英语语法教学英语句子概论.pptx

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：3.I shall answer your question after class.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.第1页/共33页三 Translation听到这个消息，Jim 开心地跳了起来。在操场上玩耍的那个男孩是我的哥哥。如果天气好的话我们就去爬长城。大家都认为给小孩想要的任何东西是不明智的。（It is considered unwise）这些年地球正在越变越暖，这使科学家很担心。（同位从）第2页/共33页英语句子概论第3页/共33页nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.第4页/共33页主语不及物动词（S+Vi）主语及物动词宾语(S+Vt+O)主语系动词表(S+LV+Predicative)主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语宾补动词宾语宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.Compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。第5页/共33页句子的附属成分句子的附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定定 语语PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearbyShelikesorangesimported from the USA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，which are full of illustrationsHaveyouseenthebookon the desk?Theboyplaying over thereismybrother.第6页/共33页John often came to chat with meWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryAs he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.状状语语第7页/共33页Examples:Oh！Whatisthat！（惊叹词）Hehas，alas，failedagainComehere，John（呼语）Rollon，Ocean，rollon句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分第8页/共33页（You）Come here Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as,if (he does)not(run)faster,than you.(I)Hope you like it.句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分第9页/共33页连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。连接成分连接成分第10页/共33页两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。Thebossis flyingtoParis.Hissecretaryis flyingtoParis.The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Thebossis flyingtoRome.Hissecretaryis not flyingtoRome.The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.Thebossmay be flyingtoBerlin.Hissecretarymay be flyingtoBerlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.Thebossis not flyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisnt flyingtoYork.Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主语、谓语、宾语的合并第11页/共33页两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。ImetJane.Imetherhusband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.Itwascold.Itwaswet.Itwascold and wet.IdidntmeetJane.Ididntmeetherhusband.Ididntmeet eitherJane orherhusband.ImetneitherJanenor herhusband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。Wesang allnight.Wedancedallnight.Wesang and dancedallnight.主语、谓语、宾语的合并第12页/共33页并并列列句句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidntcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidntcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didntcatchathing.第13页/共33页并并列列句句常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,andthenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror,neithernor第14页/共33页并并列列句句并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。主语谓语宾语连词主语动词表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。主谓状（方式）连主谓表Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.主谓宾连主谓地点I ve got a cold,so I m going to bed.主谓宾宾补连主谓宾They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.第15页/共33页Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismothersskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.Hemadeapromise,butHedidntkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismothersskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.第16页/共33页由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复复合合句句第17页/共33页复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.定语从句5.状语从句6.同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句宾语从句2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句第18页/共33页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Idontknowhim.Hehasfinishedhisworkthathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.宾语从句HeisleavingforWashington.thatheisleavingforWashington.whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingforWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.whetherheisleavingforWashington.第19页/共33页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句thepeople surprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语Thathedidntknowtheanswerintheroom.定语whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.第20页/共33页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句That is thefact.表语whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.第21页/共33页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Heworkedinthatfactory threeyearsago.地点状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhereIlivedwhenhelivedthereHisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.Helivedtherethreeyearsago.第22页/共33页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Putthebook onthedesk.whereyoutookit.whereitwas.地点状语whereyoufoundit.第23页/共33页指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice第24页/共33页用所给连词连接句子。Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.Practice第25页/共33页Illgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.（时间）Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.（结果）Wellgotothegreatwall.Itsfinetomorrow.(条件)Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步）Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Wellgotothegreatwallifitsfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.IllgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.第26页/共33页PracticePractice第27页/共33页二、选择填空：()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here now C.The man who is here now D.The man is here now()2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold()3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter第28页/共33页()5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.deaded()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked()10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.where第29页/共33页1.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since2.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it3.Wasit8oclock_youheardsomeone_atthedoor?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.that;knockingD.that;knock4.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_theexhibitionwasheld?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that第30页/共33页5.-Wouldyoutellme_youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how6.Atlastthesoldiersreached_thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one7.Theartcenteris_usedtobeafactory,_millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which第31页/共33页8.Iamashamed,sir,thatIwastedthemanyhours_Ishouldhavestudiedinclass.A.whileB.asC.onceD.when9.Teachersshouldcreateanenvironment_childrenaretaughthowtosolveproblemsoflearningbythemselves.A.why B.whereC.whichD.whose10._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto?A.WhenwasitthatB.WhenhasC.HasD.Had第32页/共33页感谢您的观看！第33页/共33页