研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二lesson课后习题答案.pptx

Most people can keep their minds on one topic for a limited period of time.This is called their attention span.You can increase your attention span by using the techniques listed below:1.Set goals for yourself and read with a purpose.If you are looking for specific information as you read,it will be easier to keep your attention focused on the material.So,before you begin to read a text in English,decide what you intend to accomplish during that session and about how much time it will take.第1页/共45页2.Vary your reading.It is easy to tire of reading about a particular subject if you spend too long on it.To overcome this problem,work on several different assignments on an evening rather than finish one assignment completely.The variety of subject matters will provide a needed change and maintain your interest.Even when you are studying the same material,you can read it several times instead of going slowly sentence by sentence,paragraph after paragraph.Instead,try to read it several times,varying the speed and focus of each reading.第2页/共45页3.Read with a critical eye.Keeping a critical eye while reading can help you to be alert and to remember more of the content.4.Combine physical and mental activities.Reading is primarily a mental activity.Because the rest of your body is not involved in the reading process,it is easy to become restless or feel a need to do something.Activities such as highlighting,underlining,making marginal notes,or writing summary outlines provide an outlet for physical energy serving as useful study aids.第3页/共45页Practice of Reading Techniques 1.Active for making predictions and connections in reading selection A.a)Find out what the selection is about,what the most important message intended by the author is.b)Identify the logical structure of the article,i.e.how he organizes his main ideas into sections.2.Before plunging right into the text,how you will read the selection and do the exercises of the selection or the tasks listed above.For example,you may decide to read selection A at least twice.The first time,read it extensively focusing more on answering the comprehension questions.Then read it intensively focusing more on the logical structure.And so on.第4页/共45页3.Write the procedures and allocate time for each step or task.Now,start reading.(When you feel bored,sleepy,or confused,note down the time youve been concentrating,and check what you have done.)第5页/共45页Lesson 5 Science and Technology Reading Selection A 第6页/共45页CATALOGUEWarm-up Activities About the Author Background Information Language Points Keys text第7页/共45页1.Could you list some of the important scientific and technological advances in the 20th century?2.Will all these advances benefit us?Are we happy with these advances?Warm-up Activities 第8页/共45页About the Author Judith S.Baughman,who works in the department of English at the University of South Carolina,has written the F.Scott Fitzgerald volume in the Gale Study Guides series and has edited American Decades:1920-1929.Judith S.Baughman is also the author of Literary Masters:F.Scott Fitzgerald.She lives in Columbia,South Carolina.第9页/共45页Background Information About the Book This volume completes the 20th century for the American Decades series.Set up in the same way as the other nine,it features sections on world events,arts,business,education,fashion,politics,law,lifestyles,media,medicine,religion,and science.Each section begins with a chronology of events and an overview of the decade and then presents topics and people who made the news.As with many brief summary tools,there is an occasional penchant to interpret for readers.However,this is mostly a straightforward recitation of events,facts,and dates.A 55-page general index and an index of photographs conclude the volume.The black-and-white photographs are generally small,but illustrative.