人教新课标必修一语法：主谓一致用法归纳课件.ppt

Senior 1 Class 4Mr.WuSubject-VerbAgreement什么是主谓一致？什么是主谓一致？主语和谓语在人称和数上主语和谓语在人称和数上 保持一致叫做主谓一致。保持一致叫做主谓一致。三个基本原则：三个基本原则：就近原则就近原则 语法一致（形式一致）语法一致（形式一致）意义一致意义一致就近原则就近原则谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定的主语决定eg:(1)You or he is wrong.(2)There is one teacher and 60 students in the classroom.四种结构用就近原则：1、多个主语用多个主语用or连接。连接。2、therebe句型。句型。3、多个主语用多个主语用neithernor或或eitheror连接。连接。4、多个主语用多个主语用notonlybutalso连接。连接。3、主语用、主语用neithernor或或eitheror连接。连接。Neither(Either)she nor(or)her parentswhat is going on.Neither(Either)her parents nor(or)shewhat is going on.4、主语用主语用notonlybutalso连接。连接。Not(Not only)she but(but also)her parentswhat is going on.Not(Not only)her parents but(but also)shewhat is going on.knowknowsknowknows1.NotonlywebutalsoJane_thesecret.1.NotonlywebutalsoJane_thesecret.A.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownA.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhaving2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.oneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.haveA.isB.areC.amD.have3.Eithertheheadmasteroryou_theprizestothese3.Eithertheheadmasteroryou_theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.giftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandedoutB.arehandedoutA.ishandedoutB.arehandedoutC.aretohandoutD.istohandoutC.aretohandoutD.istohandout BBC4.There_nolifeonthemoon.4.There_nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveA.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobeC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe5.a.There_amagazine,afewlettersandsome5.a.There_amagazine,afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable.newspapersonthetable.b.There_afewletters,amagazineandsomeb.There_afewletters,amagazineandsomenewspaperonthetable.newspaperonthetable.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasA.isB.areC.haveD.hasABCeg (1)I am a boy.(2)The desks are green.(3)You like swimming,but she likes dancing.语法一致（形式一致）语法一致（形式一致）主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。找准主语找准主语中心语中心语（即主语表达的重点、主语的骨干所在），然（即主语表达的重点、主语的骨干所在），然后将后将不表示数量不表示数量的修饰、限制、说明等枝枝蔓蔓去除的修饰、限制、说明等枝枝蔓蔓去除.要点：要点：Situations:A、主语中用介词主语中用介词with,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,alongwith,including,like等等附带说明。其功能同附带说明。其功能同and有显著差别。有显著差别。1.Jackie with his parents intends to set out for Europe next week.2.The son rather than his parents is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)NotonlywebutalsoJane_thesecret.NotonlywebutalsoJane_thesecret.A.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownA.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownNotwebutJane_thesecret.NotwebutJane_thesecret.A.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownA.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownBBYoubutnotheYoubutnothegoingtotakeupthetask.goingtotakeupthetask.areare特别注意：特别注意：B、thenumberof+n 其表达重心在“数量数量number”上，而非其后的名词。The number of books 60.而a number of 仅仅表达数量，与many等词类似。相似的还有the group of,a group of.is但是A pair of,例外。There is a pair of shoes.C、表达数量的修饰、限制、说明等成分不能去除，比如one of,half of,70 percent of,plenty of,lots of,most of,a great deal of,分式等等。此时，谓语用什么形式由主语所表达的单复数意义来决定：表达单数或主语为不可数名词时，谓语则用单数；表达复数意义，则用复数形式。For example:Half of the students have gone abroad.Most of us are boys.Only one of students in class 10 has the ability to finish it in half an hour.2.2.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butaThenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butaThenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.numberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.numberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasA.were;wasB.was;wasA.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereC.was;wereC.was;were D.were;wereD.were;wereD.were;were3.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_by5%3.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_by5%3.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_by5%everyyear.everyyear.everyyear.A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raisesA.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raisesA.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises4.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothe4.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothe4.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.nationasagift.nationasagift.A.isofferedA.isofferedA.isofferedB.hasofferedB.hasofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedC.areofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedD.haveofferedD.haveofferedC CC CA A1.Allbutone_herejustnow.1.Allbutone_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereA.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereD5.5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailyE-mail,aswellastelephones,_munication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayedD.playA.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayedD.playA6._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.6._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areA.