【南方新中考】中考英语 第一部分 第8讲 动词的分类复习名师课件 人教新目标版.ppt
第8讲 动词的分类一、选词填空1How long have you _(kept,borrowed)this novel?2Lily _(wears,puts on)a pink dress today.3 Its nice of you to _(cost,spend)so much timeshowing me around your school.4Mike _(turned on,turned off)his computer andwent out to watch TV.5The radio _(tells,says)that there will be anotherheavy rain in Guangdong.Too bad.It has rained for the whole week.kept wears spend turned off says 二、完成句子,每空一词1这些甜饼尝起来很好。我可以再多吃一些吗?The cookies _ _.Could I have some more?2.我们班现在有五十多个学生。There _ more than 50 students in our class now.3我认真听了听,可什么也没听见。I_ carefully but I _nothing.4每天步行去上学要花我半小时。It_ me half an hour to _ _ school onfoot every day.5我的车坏了,所以得坐公共汽车上班。My car is broken,so I_ _ go to work by bus.taste good are listened heard takes go to have to 年份考点题型2014动词短语的辨析(keep in touch with,take out,keep on)情态动词(can)动词的辨析(control,smile)动词的用法(make/earn,arrive)单项填空 34;完形填空 50,53单项填空 37完形填空 48,52短文填空 73,742013动词短语的辨析(look over,come upwith,take away)情态动词(cant)动词的辨析(share,accept)动词的用法(save,watch/see)单项填空 34;完形填空 47,48单项填空 37完形填空 52,54短文填空 73,782012情态动词(can,mustnt)动词短语的辨析(turn up,think about,take away)动词的辨析(buy)动词的用法(know,hand)单项填空 34单项填空 41;完形填空 46,50完形填空 47短文填空 72,76再现中考情态动词题1(2014 年广东)_ you come with me to LangLangs piano concert this evening?Id love to,but I have to study for my math test.AShouldCMustBMayDCan点拨选D。根据答语可知,问句表示请求,应用 can。题2(2013 年广东)Someone is knocking at the door.Is itAnn?It _ be her.She is giving a performance at thetheatre now.A.mayCcantBmustDmustnt点拨选C。may 可以,可能;must 一定,必须;cant 不可能,不能,表示可能性;mustnt 一定不要,表绝对禁止。根据句意“有人正在敲门。是安吗?”“不可能是她。她现在在剧院里演出。”可知选C。题3(2012 年广东)_ I swim here?Im sorry.Children _ swim alone here.AMust;cantCCan;mustntBMay;mustDCant;can点拨选C。由“Im sorry.”可知孩子们是“不准”在这儿游泳的,故选 C,意为“不准,不应该,不允许”。动词的辨析题1(2014 年广东)This time Mike could not _48_ hisanger.He shouted at her.48A.showBleaveCcontrolDdiscover点拨选C。由下文“He shouted at her.”可知迈克这次不能“控制”怒气了,故选 C。题2(2013 年广东)“Now,”said the coach,“go and_52_ them with the boy who stole your biscuits.”52A.shareBchooseCdivideDfill点拨选A。固定短语 share.with.意为“和分享”,故选A。题3(2012 年广东)One morning,his parents gave him somemoney to _47_ some milk for them.Outside a shop he saw.47A.lendCdrinkBbuyDborrow点拨选 B。lend 意为“借出”;buy 意为“买”;drink意为“喝”;borrow 意为“借给”。由后句“Outside a shop.”可以推断他去商店是为父母“买牛奶”,故选 B。动词的用法题(2014 年广东)“I had thought it was easy to _73_money in America,”he told me.“But when I _74_ in LosAngeles,I realized it was not true.点拨73.填 make/earn。make/earn money 挣钱,为固定短语。74填 arrived。arrive in 到达。动词短语的辨析题1(2014 年广东)I will miss my family when I goabroad for further study this autumn.Dont worry.You can _ them by e-mail.Acome up withCmake friends withBget along withDkeep in touch with点拨选D。come up with 意为“想出”;get along with 意为“与相处”;make friends with 意为“与交朋友”;keep in touch with 意为“与保持联系”。由 by e-mail 可知是表示通过邮件“保持联系”,故选 D。题2(2013 年广东)Again and again the doctor_ thecrying baby girl,but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.A.looked overClooked forBlooked afterDlooked out点拨选A。look over 意为“仔细检查”;look after 意为“照顾,照料”;look for 意为“寻找”;look out 意为“小心,当心”。根据句意“医生反复仔细检查这个一直哭的女婴,但是他不能找出她到底哪里不舒服。”可知选 A。题3(2012 年广东)I love this song by Lady Gaga.Would you_ the TV a bit,please?I cant hear it clearly.Aturn onCturn upBturn offDturn down点拨选C。