初中现在完成时讲解与练习.pptx

nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时 一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作到现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生在发生在过去却对现在造成的过去却对现在造成的影响影响第1页/共31页过去分词的构成过去分词的构成 1.1.直接加直接加-ed-ed。如：。如：play-playedplay-played 2.2.以字母以字母e e结尾的直接加结尾的直接加d d。如：。如：name-namedname-named 3.3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的，变结尾的，变y y为为i i加加eded。如：。如：carry-carriedcarry-carried 4.4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed-ed。如：。如：stop-stoppedstop-stopped第2页/共31页1)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees.He has just come back.They have built many buildings in this city.现在完成时的用法第3页/共31页2)表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someone has broken the window.(窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet.(不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands.(手是干净的)常与常与already(已经已经),yet(已经已经),just(刚刚刚刚),ever(曾经曾经)等词连用等词连用.already:常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑问句尾疑问句尾.第4页/共31页在在 以以 上上 两两 种种 用用 法法 中中 常常 跟跟 already,notyet,never,just,before,ever,recently等时间继续下去的状语。等时间继续下去的状语。第5页/共31页3)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born.Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+时间段 since+时间点,since+句子第6页/共31页since用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。)I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)第7页/共31页现在完成时Presentperfect 句型1.肯定句“主语+have（has）过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。.疑问句have（has)+主语+过去分词（回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）”）.否定句：主语+“havent（hasnt）过去分词”。第8页/共31页Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.第9页/共31页Ihavenot(havent)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasnt)seenthefilm.现在完成时的现在完成时的否定否定形式：形式：havenot(havent)+过去分词过去分词hasnot(hasnt)+过去分词过去分词Ihaventeatensupper.eat-eatenHehasntchangedhisidea.change-changedMe-come否定句第10页/共31页1.Ive already had dinner.I _ _ dinner _.2.He has just finished his homework.He _ _ his homework _.3.Mums cooked the dinner.Mum _ _ the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasntcookedhasnt learned把下列句子改为否定句把下列句子改为否定句第11页/共31页Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has提前提前+过去分词过去分词HaveyouknownSandyforalongtime?Yes,Ihave/No,Ihavent.know-knownHassheeatenanythingsince9:00a.m.Yes,shehas/No,shehasnt.eat-eaten疑问句第12页/共31页1.Ive already had dinner.2.He has just finished his homework.3.Mums cooked the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改为一般疑问句把下列句子改为一般疑问句第13页/共31页（for+表示一段时间的词组，表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）组）谓语只可用谓语只可用延续性延续性动词动词.eg.-Ive lived here for 15 years.eg.-Ive lived here since 15 years ago(1990)选用选用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince第14页/共31页注意注意:瞬间动词瞬间动词不能不能和和时间段时间段连用连用.瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy第15页/共31页method 1:动作动作 状态状态die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演）be married be in be dead第16页/共31页1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick 参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.Nick has been in the army for 3 years.He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.I have kept the book for 4 months.第17页/共31页method 2:It is+时间段时间段 since+一般过去时的句子一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick 参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.It is 2 years since his grandpa died.It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.It is 4 months since I borrowed the book.第18页/共31页1.He died 10 years ago.-He has been dead for 10 years/since 10 years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.-He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.-He has had the motorbike for a month.4.He arrived here three days ago.-He has been here since three days ago.5.They turned on the light 2 hours ago.-The light has been on for 2 hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)第19页/共31页6.He left here 2 years ago.-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.10.He joined the army last year.-He _ _ a _ for a year.-He _ _ _ the army for a year.-It _ a year _ he joined the army.第20页/共31页6.He left here 2 years ago.-He has been away from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film has been on for 30 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago.-The door has been open for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago.-The door has been closed for an hour.10.He joined the army last year.-He has been a soldier for a year.-He has been in the army for a year.-It is a year since he joined the army.第21页/共31页现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）第22页/共31页2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week，ago,in1990,in October,just now,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past few years,recently,-模糊的时间状语第23页/共31页He has gone to Shanghai.他(已经)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较 have/has been to have/has gone to第24页/共31页He went to Shanghai last week.他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别第25页/共31页动词填空：动词填空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we_(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(come)here?Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome第26页/共31页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride)a horse?Never.9.He _(keep)the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept第27页/共31页1.Ive already had dinner.2.He has just finished his homework.3.Mums cooked the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.Whathaveyoualreadydone?Whathashejustdone?Whohascookedthedinner?WherehasSusanlearnedEnglish?对划线部分提问对划线部分提问第28页/共31页练习题:1.Itsalongtimesincewe_(meet)last,isntit?2.-Iknowyou_(choose)apicturebookamongthese.-Yes,Havealookatit,please.3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople_(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4.Myfather_homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCA第29页/共31页Good-bye!第30页/共31页谢谢您的观看！第31页/共31页