第五组西方文化.pptx
The Great Depression Brief Introduction Causes Process Effects第1页/共42页Brief Introduction Time:19291930s or early 1940s Start:the falling in the stock market Stock market crash Hallmark Event(标志性事件):the Black Tuesday第2页/共42页Black Tuesday第3页/共42页Causes Great Economic Recession (经济大衰退)Breakdown of international trade Debt deflation(债务紧缩)Productivity shock第4页/共42页Process The Black Tuesday Mellon pulled the whistle,Hoover rang the bell,Wall Street gave the signal and the country went to hell.“梅隆拉响汽笛，胡佛敲起钟。华尔街发出信号，美国往地狱里冲!”Herbert Clark Hoover第5页/共42页The New DealThe New Deal is a series of economic programs3 Rs:relief,recovery,and reform.Relief for the unemployed and poor;Recovery of the economy to normal levels;Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.Franklin Delano Roosevelt第6页/共42页World War II and RecoveryGreat Depression ended with the advent of World War II.Americas entry into the war in 1941 finally eliminated the last effects from the Great Depression and brought the unemployment rate down below 10%.第7页/共42页Effects Keynesian(凯恩斯主义)Economic nationalism(名族主义)Totalitarianism(极端主义)-Nazi Party Adolf Hitler&Benito Mussolini(贝尼托墨索里尼,indirectly lead to the World War II Unemployment increasing Great hardships of the common people Literature第8页/共42页LiteratureRealismEscapismRepresentative magazines:Readers Digest(读者文摘)Esquire (时尚先生）Representative writers:Ernest Hemingway(海明威)Thomas Wolfe(托马斯沃尔夫)第9页/共42页Influenced by the Civil War(1861-1865)Rejection to the romanticismThe American spiritPrelude:Abolition novel(废奴小说Naturalism第10页/共42页The Features of Realism:Authenticity in detailsTypicality in imageobjectivity in describing ways第11页/共42页The Representative Figures:1、Mark Twain2、William Dean Howells3、Henry James第12页/共42页 Mark Twain(1835-1910):The True Father of American Literature.The representative figure of local literature.His main works:The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnLife on the MississippiInnocents Abroad第13页/共42页William Dean Howells（1837-1920）：-The founder of American literature.-Mild realismThe main works:The Rise of Silas LaphamA Modern InstanceA Hazard of New Fortunes第14页/共42页Henry James(1843-1916):-The founder of psychological realismMain works:The American and Portrait of a LadyDaisy MillerThe AmericanThe Ambassadors第15页/共42页The masterpieces reflecting realism in the Depression:The Grapes of WrathGone with the wind第16页/共42页EscapismEscapismUnwilling to face the realityWhat does escapism mean?Indulge in the past Two main Two main features:features:第17页/共42页GonewiththewindGonewiththewind answerHow does this novel reflect the escapism?Question?Maybe it reflects mainly on Ashley.lets have a look!第18页/共42页ThelifeinthesouthofAmericabeforetheThelifeinthesouthofAmericabeforethecivilwarcivilwarWemustknowthebackgroundfirst!Wemustknowthebackgroundfirst!completecodeofethicscompletecodeofethicsgentlemen,elegantladies,courtesygentlemen,elegantladies,courtesy,luxurious,luxuriouspartiespartiesPeaceful,leisurely,quietPeaceful,leisurely,quiet 第19页/共42页howeverDestroy everything here:their satisfying life,their traditional system of value Capitalism started to overwhelm the south sate of AmericaTwo choices Negative attitude:dont change and indulge in the pastPositive attitude:face the reality,adapt to the new society and make a choice which benefits oneself most 第20页/共42页I have to chose the first one.Why?A typical representative of traditional South America;Puts more value on reputation even than his life;Even he recognized the fate of the South America,that is failure,he still participated in the war to keep his honour.第21页/共42页As the intellectual crisis strengthened day by day,and the sense of tragedy overwhelmed everybodys heart,many people tended to indulge into the memory of the past,recalling the illusional honor and reputation that had been lost.The society after the warHe could only heave a sigh.