turn on 打开;turn off 关上;turn up 调大;turndown 调小。根据“I cant hear it clearly.”可知,是要求把电视的音量“调大”,故选 C。动词可以按照其含义及它们在句中的功能分成四类:连系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。连系动词连系动词又叫系动词,它不能直接作谓语,后面常跟形容词(作表语)构成系表结构表达完整的意义。常见的系动词有:be,become,get,turn,grow,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep,seem,remain,stay,come,fall,go 等。如:He looked very excited.他看起来很兴奋。Roses smell sweet.玫瑰闻起来很香。Its getting colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。注意:系动词没有被动语态,且一般不能用于进行时态。典题分析题(2014 年安徽)Mum,what are you cooking?It_ so sweet.A.tastesCsoundsBfeelsDsmells点拨选D。taste 尝;feel 感觉;sound 听;smell 闻。句意:妈妈你在煮什么啊?闻起来好香。故选D。实义动词实义动词又叫行为动词,它表示事物的动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。它可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。及物动词后面需跟宾语才能使其意义完整,如 like,make,clean,love等。不及物动词本身意义就完整,不能直接跟宾语;如果要跟宾语,则要与介词搭配,如 come,go,leave,laugh,listen,run,swim,stand 等。如:I am reading an interesting book.我正在看一本有趣的书。(及物动词)He is running.他正在跑步。(不及物动词)The boy is listening to music.这个男孩正在听音乐。(不及物动词)注意:有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,但意义不同。如:The crops grow well in the field.地里的庄稼长得很好。(不及物动词,表示“生长”)The old man grows vegetables in his garden.这个老人在园子里种菜。(及物动词,表示“种植”)常见的既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词的动词有:beat,close,open,start,drive,play,speak,sing,wake,win,stop,cook 等。典题分析题(2012 年菏泽)As one of the school rules,middle schoolstudents are not_ to smoke.AorderedCallowedBrefusedDforbidden点拨选C。order 命令;refuse 拒绝;allow 允许;forbidden被禁止的。句意:作为学校的一项制度,中学生不允许吸烟。be not allowed to do 意为“不(被)允许做某事”,故选C。助动词助动词本身没有任何实际的意义,必须和实义动词连用,帮助构成疑问句、否定句以及各种时态、语态、语气等。常见的助动词有:be(am,is,are,was,were),do(does,did),have(has,had),will,would,shall,should 等。其中 do,have 也可作实义动词。情态动词情态动词本身具有一定的意义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气、态度以及请求、愿望等。它没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)。常见的情态动词有:can,could,may,might,must,should,would,need等。用法例句can表示能力,意为“能,会”,否定式为 cant,过去式为 couldCan you dance?你会跳舞吗?Yes,I can./No,I cant.是的,我会。/不,我不会。表示请求、许可,意为“可以”,此时与 may 同义Can/May I borrow yourumbrella?我 能 借 你 的 雨 伞用吗?表示客观可能性或推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中It cant be Mary.She has goneto the library.那 不 可 能 是 玛丽,她已经去了图书馆。1can 的用法用法can意为“能、会,可以,可能”,只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could),没有人称和数的变化be able to意为“能,能够”,可用于各种时态,有人称和数的变化注意:(1)can 与 be able to 的区别(2)could 在下列情况下不表示过去时态:提出委婉的请求时,could 比 can 客气、委婉,但在回答时不可用 could。如:Could I have a look at the bracelet?我可以看一看这个手镯吗?Yes,you can./No,you cant.是的,可以。/不,不行。在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时,相当于 might,表示“可能,也许”。如:He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。用法例句may表示请求、许可,意为“可以,允许”,比 can 正式,常用于肯定句、一般疑问句中May I take a seathere?我可以坐这里吗?表示可能性较小或把握性不大的推测,意为“可能,也许”,常用于肯定句,有时也用于否定句He may help you.他也许会帮你。2.may 的用法注意:以May I 开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用“Yes,youmay.”“Yes,please.”“Certainly./OK./Sure.”等;否定回答可用“No,you cant.”“No,you mustnt(不可以)”“Please dont.”等。用法例句must表示“必须,应该”,在陈述句中带有有义务、有必要的主观意愿或命令、要求的语气,在疑问句中则表示询问对方的意见。否定式 mustnt 表示“禁止,不准,不允许”I must study hard.我必须努力学习。Must I hand in my compositiontoday?我今天必须交作文吗?You mustnt smoke here.你不准在这儿吸烟。