初中英语总复习完形填空解题技巧.pptx

一、一、完形填空的特点是什么？完形填空的特点是什么？完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。第1页/共24页二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？（一）（一）从文章结构看1.首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。2.短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。第2页/共24页二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？（二）从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次1.句子层次的设空例：(2007年中考英语试卷完形填空四选一保留原题号)I90youwereverybusythenhelpingyourfriendgetreadyforherweddingIamsureitwasasuccess.A.remember B.explainC.hopeD.expect答案：A指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。第3页/共24页二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？2.句群层次的设空前制性设空后制性设空指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目/下文某处有提示。第4页/共24页二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？前制性设空例：ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadto_infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!A.writeB.speakC.singD.dance后制性设空例：1).Nobody_himinthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,“Iknowyoudontlikeme”A.believedB.likedC.hatedD.knew2).Countrymusiccomesfrom_kindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.manyB.allC.twoD.threeBBC第5页/共24页二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？3.语篇性设空IworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoorinHaiti.RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweek,hopingto1himachievedallIdexpected.Soonhewillcelebratehis18thbirthday.Hewillbeaman.(最后一句话)()1.A.comfortB.pleaseC.attractD.educateD指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。第6页/共24页三、真题演练(2009上海中考试卷完形填空)Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents.Oneminutetheyrefriendly,thenextminutetheyreshoutingandscreamingloudlyenoughforthewholestreettohear.Sowhomakesthemso85?You,probably!Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff,rememberto86.Getintothehabitoftakingglassesandplatesdowntothekitchen.Beforelongyoullbedoingitwithoutthinking.Eventhoughyoumaynotrealizeit,yourparentshaveboughtyoumanyclothes.Buttheyrenotbuyingthemselvesnewthingseveryweek,arethey?Thesimpletruthisthattherearemore87thingstospendmoneyon,liketheelectricitybillandfood.Youmayhatemissingapartytovisitsomeboringoldrelatives.Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbabyyouwere.Youhavenochoicebuttolisten.Evenifyou88,yourparentswontchangetheirminds.Parentsliketoshowofftheirfamily.Thebestthingyoucandoistohelpentertainyourrelatives.Yourparentswillbesopleasedwithyouafterwardsthattheyllprobablyallowyoutogotothenexttwo89.第7页/共24页三、真题演练Youmightnotwanttoeat,butthinkofitfromtheparentspointofview.Ifyoucooktwomealsaday,itmeans730mealsayear.Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget?Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyourenotreallyhungry.90,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyouarenteatingenough.Eatfewersnacksandleaveroomforyourmeals.Finally,offerto91afterthemeal.Youroffermaynotbeaccepted,butyourparentswillbepleased.()85.A.friendlyB.lonelyC.changeableD.comfortable()86.A.hangthemupB.leavethemaloneC.putthemonD.throwthemaway()87.A.interestingB.difficultC.importantD.surprising()88.A.agreeB.complainC.listenD.win()89.A.concertsB.meetingsC.classesD.parties()90.A.InadditionB.InreturnC.AtmostD.Atlast()91.A.dothecookingB.laythetableC.buysomesnacksD.washthedishesCACBDAD第8页/共24页三、真题演练解析：85.（前制性设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会令你感到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以，本题答案为C。86.（句子层次的设空）青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如，在家脱衣后应该及时挂 上。B项leavethemalone表示“让它们独自留下”；C项putthemup表示“把他们穿上”；D项throwthemaway表示“把它们扔掉”，以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hangthemup正是“把衣服挂上”的意思，所以答案为A。87.（后制性设空）家长会给孩子买许多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购物，那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事情上，所以答案为C。88.