavailablegeneticresources.（4）Promotethedevelopmentofgreenagriculture（3）Broadenthescopeofcropproduction（2）ImprovecropbreedingefficiencyProductionofvaccinesHighnutrientutilizationandspecificresistancetodiseasesandinsectscanbebred.Targetgeneisclear,singleorfewtraitsareimproved1.DevelopmentofplantgeneticmodificationtechnologySection1DevelopmentandApplicationofTransgenicCropBreedingUniversityofWashington(1983)Successfullyintroducedkanamycinresistancegeneintotobacco.UniversityofWisconsin(1983)Successfullyobtainedsoybeanphaseolinsunflower.PlanttransgeneinvolvestwokeystepsIntroductionofforeigngenesintorecipientcellsandintegrationintothegenome;Regeneratefertileplantsfromtransformedcells.DicotyledonAgrobacterium-mediatedLeafdiscmethodfortomatoandtobaccoCotyledonnodeandyoungcotyledonforsoybeanStemsegmentsofgenusYuncaiandpotatoMonocotyledonpolyethyleneglycol，PEGGenegrabAgrobacterium-mediated2.Applicationoftransgenictechnologyincropbreeding1996-2015GlobalGMcroparea(millionha)191.7millionhectaresin20181996-2015GlobalGMcroparea(millionha)2015arearatioofmajorglobalGMcrops1）USA75.04）Canada12.72）Brazil51.33）Argentina23.95）India11.67）China2.96）Paraguay3.88）Pakistan2.89）SouthAfrica2.710）Uruguay1.3Majorgrowingcountriesofgeneticallymodifiedcropsin2018(Area:millionhectares)排名排名国家国家种植面积种植面积(百万公顷百万公顷)转基因作物转基因作物1美国美国*75.0玉米、大豆、棉花、油菜玉米、大豆、棉花、油菜、甜菜、苜蓿、木瓜、南瓜、马铃薯、苹果、甜菜、苜蓿、木瓜、南瓜、马铃薯、苹果2巴西巴西*51.3大豆、玉米、棉花、甘蔗大豆、玉米、棉花、甘蔗3阿根廷阿根廷*23.9大豆、玉米、棉花大豆、玉米、棉花4加拿大加拿大*12.7油菜、玉米、大豆、甜菜、苜蓿、苹果油菜、玉米、大豆、甜菜、苜蓿、苹果5印度印度*11.6棉花棉花6巴拉圭巴拉圭*3.8大豆、玉米、棉花大豆、玉米、棉花7中国中国*2.9棉花、木瓜棉花、木瓜8巴基斯坦巴基斯坦*2.8棉花棉花9南非南非*2.7玉米、大豆、棉花玉米、大豆、棉花10乌拉圭乌拉圭*1.3大豆、玉米大豆、玉米11玻利维亚玻利维亚*1.3大豆大豆12澳大利亚澳大利亚*0.8棉花、油菜棉花、油菜13菲律宾菲律宾*0.6玉米玉米14缅甸缅甸*0.3棉花棉花15苏丹苏丹*0.2棉花棉花16墨西哥墨西哥*0.2棉花棉花17西班牙西班牙*0.1棉花棉花18哥伦比亚哥伦比亚*0.1棉花、玉米棉花、玉米19越南越南0.1玉米玉米20洪都拉斯洪都拉斯0.1玉米玉米21智利智利0.1玉米、大豆、油菜玉米、大豆、油菜22葡萄牙葡萄牙0.1玉米玉米23孟加拉国孟加拉国0.1茄子茄子24哥斯达黎加哥斯达黎加0.1棉花、大豆棉花、大豆25印度尼西亚印度尼西亚0.1甘蔗甘蔗26埃斯瓦蒂尼埃斯瓦蒂尼0.1棉花棉花总计总计191.7表1.2018年全球转基因作物种植面积，按国家分类（单位：百万公顷）*Chinasgeneticallymodifiedcropsarerelatedtocotton,rice,wheat,soybean,andrapeseedandothertraitssuchasinsectresistance,herbicideresistance,qualityimprovement,andresistancetostress.3.ResearchandutilizationofgeneticallymodifiedcropsinChinaBt（Bacillusthuringensis）CpTI（CowpeaTrypsionInhibitor）