表示非常肯定的猜测,意为“一定,准是”,只用于肯定句The book has Johns name on it.Itmust be his.这本书有约翰的名字在上面。它肯定是他的。以 Must sb.开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答用“Yes,sb.must.”;否 定 回 答 用“No,sb.neednt.”或“No,sb.dont/doesnt haveto.”Must I finish it today?今天我必须完成这项工作吗?No,you neednt./No,you donthave to.不,你不必。/不,你没必要。3.must 的用法用法例句must意为“必须”,表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观思想意识上的必要,无人称和时态变化;在否定结构中,mustnt 表示“禁止,不准”He said he must work hard.他说他必须努力学习。(主观意识中“他认为”必须)have to意为“必须,不得不”,后接动词原形,表示客观实际的需要,有人称和时态变化;在否定结构中,dont have to表示“不必”My bike was broken,so Ihad to walk to schoolyesterday.昨天我的自行车坏了,所以不得不走路去上学。(“自行车坏了”是客观情况,所以不得不)注意:must 与 have to 的区别4.need 的用法need 意为“需要”,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句和否定句中,否定式为 neednt,表示“不必”。作实义动词时,后接 to do 或名词,即:need/dontneed to do sth.或 need sth.;当主语是物时,用 need doing 表示被动的含义,相当于 need to be done。如:Need I go there?我需要去那里吗?I dont need to buy a new backpack.(作实义动词)I needntbuy a new backpack.(作情态动词)我不必买新书包。The trees need watering.(主动形式表被动)The trees needto be watered.这些树需要浇水。5should 的用法should 意为“应该”,表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称;否定式为 shouldnt。如:You shouldnt give up.You should try your best.你不应该放弃,你应该竭尽全力。6had better 的用法had better 意为“最好”,否定式为 had better not,表示劝告、忠告,后接动词原形。如:We had better let him go.我们最好让他走吧。Youd better not play soccer near the road.你最好不要在公路边踢球。典题分析题1(2014 年重庆B 卷)The man is feeling much better now,so you _ call a doctor.A.needntCmustntBcantDshouldnt点拨选A。根据前面 better 可知句意应该是“不必(neednt)去请大夫”,故选A。题2(2014 年长沙)Whos singing in the garden?It _ be Mr.Brown.He always practices singing atthis time.AmustBcantCneed点拨选A。由答语的第二句可知“一定(must)是布朗先生”。cant 表示“不可能”;need 表“需要”;均不符合语境。故选A。题3(2013 年安徽)You _ drive your car so fast.Itsvery dangerous.AwouldntCcouldntBshouldntDmightnt点拨选B。wouldnt 不会;shouldnt 不应该;couldnt 不能;mightnt 不可能。由句意“你不应该开车这么快,很危险。”可知选B。题4(2012年常州)Dick,_ I use youre-dictionary?Yes,please._ you give it to Mike after you use it?Awill;WouldCcan;CouldBmay;MightDshall;Should点拨选C。选项中 will 和 shall 一般用于将来时态;向别人请求许可可用can,may。根据语境可排除 A、D 两项。might语气较弱,疑问句中表示请求一般不用 might,而用could,can或 may。故选C。短语动词常见的短语动词的构成方式有以下几种:1动词介词。如:hear of 听说talk to/with 和交谈worry about 担心get to 到达look at 看一看look for 寻找listen to 听(某人或某物)wait for 等候think of/about 思考talk about/of 谈论speak to 与通话arrive in/at 到达look after 照顾look like 看起来像hear from 收到的来信ask for 要求2动词副词。如:dress up 打扮put up 建造send up 发射take down 拿下at up 吃完pick up 捡起take away 拿走write down 记下give up 放弃ring up 打电话move away 搬走put down 放下turn up 调大(音量等)turn down 调小find out 发现sell out 卖完try out 试验take out 取出wear out 穿破;磨破try on 试穿put on 穿上turn on 打开turn off 关上take off 脱下give back 归还get back 取回look over 检查think over 仔细思考注意:这类短语动词在接宾格代词作宾语时,必须将其放在动词和副词之间。如:take it away,put them down,turn it off,try them on 等。3动词副词介词。如:look forward to 期待stay away from 远离典题分析题1(2013 年泰州)Its too hard for me to be a trailwalker.Never _.Believe in yourself!Aput upChurry upBgive upDlook up点拨选B。put up 意为“张贴,建造”;give up 意为“放弃”;hurry up 意为“快点”;look up 意为“查阅(字典等)”。根据后半句句意“相信你自己!”可知选B。题2(2013 年福州)Mum,where are my socks?Under your bed.You should _ your things.Aput onBput downCput away点拨选C。put on 穿上;put down 放下,写下;put away放好,收拾。由句意:“妈妈,我的短袜在哪儿?”“在你床下,你应该收拾好你的东西。”可知选C。