定语从句和名词性从句在写作中的运用.ppt

名词性从句名词性从句摆明事实，讲清道理摆明事实，讲清道理定语从句定语从句突出细节，修饰限制突出细节，修饰限制名词性从句（一）名词性从句（一）宾语从句：转述故事情节，揭示寓意道理，宾语从句：转述故事情节，揭示寓意道理，引出观点态度，交待事实现象引出观点态度，交待事实现象 概括归纳总结概括归纳总结1.简述故事情节，揭示寓意道理简述故事情节，揭示寓意道理语言观察：语言观察：1)Through an example of a disabled boy,we learn that one will finally succeed if he acquires the quality of persistence.2)The passage tells us that despite obstacles and failures,many people with their distinct qualities were able to overcome difficulty and eventually realized their goals and achieved success.2.引出观点引出观点语言观察：语言观察：1)I fully agree that trivial things play an important part in our life.2)Many students still prefer to go to university as they believe the environment of the university is very important for an individuals development and that graduates from key university are more likely to find a job.3.事实现象描写事实现象描写语言观察：语言观察：A latest survey shows that the health of Chinese youngsters has greatly declined.4.归纳、倡议、号召、总结归纳、倡议、号召、总结语言观察：语言观察：1)Anyway,I wont choose to study abroad because I think that as as long as I work hard,I will achieve success wherever I am.2)We do hope that more and more characters like him will come out and inspire us in our life.名词性从句名词性从句(二二)同位语从句同位语从句:得出结论得出结论,定义解释定义解释1)得出结论得出结论语言观察：语言观察：From the above discussion,I can safely draw a conclusion that success comes to anyone who keeps working perseveringly and that lack of perseverance can only result in frustration and failure.2)定义解释定义解释语言观察：语言观察：However,15%of them dont know whom to tell,for the reason that they arent willing to share their inner thoughts.名词性从句（三）名词性从句（三）1.What2.“It”结构结构3.主表一体句主表一体句Whatis that/how/when4.The reason whyis that whoever 与与those who名词性从句的标志词名词性从句的标志词what语言观察：语言观察：1)However,the high cost of studying abroad is more than what ordinary families can afford.2)Another significant quality for a popular person is to remember what is important to a certain person and what he is concerned about.3)The story discusses what makes one person different from others even if they are in the same situation.实战演练：实战演练：1._ (我在课本上学到的我在课本上学到的)is not practical at all.2.As to _(什么造成如此大的损失什么造成如此大的损失)，it is still a puzzle.3.I am curious about _(接下来会发生什么事情接下来会发生什么事情)What I learned from the textbook what caused such great damage what will happen nextIt 句型句型 It is+clear/obvious/evidentthat+.It is important/necessary/strange.that sb.(should)do sth.It is a pity/shame that It is said/reported/expected/suggestedthat.It happens/seems/appears/doesnt matter whether.It is beyond doubt/out of question that.语言观察：语言观察：1.It is evident that to be a likeable person,one needs to show understanding and interest towards others.2.It is still believed that handwritten letters are irreplaceable.3.It is important that all the citizens(should)know the importance of rubbish classification.4.It is a pleasure that I can have a good friend as Li.5.It goes without saying that diligence is more important than intelligence in ones success.实战演练：实战演练：1._(让老师让老师感到很生气感到很生气)he was late for school again.2._(希望希望)the project can be completed before the storm comes.3._(是一个坏习惯是一个坏习惯)you are always late for the lecture.It annoyed the teacher thatIt is hoped thatIt is a bad habit that主表一体句主表一体句 语言观察：语言观察：1）what troubles me most is that he keeps making noises when doing homework.2)What worried me most was that I found it difficult for me to remember new words.实战演练：实战演练：1._(我要建议的是我要建议的是)we should put up some signs to warn people of the potential danger.2._(真正重要的是真正重要的是)how we can make full use of the limited time.What Id like to suggest is thatWhat really matters is Whoever+单数单数=those who+复数复数Suchas 实战演练：实战演练：1._(违反校规的人违反校规的人)deserves to be punished.2._(尊重别人的人尊重别人的人)are to be respected.3._(那些违背社会公德的人那些违背社会公德的人)should be criticized.Whoever breaks the school regulationsThose who respect othersSuch people as violate the public morality 定语从句定语从句1.as2.which3.who/whom4.when/where/why/whoseas1.