“My home has been destroyed,my fortune has gone and the world I used to live in has disappeared;my life turn to be useless and senseless.The hardship of the postwar life kept him from recalling the good memory in the past,and the stabbing pain of the true reality that he couldnt stand made him at a loose end.第22页/共42页He said,“I suffered starvation ever and knew the feeling of being hungry,but Im not afraid of this experience.Actually,what Im really afraid of is that Im entering another world,a world where there is no quite and leisurely pace that I used to enjoy.Yeah,what Ashley really worried about is not the poverty in material but the disappointment in spirit.第23页/共42页If you cry when you miss sun,then you will miss stars.You should learn how to forget the past after having experienced so many vicissitudes of life.because tomorrow is another day.第24页/共42页3/28/2023第25页/共42页3/28/2023Antipathy to the warDisappointment to the world Suspicion to the traditional moralitySarcasm to the social situationReflection in literatureInfluence of World War II on American CultureBy writers第26页/共42页3/28/2023Representative figures and worksThe black writersThe Jewish writersplaywrights第27页/共42页3/28/2023Richard Wright Native SonRalph Ellison Invisible man James Baldwin Go Tell It on the Mountain(向 苍 天呼吁)The Fire Next Time第28页/共42页3/28/2023Saul Bellow The Adventure of Augie March Isaac Bashevis Singer Yentl 第29页/共42页3/28/2023Tennessee Williams The glass menagerie Street car named desireArthur Miller Death of a salesman第30页/共42页3/28/2023Native SonNative SonMain character：Bigger Thomas Book Description:Right from the start,Bigger Thomas had been headed for jail.It could have been for assault or petty larceny;by chance,it was for murder and rape.Native Son tells the story of this young black man caught in a downward spiral after he kills a young white woman in a brief moment of panic.第31页/共42页3/28/2023Background:Set in Chicago in the 1930s.an unsparing reflection on the poverty and feelings of hopelessness of the blacks in America.Significance Richard Wrights masterpiece important in Afro-American literature.broke a path for American protest novelsuccessfully portrayed the character,Bigger Thomas,and mercilessly exposed the racial discrimination existing in American society.第32页/共42页3/28/2023The Beat GenerationBackgroundIn the1950sThe great depression and WWIIShortage of materialDevotion to material thingsCorruption,selfishness,hypocrisy(虚伪）commercialization第33页/共42页3/28/2023The Beat GenerationIt is a group of American post-WWII writers who came to prominence(引起重视）in the 1950s,as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired,they were inspired by eastern philosophy and religion and known especially for their use of nontraditional forms and their rejection of conventional social values.第34页/共42页3/28/2023Elements of“Beat”cultureExperimentation with drugsAddiction to alcoholAlternative forms of sexualityAn interest in eastern religionA rejection of materialism(唯物主义）第35页/共42页3/28/2023Representative figures and worksAlan Ginsburge(1926-1997)HowlJack Kerouac(1922-1969)On the RoadJerome David Salinger The Catcher in the Rye William Burroughs(1914-1997)Naked Lunch第36页/共42页3/28/2023On the RoadFreedomIdentity(同一性）Self-realization第37页/共42页3/28/2023Themes of BeatSpontaneous creativityRejection of“square”or conservative societyNon-conformity(不墨守陈规）in generalOpen，unsencored（无拘束的）emotion第38页/共42页3/28/2023Influences on the western cultureSpiritual liberation:gay liberation，black liberation Liberation of the world from censorhipDecriminalization(合法化）of cannabis and other drugsThe evolution of rhythm and blues into rock and roll as a high art form The spread of ecological consciousness 第39页/共42页3/28/2023SummaryThe Great DepressionRealismEscapismPostwar voicesThe Beat GenerationWorld War II第40页/共42页第41页/共42页感谢您的观看！第42页/共42页