第10页/共45页Background Information About the Book 1.Each volume of American Decades concentrates on the social aspects of a ten-year period in American history,providing insight into time periods that have defined the cultural identity of entire generations and helped shape the political and economic fabric of America 第11页/共45页Language Points 1.draw to a close come to an end 结束；告终（line 1,para.1）寒冷的冬季终于结束了。The cold winter has finally drawn to a close.第12页/共45页Language Points 2.usher in announce;signal the start of;herald 预报，预告的来临；开创（line 5,para.1）鸟鸣报晓。The song of birds ushers in the dawn.会谈开创了国际合作的新纪元。The talks ushered in a new era of international cooperation.第13页/共45页Language Points*at ones fingertips to hand;available 近在手边；随时可供应用，立即可以得到 他手头有自己所需要的所有信息。He has all the information he needs at his fingertips.你手头要备一些可供随时动用的现款。Have your cash at your fingertips!第14页/共45页Language Points 4.*leave behind produce(sth)afterwards 遗留（某物）（line 9,para.1）上届政府遗留下一大堆问题。The last government has left behind a long train of problems.*leave behind desert;abandon 留下；把丢在后面；丢弃 这些细枝末节我留待你去解决了。These little details I leave behind for you to settle.你如果不想落在后面，就得仅仅跟随。You had to follow closely if you wanted to avoid being left behind.第15页/共45页Language Points 男人们都跑掉了，只留下老年妇女和孩子。The men had all run away,leaving only old women and children behind.*leave behind forget to take someone or something with you 遗忘 在回家的半路上，她才意识到自己把钱包落下了。It wasnt until she was halfway home that she realized that shed left her purse behind.第16页/共45页Language Points 5.*plug in connect a piece of equipment to an electricity supply or to another piece of equipment 把（某设备）和（电源或其他设备）相连（line 11,para.1）你只须接通电源，一拧开关就行了。All you have to do is to plug in and switch on.*plug in(in informal AME)If you plug into a group of people or their ideas or plug in,you find out about them and try to understand them;tune in（非正式美语）探究；设法了解 第17页/共45页You have to be careful that you stay plugged in.我真正想做的事是探究人们的幻想。What Im really trying to do is to plug into peoples fantasies.人们一直在使政治家们了解公共关系的作用。Politicians have been kept plugged into the public relations operation.你得非常留心，必须保持消息灵通。Language Points 第18页/共45页Language Points 6.the reigning（line 13,para.1）a)current 当前的 John McEnroe,the reigning champion,was beaten in the first round.冠军保持者约翰。麦肯罗在比赛第一个回合就被击败。b)influential;prevailing 起支配作用的；占统治地位的 她曾是当时第一美人。She was reigning beauty of her day.第19页/共45页Language Points 7.*fool around/about behave foolishly;waste time 不务正业；虚度光阴（line 9,para.2）Stop fooling about,we have a lot of serious work to do.别浪费时间了，我们还有一大堆正事要做。Mark admits he used to fool around in class.*fool around with have a sexual relationship with someone who is not your usual partner 鬼混 不要同有夫之妇乱搞。Dont fool around with another mans wife.马克承认以前常在课堂上瞎混。第20页/共45页Language Points*fool around/about with handle or use something in a stupid or careless way 瞎弄；乱弄 Someone had been fooling about with the controls.不知道是谁在瞎摆弄控制器。第21页/共45页Language Points 8.*hack use a computer to connect to someone elses computer secretly and often illegally,so that you can find or change information on it 非法侵入（他人的计算机系统）（line 7,para.3）Young kids are finding they can hack the computers of large corporations.孩子们发现他们能够侵入大公司的电脑系统。secretly find a way to get into the information on someone elses computer system in order to use or change it 非法侵入（电脑系统）他们侵入银行的电脑系统并转走了大量的现金。They hack into banks and transfer huge amounts of cash.*hack into 第22页/共45页Language Points 9.steal vi move somewhere quietly and secretly 偷偷走到；悄悄移动（line 9,para.3）We could steal up on her.我们可以偷偷走近她身边。Time steals away from you when you are having fun.他渐渐明白过来了。Awareness stole over him.当你在嬉戏玩乐时，时光就从你身边悄悄溜走。第23页/共45页Language Points 10.