置于句首或句中，引起非限制性定语从句，置于句首或句中，引起非限制性定语从句，先行词为前（后）面的整个句子，往往有先行词为前（后）面的整个句子，往往有“正如，正如，正象正象”的意思的意思适用于：图表说明类文章、谚语俗语及其它的事实适用于：图表说明类文章、谚语俗语及其它的事实 性内容的引入性内容的引入实战演练：实战演练：1._(正如俗语所云正如俗语所云)，“God help those who help themselves.”2._(正如所预料的那样正如所预料的那样)，I improved my English so much that I evenwon the first prize in the English Oral Contest of my school.3._(如数据所显示如数据所显示)，“parent”ranks second for the girls but fourth for the boys.4._(众所周知众所周知)，honesty is the pillar of a society.As the saying goesAs was expectedAs the data showsAs is known to allWhich语言观察：语言观察：1.The book which was written by him is very interesting.2.The picture which is hanging on the wall is painted by Tom.3.We discussed the video which was on language teaching.思考：这些句子还有其它的表达方式吗？思考：这些句子还有其它的表达方式吗？你认为哪种形式更好一些？你认为哪种形式更好一些？Which 引导的非限制性定语从句（一）引导的非限制性定语从句（一）适用于：对前面句子所以引起的结果进行表述适用于：对前面句子所以引起的结果进行表述语言观察：语言观察：1.Every day I needed to wash about 1,000 items of clothing,which was really boring and tiresome.2.Film tickets are getting more and more expensive,which turns many potential audience away.实战演练：实战演练：1.Recently,my English teacher,Mr.Smith is chosen as an Excellent Foreign Teacher in our city,_(这使我们所有的人都很高兴这使我们所有的人都很高兴).2.Some advertisements do not give much information but only try to persuade people to buy,_(由此增加了由此增加了)the cost on goods.Which pleased all of us which increased/addedWhich 引导的非限制性定语从句（二）引导的非限制性定语从句（二）适用于：与先行词形成整体与部分、方位对比等适用于：与先行词形成整体与部分、方位对比等 关系由关系由some/all/none/most介词短语或介词短语或 其他名词等其他名词等+which 构成，多用于说明文构成，多用于说明文 和记叙文和记叙文语言观察：语言观察：I have a lot of books,most of which are in English.实战演练：实战演练：1.I have a lot of habits,_(其中其中)the worst one is that I often find excuses to cover my mistakes.2.There is a library in the southern corner of our school,_(在它后面在它后面)is a swimming pool.3.During the“earth hour”,people in Sydney will have a one-hour blackout activity throughout the city,_(这个活动的目的这个活动的目的)is to make people aware of energy saving better.among which behind which the purpose of which4.A big fire broke out last night,_（以至于）（以至于）a lot of houses were burned to the ground.as a consequence of whichWho/whom语言观察：语言观察：1.Mr.Wang,who is an excellent teacher in our school,has won the great honor as one of the“10 Excellent Teachers”in our school.2.The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.思考：这些句子还有其它的表达方式吗？思考：这些句子还有其它的表达方式吗？你认为哪种形式更好一些？你认为哪种形式更好一些？Who用于用于summary 当中，以故事中人物作为先行词当中，以故事中人物作为先行词以此作为切入点，概括其所作所为，从而交代整个以此作为切入点，概括其所作所为，从而交代整个故事情节故事情节语言观察：语言观察：1）The article told us a story of a student who had thrown away his years of hard work,great academic achievements and a promising future just for some short-term benefits.2.The passage introduced to us a writer who suffered a lot in his childhood but persevered in the schooling with the help of kind people and finally achieved his dream.实战演练：实战演练：1.Soon after the flood,a great number of soldiers were sent to help the rescue_(他们不但给城市带来了水和食物他们不但给城市带来了水和食物)but also shelters for survivors.2.About 1,000 people involved in the survey,_(他们当中他们当中大多数大多数)think that local government should be responsible for the accident.who not only took drinking water and food to the city the majority of whom When/where/why/whose常用搭配：常用搭配：There was a time when.Gone are the days when.stage/situation/point/life/activity where.The reason whyWhen/where/why=介词介词+whichWhose=of which the=the of which.Such/the same/asasThe way that/in which/.实战演练实战演练:1.There was a time _computer games.(我沉溺于玩电脑游戏我沉溺于玩电脑游戏)2.Now I am in a situation_(我不知道如何提高我的英语成绩我不知道如何提高我的英语成绩)3.He refused to tell me the reason_(他为何迟到他为何迟到)。4.This is my life,_(在这里在这里)I have found peace and beauty.when I was addicted to playing where I dont know how to improve my English why/for which he was late where/in which定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 之间的转换之间的转换I dont know where he is from.I have no idea where he is from.I dont doubt that the exam will be hard.There is no doubt that the exam will be hard.We can conclude from the article thatWe can draw a conclusion from the article that.It is known to all that he is a good man.As we all know,he is a good man.What we all know is that he is a good man.We all know that he is a good man.That he is a good man is known to all.I will tell you what I know.I will tell you all/anything(that)I know.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.Those who break the law are to be punished.Such people as break the law are to be punished.写作中的语法是可以预知的，认真研究写作中的语法是可以预知的，认真研究篇章的布局安排，找准语法在写作中的篇章的布局安排，找准语法在写作中的切入点，练熟常用语法形式，保证临场切入点，练熟常用语法形式，保证临场写作的标准，是有效写作的重要环节。写作的标准，是有效写作的重要环节。学会对有效语法点进行筛选，将固定的学会对有效语法点进行筛选，将固定的语法置于灵活的语境中，不乱用，不滥用。语法置于灵活的语境中，不乱用，不滥用。