（前制性设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍又一遍地唠叨你 小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳恭听（Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbabyyouwere.Youhavenochoicebuttolisten.）显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们仍不以为然（yourparentswontchangetheirminds.），所以本题答案为B。第9页/共24页三、真题演练解析：89.（前制性设空）如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。90.（语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体（Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyourenotreallyhungry.,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyou arenteatingenough.）。根据文章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答案为A。91.（前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间（Eatfewersnacksandleaveroomforyourmeals.）。饭后也要提出帮助父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们可以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项dothecooking表示“煮饭”，B项laythetable表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buysomesnacks与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。第10页/共24页四、解题技巧点拨（一）_。（二）_。（三）_。细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心第11页/共24页五、实践演练(1)(2008上海中考试卷完形填空)WhenIwasfifteenIwenttoasummercamp.Therewerelotsofgreat90buttherewasonethingIwasreallyscared(害怕)about:climbingthewall.Thewallisakindofrockthatpeopleusetolearnhowtoclimb.Itisverytall.Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall,butIknewIcouldntgettothetopbecauseIam91heights.IwasashamedandIdidntwantanyonetoknowthatIwasscared.Ithoughttheywouldalllaughatme.Ipracticedmyexcuse:“Imnotscared,youknow,Isuffer from vertigo(患眩晕症).”Thedaycame.Itwastimetoclimbthewall.Thesunwasshiningbuteveryonewasveryquietthatmorning.Itookphotographsatthebottomofthewallandtriedto92.Everyoneinthegroupwentup.Thenthemomentcame.Itwasmyturn.IwassoscaredthatallIcouldthinkaboutwasmyexcuse.Someonesaid,“ShallItakeyourcamera?”andIanswered,“Imnotscared,youknow.Isufferfromvertigo”.The93wasthatIwasmorethanscared,Iwas terrified(吓坏了).Thecampleadersaid,“Dontworry,youdonthavetodoanythingyoudontwanttodo.”Iwassurprised.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone94.第12页/共24页五、实践演练(1)Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown,95theotherswatching.AlthoughIwasstillverynervousIagreedandclimbedslowlytothetopwithhishelp.IwasstillshakingwhenIcame96,butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo.Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.()90.A.activitiesB.operationsC.accidentsD.exams()91.A.pooratB.goodatC.afraidofD.fondof()92.A.goB.hideC.appearD.run()93.A.truthB.situationC.storyD.reason()94.A.jumpedB.cheeredC.smiledD.laughed()95.A.withB.withoutC.amongD.behind()96.A.inB.outC.upD.downACBADBD第13页/共24页五、实践演练(1)解析：90.阅读文章可知，作者15岁时去参加夏令营，参加了许多很棒的活动，但是有一件事令他很害怕，那就是攀岩，所以答案为A。91.那墙是人们用来学习攀岩的，但作者知道他爬不到顶部因为他有恐高症（Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall,butIknewIcouldntgettothetopbecauseIamheights），所以答案为C。92.尽管怕，活动的日子还是到了。作者在墙脚下拍了照片后试图躲藏起来，所以答案为B。93.但是还是轮到作者攀岩了，他极其害怕，但他对同伴们说自己并不害怕，这是因为患有眩晕症的缘故，事实上他内心简直是吓坏了（andIanswered,“Imnotscared,youknow.Isufferfromvertigo.”ThewasthatIwasmorethanscared,Iwasterrified.），所以答案为A。第14页/共24页五、实践演练(1)解析：94.队长见到此景，告诉他不必勉强攀岩，这使作者十分惊奇，周围的人是如此地通情达理，没有人强求他做什么，也没有人嘲笑他（Thecampleadersaid,“Dontworry,youdonthavetodoanythingyoudontwanttodo.”Iwassurprised.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone），所以答案为B。95.第二天，队长问他是否想在没有人观看的情况下单独尝试一下（Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown,theotherswatching.），所以答案为B。96.作者在队长的帮助下终于慢慢地爬到了墙顶，当他下来的时候仍然浑身发抖，但是成就感使他感到十分的高兴和宽慰（Iagreedandclimbedslowedtothetopwithhishelp.IwasstillshakingwhenIcame,butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo.Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.），所以答案为D。