高中英语语法专项练习_定语从句课件.ppt

The Attributive Clause 定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句复习定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略关系副词的用法关系副词的用法n关系代词在从句中可以做状语关系代词在从句中可以做状语n地点状语地点状语:where n原因状语原因状语:whyn时间状语时间状语:when限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词注意事项注意事项:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成：构成：先行词先行词 之后之后“.的的”关系词关系词先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine that/which关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.Please compare:形式形式作用作用翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释能能不能不能.的的能否省略能否省略Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same book as I lost.This is the same bookthat I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Isthereanythingelse_ youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_ hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_ sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况1.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,little,much,等不定代词时。等不定代词时。2.2.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,fewno,some,few等修饰时等修饰时3 3先行词有先行词有形容词最高级和序数词形容词最高级和序数词修饰时修饰时4 4先行词先行词既指人又指物既指人又指物时时5 5先行词被先行词被the only,the verythe only,the very修饰时修饰时6.6.句中已经有句中已经有whowho时，为了时，为了避免重复避免重复时时只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况1.1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用在非限制性定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，指代物，用用who/whomwho/whom指人指人.2.2.在由在由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中，只能用只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。3.3.先行词本身是先行词本身是thatthat时，关系词用时，关系词用which,which,先先行词为行词为those,one,hethose,one,he时多用时多用whowho。关于关于as引导定语从句的问题引导定语从句的问题as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，asas的结构中。1.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。He married the girl，as(which)was natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。As was natural,he married the girl.在在same,such,so,as之后应是名词或形容词之后应是名词或形容词名词。名词。thesameas,suchas,soas,asas结构结构1.Wearefacingthe sameproblemsaswedidyearsago.2.Somepeoplehavenodoubtthattheircatunderstandsas manywordsasadogdoes.3.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.the the samesameasas与与the the samesamethatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句前者修饰的是与原物同样的；后者就前者修饰的是与原物同样的；后者就是先行词同样的东西是先行词同样的东西.This is the same watch as IThis is the same watch as Ilost.lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）This is the same watch that I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）1.1.不不论论人人或或物物在在定定语语从从句句中中作作表表语语时时,用用thatthat引引导导定定语语从句，而从句，而thatthat通常省掉。通常省掉。两点补充两点补充He is no longer the man(He is no longer the man(that)he was.that)he was.Shanghai is no longer the city(thatShanghai is no longer the city(that)it was ten)it was ten)it was ten)it was ten years ago.years ago.years ago.years ago.而而“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数,谓语动词应用复数谓语动词应用复数“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句而而“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数”前有前有thethe，onlyonly或或the onlythe only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。He is He is one of the studentsone of the students who who study study very hard very hard at school.at school.He is He is the(only/the only)onethe(only/the only)one of the students who of the students who studiesstudies very hard at school very hard at schoolThank you for your attendance.Thank you for your attendance.