高中英语阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测.ppt
Company nameCompany slogan here词义猜测型解题技巧阅读理解峨山一中峨山一中 蔡立蔡立Guessing-word skillsCompany nameCompany slogan here阅读理解命题特点：主旨大意题主旨大意题观点态度题观点态度题推理判断题推理判断题词义猜测题词义猜测题事实细节题事实细节题Company nameCompany slogan here1.We can learn from the underlined part that (06辽宁)2.The underlined word”it”in paragraph refers to (2011 湖南、福建等)3.By saying,the author means to say that (2011 浙江)4.The underlined sentence in paragraph implies/refers to/means(2011江西、天津等)常见的猜测词义题设问方式Guessing-word skillsCompany nameCompany slogan hereThe word“address”in the second line probably means“_”.The underlined word“spin-off”in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“_”.By“we were all beside ourselves”,the writer means that they all_.猜测词义题目类型Guessing-word skills对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对代词的猜测对代词的猜测对句义的猜测对句义的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测Company nameCompany slogan here例句：His latest invention turned out to be a real cash cash cowcow.He earned lots of money now.注释：“cash cow”意思是“摇钱树；能持续收益的产品或投资”。Guessing-word skillscash cowcash cowLets guessLets guessCompany nameCompany slogan herebanana skin例句：The mayor made a common mistake which is a right banana banana skinskin.Guessing-word skills注释：“banana skin”除了字面意思的“香蕉皮”，还指“某人（尤指政府官员）在公众场合犯的尴尬错误”，就像当众脚踩到香蕉皮，一不下心就滑倒，你说尴尬不尴尬？Company nameCompany slogan hereBean counter 注释：“bean counter”意思是“善于计算的人；只对金钱感兴趣的人”。一般人很难把一堆豆子的数目点算清楚，如果形容一个人是“bean counter”，通常含贬义，说明这个人喜欢把时间花在鸡毛蒜皮的事情上面，并且乐此不疲。例句：My wife is really a bean bean countercounter.She always knows how much I spent on cigarettes.Guessing-word skillsCompany nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsQ2.If you meet the new words when reading,what will you do?Q1.Do you think guessing new words is difficult?Tow Tow questionsquestions?Company nameCompany slogan hereStrategy I:Guessing-word skillsUseful strategies 猜词技巧1.Birds fly with their wings,and they pick up their foods,and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing,seizing,pulling or holding objects.“beak”here means _.a birds mouthCommon sense 常识2.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.“wither”refers to _.dry up and dieCompany nameCompany slogan here(2011陕西)“The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true.”said Bill Christison.What does the underlined word“boost”probably mean?A.control B.evaluate C.obtain D.increase真题演练：Guessing-word skillsCompany nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsLanguage context&Logical Connection1.根据上下文/语境解释作出判断 2.利用逻辑关系进行判断Strategy II:Company nameCompany slogan here（一）根据上下文/语境解释做出判断：其方法主要有：Guessing-word skills1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如：。例如：Barometers are used to measure the pressure of the air in order to help judge probable changes in the weather or to help calculate(计算)the height above sea level.2利用事例或解释猜生词利用事例或解释猜生词。例如：。例如：The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如：。例如：Mr.Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late气压表气压表按时地，准时地按时地，准时地a kind of disease of the eye 青光眼青光眼Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skills4根据同位关系进行判断：根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词连词“or”连接。此外，也可根据定语从句定语从句来进行判断。a），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language b）The Chunnel，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete小结：某些生词的词义往往会在下文下文中得到解释或说明这些解释有时以定义定义 定语从句定语从句 同位语同位语的形式出现;有时用破折号括号冒号引号等符号引出;有时还用that is,that is to say,in other words,or等词语引出 Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skills1.Archaeology is the study of the buried remains（残骸）of ancient times,such as houses,pots,tools and weapons.2.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.3.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.考古学考古学小试身手家禽家禽牧羊人牧羊人Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skills（二）Logical Connection 根据逻辑关系进行判断Mary didnt notice me when I came into the classroom,because she was completely engrossed in his reading.常见的表示因果关系的信号词有:since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,due to,result in,as a result,for this reason,accordinglyTom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.v.全神贯注全神贯注adj.独断专行的独断专行的（根据因果关系）Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsAndrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，however，is quite humble and modest.常见表示转折，对比关系的信号词：but,yet,however,while,whereas(但是,而),otherwise,in spite of,despite,even though,although,though,instead(of),on the other hand,by/in contrast,rather than,on the contrary 目空一切目空一切 的，傲慢的的，傲慢的（根据转折对比关系）Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的 Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skills真题演练真题演练 The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a coveringA good boss can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.The underlined word“adept”means _.A.encouraged B.comparedC.curious D.skillful根据因果关系根据因果关系 根据转折关系根据转折关系Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsStrategy III:Word-formation（复合法，转化法，派生法）1.(05重庆卷)Its true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way place.2.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to picture modern life?3.When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassable river in front of him.（合成形容词）（合成形容词）（词性变化）（词性变化）（词的派生）（词的派生）Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skills常见的前后缀常见的前后缀:在之间超易于的极小的反对后微小一同，一起之前 super-inter-mini-micro-some anti-co-post-pre-Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsnonjudgmentaladj.没有判断力的没有判断力的判断判断 n.判断判断 v.judgejudgmentjudgmentalCompany nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsExercise 1.Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.2.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.3.Jane is indecisive,that is,she cant make up her mind.猜词技巧：构词法及前面所提到的定义释义法-通过定义,定语从句,词组,同位语从句来体现.（动物学家）（动物学家）（没有决定能力的）（没有决定能力的）（社会学）（社会学）Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsConclusion How to guess the meaning of words?常识常识重复信息重复信息对比转折对比转折构词法构词法定义、同位、定义、同位、标点符号标点符号举例归纳举例归纳因果关系因果关系Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsExercise Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeousIt was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest“gorgeous”means“_.”Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.countryside D.houseThe old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的 B.古怪的 C.闲不住 D.动物保护主义者美丽动人的美丽动人的 Company nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skillsExercise(北京卷)It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process.In the last paragraph,“that process”means_.A.analyzing species B.creating a new tool C.collecting data D.describing speciesAlthough he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopCompany nameCompany slogan hereGuessing-word skills1.认真复习今天所学的内容2.完成增分卷最后两张Homework:Company nameCompany slogan hereTHANKS FOR COMING