第15页/共24页五、实践演练(2)(2010上海中考试卷完形填空)Everydaycarskillorhurtmanypeopleonroads.Sometimesthedriversdrivetoofastordonot,drivecarefullyenough.Someofthem85thetrafficrulesandcauseaccidents.Accordingtosomeresearches,itisusuallythepedestrians(行人)whocausetheaccidents.Alotofroadusersareverycareless.Theywalkorrunacrosstheroads86thecars.Theywalkintheroadsbutnotonthewalkways.Theygetintooroutofcarsinthemiddleoftheroad.Somedonottakethetroubleto87thegreenlightsandsimplycrosstheroadsagainsttheredlights.Manypeoplethinkaccidentsoftenhappeninbusyroadsinlargecities,butthisisnotalwaystrue.88,Tokyoisoneoftheworldslargestcitiesandprobablyoneofthebusiestcities;however,thereare89accidentstopedestrians.Thereasonisthatthepolicethereareverystrictandthepedestriansareverycareful.Pedestriansnevercrossagainstaredlightandthey90followtrafficrules.第16页/共24页五、实践演练(2)Doyouknowalcohol（酒精）isanothermaincauseoftrafficaccidents?Itdelayspeoplesresponse.Thosewhohavedrunkalcoholare91inmakingdecisions.Theyneedafewmoresecondsto react（反应）.Alcoholdrinkingisespeciallydangerousformotorcardrivers.Itisnotonlydriverswhomayhaveaccidentsafterdrinking.Drunkenpedestriansmayputtheirlivesin dangeraswell.85.A.makeB.breakC.followD.remember86.A.attheendofB.inthecentreofC.ontopofD.infrontof87.A.turnonB.worryaboutC.waitforD.pointout88.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.BythewayD.Ontheotherhand89.A.fewB.manyC.enoughD.some90.A.evenB.neverC.almostD.always91.A.slowB.activeC.interestedD.excited答案：85.B86.D87.C88.B89.A90.D91.A第17页/共24页五、实践演练分析句子结构，根据句意逻辑关系，选出正确答案。1.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.A.aslongas B.whileC.ifD.eventhoughC根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案。2.LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs.Twoweekslater,littleTomfoundsomechicks_outoftheshells.A.walkedB.ranC.jumpedD.struggledD第18页/共24页六、家庭作业Cartoonfilmshaveveryfewlimits(限制).Ifyoucandrawsomething,youcanmakeit1onthecinemascreen.Theuseofnewideasandmoderncomputerprogramsmeansthatcartoonsarebecomingexcitingagainforpeopleof2ages.By1970,thecinemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren.Butsoonafterthat,oneortwofilmmakershadsomenewideas.Theyprovedthatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothgrown-upsandchildrencouldenjoythem.(1)第19页/共24页六、家庭作业However,5cartoonfilmwassuccessful.The Black Cauldron,forexample,failed,mainlybecauseitwastoo6forchildrenandtoochildishforgrown-ups.Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake,andthencartoonswerewelcomedbybothchildrenandgrown-upsand7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsofmoney.()1.A.arriveB.stayC.standD.move()2.A.someB.eitherC.allD.both()3.A.neverB.onlyC.stillD.already()4.A.possibleB.difficultC.completeD.interesting()5.A.noteveryB.noneofthe C.eachD.neitherofthe()6.A.interesting B.popularC.relaxingD.frightening()7.A.onceB.howeverC.againD.also(1)DCBAADC第20页/共24页六、家庭作业ThenameofDanielWilliamshasbeenknowntotheblackpeopleintheUnitedStatesformanyyears.Hebecamea1inChicagoin1883.Aftergraduating,hetaughtatNorthwesternUniversitysmedicalschool.HewasaskedbythepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GroverCleveland,togotoWashington,D.C.,toheadtheFreedmensHospital.Itwasoneofthefewhospitalsforblacksinthecountry2.HewentbacktoChicagotohelptosetupProvidentHospital.3itopened,Chicagosblackdoctorscouldnotpracticeinhospitals.Theyhadtotreatpatients4,sooperationswereperformedonbedsandkitchentables.Dr.WilliamsalsohelpedtosetupatrainingschoolinChicagoforblacknurses.(2)第21页/共24页六、家庭作业In1893heoperatedonamanwhowasdyingfromastabwoundintheheart.Suchawoundhadalways5death.ButDr.Williamstriedtosavetheman.6X-rayorbloodtransfusions(输血),heopenedthemanschestandsewed up(修补)hisheart.Everythingwentonwellwiththebold(大胆的)operation.Theman7.()1.A.headmasterB.manager C.doctorD.nurse()2.A.atthattimeB.inthepastC.amomentagoD.justthen()3.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.Assoonas()4.A.intheofficeB.intheschoolC.intheuniversityD.athome()5.A.shownB.explainedC.meantD.described()6.A.AccordingtoB.InsteadofC.BecauseofD.Without()7.A.diedB.livedC.becamestrongD.gotbadlyhurt(2)CABDCDB第22页/共24页Thank you!第23页/共24页谢谢您的观看！第24页/共24页