题3(2012 年日照)Never _ todays work tilltomorrow.Yes.Its a good habit.Aput offCput upBput onDput down点拨选A。put off 推迟;put on穿上;put up挂起;put down放下。根据句意“决不可把今天的事情推迟到明天做。”可知选A。固定用法一些动词的固定用法经常出现在考题中,需要特别记忆。如:finish doing sth.完成做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事mind sb.(s)doing sth.介意某人做某事stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(另一件)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(某事已完成)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(某事尚未做)used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事典题分析题(2012 年六盘水)My parents enjoy _ for a walkafter supper.AgoCto goBgoesDgoing点拨选D。enjoy doing sth.为固定用法,意为“喜欢做某事”,故选 D。1arrive,get to,reach这三个词都有“到达”之意。(1)arrive 和 get 是不及物动词,后面需加介词才能接地点。其中 arrive at小地方,arrive in大地方,get to地点。(2)reach 是及物动词,后面直接加地点。即景活用(1)I got _ the village last month.(2)Well arrive _ Shanghai tomorrow morning.(3)When did you arrive _ the station?(4)Please call me when you reach _ Changsha.to in at/2take,bring,fetch,get(1)take 指从说话者所在的地方把某人(物)“带去”(单程)。(2)bring 指从别处把某人(物)带来说话者所在的地方(单程)。(3)fetchget,指从某地到别处把某物拿来(双程)。即景活用(1)Next time dont forget to _ me a copy of yourwork.(2)He likes these art works in this town very much,so hewants to _ them to his country when he leaves.(3)Please _ me the documents in that room.bring take fetch/get 3join,join in,attend,take part in(1)join 指参加某党派、某组织或某社会团体并成为其中的一员,如参军、入党、入团等。(2)join in 指参加小规模的活动,如球赛、游戏等,多用于口语中。(3)attend 是正式用语,指出席或参加会议、仪式,如婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等,强调的是“出席”这一动作本身。(4)take part in 指参加群众性的活动,重在说明主语参加这一活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。即景活用(1)Every excellent player wants to _ the Olympicsand win.(2)His brother _ the army three years ago.(3)The whole class _ to sing the song.(4)I will _ an important meeting tomorrow.take part in joined joined in attend 4tell,say,speak,talk(1)tell 意为“告诉;讲述”,表示告诉某人某事,着重指把一件事情传达给别人,或讲述一个事件、一个故事等,可接双宾语。(2)say 意为“说;诉说”,指用言语表达自己的思想,后接说的内容,常作及物动词,后接名词、代词或从句。(3)speak 意为“说;说话”,用作不及物动词时强调“说”这一动作,而不是指说的内容;作及物动词时通常接某种语言作宾语。(4)talk 是不及物动词,意为“谈话”,指两人或两人以上的一般交谈,与介词 to,with 连用时,意为“与交谈”;与 about,of 连用时,意为“谈论”。即景活用(1)请找李雷听电话,好吗?May I _ _ Li Lei,please?(2)你能用英语说这个单词吗?Can you _ the word _ English?(3)妈妈告诉我不要躺在床上看书。Mum _ me _ _ _ in bed toread.(4)李先生正与布朗太太在交谈。Mr.Li is _ _ Mrs.Brown.speak to say in told not to lie talking with/to 5pay,spend,cost,take(1)pay 意为“付款;赔偿”,主语通常是人,常用结构为:sb.pay some money for sth.或 pay sb.(some money for sth.)。(2)spend 的 主 语 通 常 是 人,常 用 结 构 为:(sb.)spendmoney/time on sth.或(sb.)spend money/time(in)doing sth.。(3)cost 的主语必须是物,常用结构为:sth.cost(sb.)somemoney。(4)take 表示“占用,花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语it 或物,常用结构为:It/sth.takes sb.some time to do sth.。即景活用(1)They _ two years building the bridge.(2)How much money did you _ for the jacket?(3)It _ him three hours to finish his homework.(4)The car _ me lots of money.spent pay took cost 6borrow,lend,keep(1)borrow 表示从别人那里借来东西,即“借进来”。常用的搭配是 borrow sth.from sb.。borrow 表示的是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(2)lend 表示把自己的东西借给别人,即“借出去”。常用的搭配是 lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.。lend 与 borrow 一样,表示的也是一个瞬间完成的动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)keep 也可意为“借”,但侧重指借来后的保存或使用阶段,表示借用一段时间,因此可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。