*wreak havoc cause disruption or destruction 引起混乱或毁灭(line 9,para.3)His hard work wreaks havoc in his personal life.他拼命工作破坏了他的私人生活。They have wrought dreadful havoc among the wildlife by shooting and trapping.洪水给该镇造成了巨大的破坏。Floods have wreaked havoc on the town.他们射杀和诱捕野生动物，造成了严重的破坏。第24页/共45页Language Points*cause/create havoc cause a lot of damage or harm 造成打破坏 Winter storms continued to cause havoc for drivers.冬季的暴风雪不断给驾车者带来大灾难。cause a lot of problems;disrupt 扰乱 最后几天的焦虑不安打乱了他的工作时间，扰乱了他的正常生活秩序。The anxieties of the last few days had played havoc with his working hours and disrupted his routine*play havoc with sth 涉及到定义，政治当然给英语造成了紊乱。When it comes to definitions,politics certainly plays havoc with the English language.第25页/共45页Language Points 11.*lobby sb to do sth try to influence politicians or people in authority on a particular subject 游说（政治家或掌权者）（line 12,para.3）Motorists lobbied the government to take action on petrol prices.汽车驾驶员们劝说政府采取行动控制油价。try to persuade people in power,to approve(sth such as a law)or take action 我们的组织正在对掌权者进行游说，争取制定更强硬的法律来控制有害垃圾。Our organization is lobbying for tougher laws to control toxic waste.*lobby for 第26页/共45页Language Points*lobby through reach or obtain(sth such as a law)by political action;get a bill accepted by influence（通过政治行动）实现或获取（某物，如一相法令）；施加影响使议案通过 In spite of opposition from the other parties,the changes in the law have been lobbied through.尽管其它党派反对，但法律的修改议案仍通过施加影响而获得通过。第27页/共45页Language Points 12.in the name of religion/freedom/science etc using religion,freedom etc as the reason why something is done-used especially when you disapprove of what someone is doing 以为借口(line13,para.3)cruel experiments on animals carried out in the name of science 以科学为借口在动物身上进行的残酷实验 the things people do in the name of love 人们以为借口做的各种事情 第28页/共45页Language Points*in somebodys name/in the name of somebody a)if something is in someones name,it officially belongs to them or is for them to use 在的名下；在的名下 The house is in my husbands name.这是我丈夫名下的房子。The room was reserved in the name of Peters.这房间是姓彼得斯的人定的。这本书是以的名义借的。The book is charged out in your name.我以国王的名义逮捕你。In the name of the King,I arrest you.b)formal as someone elses official representative 以的名义，代表 第29页/共45页Language Points 13.receive a hearing/a fair hearing get an opportunity to give your opinion or ideas about a particular subject,especially when other people disagree with you 得到申辩（或发表意见）的机会；得到公众注意（或倾听）的机会(line 17,para.3)It was the loudest voice that received a hearing.嗓门最高的人才有发表意见的机会。We were given a very fair hearing.我们得到了非常公正的申诉机会。她认为应该听取这个问题的各个方面。She believed in giving a fair hearing to all sides of the question.第30页/共45页Language Points 14.*spy on watch someone secretly so that you know everything they do 暗中监视；窥探(line 18,para.3)How much did you pay the man to spy on me?你付那人多少钱来监视我？Managers feel it is their duty to spy on the workforce.经理们认为暗中监视员工是他们的职责。第31页/共45页Language Points*spy/spy out notice someone or something 发现；注意到 I spy a mistake.我注意到一个错误。The boy spied me out the time I got off the train.我一下火车就给这个小男孩认出来了。我准备去察看一下，找个合适的会面地点。Im going to spy out a suitable place to meet.第32页/共45页Language Points 15.what somebody should do with something/what to do with something etc used to ask or talk about how someone should deal with something 用，利用；对待；处理(line4,para.4)I dont know what to do with this strange object.我不知道这怪东西有什么用？What are we to do with this naughty boy?我们怎样处置这个顽皮的男孩？*what has somebody done with something?spoken used to ask where someone has put something 放置 你把我的帽子放到哪儿去了？What have you done with my hat?第33页/共45页Language Points*what has sth(got)to do with?used for asking,often in an angry way,how two people or things are connected or why someone is interested in something（常用于生气地询问）某事与有什么关系 As a matter of fact I do have a boyfriend,but whats that got to do with you?实际上我确实有男朋友，但那跟你有什么关系？