提高英语阅读技巧.pptx

分析题干能力训练分析题干能力训练猜词能力训练猜词能力训练教学内容教学内容第1页/共25页1指读 2译读3回读 4.查词典5“坏毛病”（bad habits）:教学过程中，发现学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。比如晃头、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。第2页/共25页常见题型：常见题型：1.细节细节理解题理解题2.2.主旨主旨大意题大意题3.推理推理判断题判断题分析题干能力分析题干能力第3页/共25页(一一)细节理解题：细节理解题：细节理解题通常是根据文章中的具体信息（细节理解题通常是根据文章中的具体信息（直接信直接信息或间接信息息或间接信息）进行提问的。）进行提问的。直接信息题可以在文章直接信息题可以在文章中直接找到答案，间接信息题则要我们在理解的基础上将中直接找到答案，间接信息题则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到。有关内容系统化才能找到。做此类题的做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读,找出正找出正确答案。确答案。分析题干能力分析题干能力第4页/共25页细节类问题的出题范围：细节类问题的出题范围：考查考查是非、例证、年代与数字、原因等。是非、例证、年代与数字、原因等。命题方式有以下几种：命题方式有以下几种：1)Which of the following is 1)Which of the following is NOT NOT true according to the information true according to the information in the passage?in the passage?2)The author mentions all of the following 2)The author mentions all of the following exceptexcept.3)Which of the following statements is 3)Which of the following statements is correctcorrect according to the according to the passage?passage?4)According to the passage,4)According to the passage,whowho(when(when，where,why,how,where,why,how,etc.)etc.).5)5)By taking By taking exampleexample from the from the author meansauthor means分析题干能力分析题干能力第5页/共25页Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.解析：解析：A、C 和和D都可在原文找到答案，而都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是：项原文列的是：taken to Hong Kong可判断不是可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选，因此选B。第6页/共25页（二）主旨大意题：分析题干能力分析题干能力1.1.主旨大意题的考查范围：主旨大意题的考查范围：文章或段落大意（Main idea）、标题（Title）、主题（Topic)2.2.提问方式有以下几种：提问方式有以下几种：1 1）TheThe general/maingeneral/main idea of the passage is _idea of the passage is _ 2 2）The passage The passage mainlymainly tells us _ tells us _3 3）What is theWhat is the main main topic of the passagetopic of the passage？4 4）What is theWhat is the best title best title for the passagefor the passage？第7页/共25页3.3.解主旨大意题时，以下方法可供参考。解主旨大意题时，以下方法可供参考。1)认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2)抓住反复出现的中心词，即主题词。（作者往往有意识地反复论述文章的主题）。3)文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。例如：On the whole,in short,therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points above,I would support the idea that 4.归纳主题容易犯以下三种错误：l以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。l过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以 充分论证。l把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。分析题干能力分析题干能力第8页/共25页 如何寻找主题句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。式。分析题干能力分析题干能力第9页/共25页Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最后自然得出结最后自然得出结论论,即段落的主题。即段落的主题。分析题干能力分析题干能力第10页/共25页 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问通常前面只提出问题题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或引申在文中文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或引申在文中导出导出,而后又对主题进一步的解释和发展而后又对主题进一步的解释和发展.分析题干能力分析题干能力第11页/共25页（三）推理判断题（三）推理判断题1.1.推断题的出题范围：推断题的出题范围：对对具体细节具体细节、作者态度作者态度、事态发展事态发展及及词义词义进行推断。进行推断。2.2.有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：1)It can be 1)It can be inferredinferred from the text that _.from the text that _.2)The story/author 2)The story/author impliesimplies（suggestssuggests）_._.3)The writers 3)The writers attitude attitude toward.is _.toward.is _.4)which of the following does the author 4)which of the following does the author agree withagree with？5)The paragraph following the passage will most 5)The paragraph following the passage will most probablyprobably be _.be _.6 6）The underlined The underlined wordword（phrasephrase）in the passage means _in the passage means _ 分析题干能力分析题干能力第12页/共25页3.解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2)区分作者的态度和文中人物的态度；（3）推理的根据来自于上下文。分析题干能力分析题干能力第13页/共25页Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂蟑螂)and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house,it was _.A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlordC.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复恢复”，因此推出，因此推出答案为答案为D D。分析题干能力分析题干能力第14页/共25页Example 2 Some people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing.And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these people always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr.Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldom has problems.He never breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr.Neff knows almost everything.He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions.He never says，“I dont know.”Q：Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr.Neff?A.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand.B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful.C.He feels pity for Mr.Neff.D.He does not like Mr.Neff.解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.误了车或飞机误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对Mr.Neff的讨厌之情。答案为的讨厌之情。答案为D。分析题干能力分析题干能力第15页/共25页如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：这种题型常见的设题方式有：1 1）The The underlinedunderlined wordword（phrase/phrase/sentencesentence）in the passage means _in the passage means _ 2 2）The word itThe word it（themthem）in the first paragraphin the first paragraph refers torefers to _ 3 3）Which of the following isWhich of the following is closest in meaning toclosest in meaning to the underlinedthe underlined word in the second paragraphword in the second paragraph？解这类题我们通常定位到划线的词、短语或句子的前后句，然后确定答案。分析题干能力分析题干能力第16页/共25页（一）根据常识、经验猜生词 例如：The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel 猜词能力猜词能力第17页/共25页（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：1 1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 。例如：Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully 2 2利用事例或解释猜生词利用事例或解释猜生词 。例如：The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词利用重复解释的信息猜生词 。例如：Mr.Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late 4 4根据同位关系进行判断：根据同位关系进行判断：.，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language 猜词能力猜词能力第18页/共25页（三）（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义 uOne of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice uThe early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD 猜词能力猜词能力第19页/共25页（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择文文章章中中的的代代词词it，that，he，him或或them可可以以指指上上文文提提到到的的人人或或物物，其其中中it和和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找。还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找。例例如如（NMET2006，A篇篇）原题：What does the underlined word it（paragraph 2）refer to？ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the moon people“again DTraveling to outer space 原文：However，the question that moon people asked is still an interesting oneA growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it猜词能力猜词能力由此可以看出由此可以看出it指上句中的指上句中的the question，而，而the question又指第又指第一段中一段中月球人月球人所提的问题。所以根据第一段中的问题所提的问题。所以根据第一段中的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？就可以判断出答案为就可以判断出答案为B。第20页/共25页（五）根据转折（五）根据转折、对比对比或因果关系进行判断关系进行判断a)He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deterioratedb)Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted猜词能力猜词能力第21页/共25页（六）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断（六）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断（六）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断（六）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断例例如如:Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.猜词能力猜词能力我我们们知知道道，prefer的的意意思思是是宁宁愿愿；愿愿意意，根根据据上上下下文文可可以以判断判断prefer的名词形式的名词形式preference的含义应是的含义应是偏爱；爱好。偏爱；爱好。第22页/共25页HomeworkTo discuss about the skills of dealing with reading comprehension further.To finish the relative exercise with the help of these skills第23页/共25页第24页/共25页感谢您的观看！第25页/共25页