即景活用(1)我们经常从学校图书馆借书。We often _ books _ our school library.(2)谢谢你把自行车借给我。Thank you for _ _ your bike.Thank youfor _ your bike _ me.(3)这本书我才借了一星期。I _ _ this book for only one week.borrow from lending metolendinghave kept 7dress,wear,put on,be in(1)dress 意为“给穿衣”,只用于表示穿衣服,不用于表示穿鞋、戴帽子等,宾语为人。(2)wear 表示“穿,戴(衣物、鞋、帽、饰物等)”,强调“穿着”的状态。(3)put on 意为“把穿上”,强调“穿”的动作。(4)be in 表示“穿着,戴着”,后接颜色或衣物,强调状态。即景活用(1)Please _ the children right now.(2)John is _ white today.(3)The girl is _ a pair of glasses.(4)Its cold.Youd better _ your coat.dress in wearing put on 8happen 与 take place两者均意为“发生”,都是不及物动词,不能用于进行时态和被动语态。(1)happen 常指具体事件的发生,特别是那些偶然的或未能预见的事件的“发生”,此时主语为“事”;还可表示“碰巧;恰好”之意,此时主语为“人”。(2)take place 通常指“(某事)按计划进行或发生”,还可表示“举行某种活动”。即景活用(1)He _ to know the place.(2)Great changes are _ in the city.(3)Has anything _ to him?(4)The meeting will _ next Friday.happens taking place happened take place 9look,see,watch,read(1)look 强调“看”的动作,是不及物动词,后接宾语时要加介词 at。(2)see 强调“看”的结果,意为“看见”,是及物动词,可用于短语 see sb.do/doing sth.(看见某人做过/正在做某事)。(3)watch 意为“观看,注视”,强调过程,常用于表示看电视、球赛等。(4)read 意为“读,阅读”,常用于表示看书、看报、读信件等。即景活用(1)I _ a bird in the tree just now.(2)The teacher told us to _ at the blackboard.(3)All the students are _ the football match carefully.(4)Li Lei is _ the letter from his parents.saw look watching reading 1、了解面对逆境,远比如何接受顺境重要得多2023/3/272023/3/271:11:58 PM。2023/3/272023/3/27Monday,March 27,20232、一般的伟人总是让身边的人感到渺小Monday,March 27,20231:11:58 PM3/27/2023 1:11:58 PM13:11Mar-23。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/2023 1:11:58 PM3、2023/3/27Mar-2327-Mar-234、昨天是张退票的支票27-Mar-231:11:58 PM13:112023/3/272023/3/272023/3/27Monday,March 27,20235、积极人格的完善是本,财富的确立是末27-3月-23。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/20236、昨晚多几分钟的准备3/27/2023 1:11:58 PM27 三月 20232023/3/272023/3/272023/3/277、每一发奋努力的背,必有加倍的赏赐2023/3/27三月 232023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/3/272023/3/2727 March 20239、要及时把握梦想,因为梦想一死3/27/2023 1:11:59 PM。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/272023/3/2710、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。3/27/2023 1:11:59 PM2023/3/2727-3月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。3/27/2023 1:11 PM3/27/2023 1:11 PM2023/3/272023/3/27谢谢大家谢谢大家1、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始,才能找到成功的路2023/3/2713:112、成功源于不懈的努力,人生最大的敌人是自己怯懦。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/2023 1:11:59 PM3、每天只看目标,别老想障碍Monday,March 27,2023。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/27Monday,July 19,202127-Mar-234、宁愿辛苦一阵子,不要辛苦一辈子2023/3/27。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/27Monday,March 27,20235、积极向上的心态,是成功者的最基本要素2023/3/27。2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/272023/3/273/27/20236、生活总会给你另一个机会,2023/3/271:11:59 PM2023/3/272023/3/272023/3/277、人生就像骑单车,想保持平衡就得往前走21:19:482023/3/272023/3/273/27/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/3/272023/3/2727 March 20239、我们必须在失败中寻找胜利Monday,March 27,20232023/3/2710、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。3/27/2023 1:11:59 PM2023/3/2727-3月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。3/27/2023 1:11 PM3/27/2023 1:11 PM2023/3/272023/3/27谢谢大家谢谢大家