第34页/共45页Language Points 16.*work with strive to influence by appeals,etc.（通过呼吁等方式）努力影响；对起作用(line 17,para.5)Flattery may work with some people,but it will not work with me.奉承对一些人也许起作用，但对我却不起作用。have(sb,usually a group)as the object of ones work做（某人或某些人）的工作*work with 她是教师，得跟孩子们打交道。She is a teacher and has to work with children.*work with use(sth)as an object or tool in ones work or thinking（用某物）做；摆弄 这个小男孩总是喜欢摆弄电脑什么的。The little boy has always liked working with a computer.第35页/共45页Keys.READING COMPREHENSION 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.B.VOCABULARY A.1.D 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B B.1.at your fingertips 2.ushered in 3.decode 4.wreak promise 6.malfunction 7.toxic 8.discriminated 9.pit 10.fanatics.CLOZE 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 第36页/共45页Keys.TRANSLATION 1二十世纪九十年代的技术进步似乎带来了一场其意义堪与两百年以前的工业革命相媲美的社会与经济方面的革命，它创造了一个崭新的社会，在这个社会里人们由技术相互连接，数字化的信息、商业以及通讯都在弹指一挥间。2科技的新发展似乎向人们承诺提供从消除有毒废料到食品采买一系列问题的最终解决方案遗传工程师培养出了能够吞食工业残渣的微生物，麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员设计出了能够觉察箱内牛奶告罄并可上网定购的电冰箱。第37页/共45页Keys 3.1997年克隆动物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成问题，人们担心人类可能会朝着一个由基因制造的人组成的“大胆的新世界”方向发展，（这已不再是单纯的理论问题了）。4尽管大多数美国人赞成小孩不应接触这些内容，但试图规范个人网页和新闻组内容的努力还是同互联网应是公开、非集权的大众媒体的理念发生了冲突，在这种媒体中，即使最荒唐、最令人讨厌的东西也可以发表。5但是一些批评人士提出质疑说，把花在太空上的钱用来资助地球上的新发现是不是更好呢？似乎地球上正进行着这么多有趣的新项目，太空研究不再那么必要了。第38页/共45页Keys.ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION 1.Why was the new“Digital Age”not all-inclusive?Because some people could not get access to these new technologies for varied reasons.For instance,the elderly,who cant accept all the changes the Digital Age has brought about,or who could not learn how to manipulate those sophisticated digital equipment,would probably be left behind.In addition,there still exists an underprivileged population,who could not afford the new technology.第39页/共45页Keys 2.List the threats confronting Americans privacy.First,the threats come from the explosion of the Internet.Americans are worried that some malicious individual would,through the Internet,hack into protected computer systems to get government and military secrets,the source codes to proprietary software,others social security number etc.Computer virus could steal into personal computer systems through e-mail or the Web and damage it.Secondly,the threats come from the decoding of human genomes.Many Americans have the fear that the complete understanding of the human genetic code might be used to discriminate against some people,or to group individuals based on their genetic data.第40页/共45页Keys 3.What positive effects is the Human Genome Project likely to bring to American life?First,there would be promises for an end to genetic disorders.Secondly,it could help to identify and cure genetic diseases.Thirdly,it could make food sources healthier and more plentiful for a growing global population.第41页/共45页Keys 4.Describe the efforts made by NASA scientists during the 1990s in exploring the space.NASA sent the giant Hubble Telescope into orbit to gather and transmit images of deep space.NASA scientists found possible evidence of bacterial life in a meteor from Mars,and distant planets were discovered that might contain water.In addition,NASA sent space probes to land on the surface of Mars,sent national hero John Herschel Glenn Jr.back into space to study aging.It also made plans to build an International Space Station with research teams from other countries.第42页/共45页Keys 5.What effect has the“Digital Age”brought to your life?Give examples.6.Has your private computer been hacked into?Or have you ever got your pin for your e-mail box or messenger stolen?Describe the situation,and what you did to solve the problem.7.What is your view on the possibility of genetically engineered