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC7.-7.-Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_togotouniversity.togotouniversity.-SodoI.-SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hopedA.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped8.8.Agroupofsheep_eating_and_atthefootofthehill.Agroupofsheep_eating_and_atthefootofthehill.A.are;grass;leavesB.are;grasses;leavesA.are;grass;leavesB.are;grasses;leavesC.is;grass;leafD.is;grasses;leafsC.is;grass;leafD.is;grasses;leafsBA意义一致意义一致根据主语所表达的单复数意义而不是根据主语所表达的单复数意义而不是形式来决定谓语动词的单复数意义：形式来决定谓语动词的单复数意义：A、主语表达单数或本身不可数，谓主语表达单数或本身不可数，谓语动词采用单数形式；语动词采用单数形式；B、主语表达复数意义，谓语动词用主语表达复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。eg:(1)His family are waiting for him.(2)My family is a large one.1、主语为一个从句、动名词、主语为一个从句、动名词、不定式或其他非谓语动词时不定式或其他非谓语动词时,这时主语表达一件事。这时主语表达一件事。谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式a.Getting up early is a good habit.b.What he said does not hurt me.由由由由what,whowhat,who等引导的主语从句，一般用单等引导的主语从句，一般用单等引导的主语从句，一般用单等引导的主语从句，一般用单数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用and,and,bothandbothand等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语用复数。用复数。用复数。用复数。注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单复数来决定。复数来决定。复数来决定。复数来决定。Whatshegivestomearejustsomebooks.Whatshegivestomearejustsomebooks.HowandwhentostartthejobHowandwhentostartthejobisstillaquestion.stillaquestion.WhathetoldmeandwhathedidWhathetoldmeandwhathedidmakemeforgivehim.meforgivehim.2、当两个单数名词连接，但当两个单数名词连接，但指同一个人或事物时。指同一个人或事物时。eg:The singer and poet is to attend the evening party.The singer and the poet to attend the evening party.Practice:A、isB、areB3、主语为表示长度、重量、时间、主语为表示长度、重量、时间、或是价值的复数时，这时主语或是价值的复数时，这时主语仅仅表示作为整体的一个数量仅仅表示作为整体的一个数量概念概念。eg:Two years is a short moment in history.4、学科名称、学科名称physics,maths,politics,及其他几个特殊名词及其他几个特殊名词means（方法）方法）,news,works(工厂）做主语工厂）做主语时，其意义仅表达一个学科名称。时，其意义仅表达一个学科名称。Eg:a.Every means has been tried to save the rare animal.b.Pysics is a very useful subject.5、由由every,some,no,anybody,thing等构成的不定代词作主等构成的不定代词作主语时，或主语中含有语时，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。谓语需用单数。以及：(1)every+n.and(every)+n.(2)each+n.and(each)+n.(3)no.+n.(单数）单数）and (no)+n.(单数）单数）eg:(1)Every girl and(every)boy likes sports.(2)No dancer and(no)singer appears at the party.谓语动词用复数形式谓语动词用复数形式 1.当主语为当主语为peple,cattle,Clothes等本身只表示复数的名等本身只表示复数的名词时或当主语为词时或当主语为 the+形容词形容词/姓姓氏氏/国籍的形容词时。国籍的形容词时。(1)The Smiths are moving to Canada next month.(2)The sick are taken good care of in the hospital.2.一些本身由不可分离的两部分构成一些本身由不可分离的两部分构成的名词作主语时，如的名词作主语时，如trousers,glasses,scissors，shoes等，谓语等，谓语用复数。但若其前加上用复数。但若其前加上a pair of,则则用单数。用单数。A pair of shoes lies under the bed.The shoes lie under the bed.family,team,audience,class,club,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public等集体名等集体名词做主语时，如强调整体，谓语词做主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调集体动词用单数形式，如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。eg:(1)Our family were having supper at that time.(2)Our family is a big one.D.单复数同形名词如单复数同形名词如sheep,deer等，据上下文判断其单复数。等，据上下文判断其单复数。a.Thesheepthathehasraised_whiteones.a.Thesheepthathehasraised_whiteones.b.b.Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson_Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson_ayoungone.ayoungone.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasA.isB.areC.haveD.hasBA1)当主语为当主语为all时，如指人则谓时，如指人则谓语动词用复数形式；如指物语动词用复数形式；如指物则谓语动词用单数形式；则谓语动词用单数形式；What引导的主语从句看具体引导的主语从句看具体情况而定。情况而定。eg:(1)Lets start the meeting since all are here.(2)All he said is wrong.(3)What he needs is more water.(4)What her father gave her are only some books.2)manya或或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。时，谓语动词多用单数形式。Manyastudent_thefilmnow.A.hasseenB.hadseenC.haveseenD.sawA3)(1)every+n.and(every)+n.(2)each+n.and(each)+n.(3)no.+n.(单数）单数）and (no)+n.(单数）单数）4)代词类如代词类如none,some,any,more,most,以及以及定语从句中的引导词如定语从句中的引导词如which,who,等词的单等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。a.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat_a.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat_gotfullmark.gotfullmark.b.Heisoneofthestudentsthat_gotfullmake.b.Heisoneofthestudentsthat_gotfullmake.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveA.isB.areC.hasD.haveCD5)Apairof5)Apairof的的的的用法。用法。用法。用法。6 6）由）由）由）由what,whowhat,who等引导的主语从句，一般用等引导的主语从句，一般用等引导的主语从句，一般用等引导的主语从句，一般用单数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用单数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用单数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用单数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用and,and,bothandbothand等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语用复数。用复数。用复数。用复数。注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单复数来决定。复数来决定。复数来决定。复数来决定。Whatshegivestomearejustsomebooks.Whatshegivestomearejustsomebooks.HowandwhentostartthejobHowandwhentostartthejobisstillaquestion.stillaquestion.WhathetoldmeandwhathedidWhathetoldmeandwhathedidmakemeforgivehim.meforgivehim.