2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模英语试题含答案.docx

北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测一英语2023. 3（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch. My company, like many companies, had 1 costs by not replacing people as they left. The survivors had to take up the work. For me and my co-workers, this meant no lunch hour. I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt 2 . Then a conversation with a six-year-old girl changed my 3. The young girl was standing in line with her mom at the supermarket. “Good day at school?” I asked. A nod. “What's your favorite subject?”“Lunch. ”I smiled. That had been my 4 too. At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine. But what happened to lunch time now?I knew I was entitled to a lunch break at work. So I decided to 5 it. Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to 6 the area. A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field. At the beginning of my tours during lunch, I received some 7 stares from my co-workers, but I chose to ignore them. In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to 8 their work during lunch. 9 , we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work. I'm still looking for a new position, but with less anxiety than before. If we can't change our 10, we can change our attitude. 1.A. countedB. cutC. paidD. raised2.A. trappedB. fearfulC. shockedD. hurt3.A. workB. wayC. viewD. plan 4.A. decisionB. explanationC. secretD. answer5.A. takeB. makeC. findD. stop6.A. exploreB. measureC. developD. identify7.A. innocentB. determinedC. sympatheticD. unpleasant8.A. carry onB. take overC. put asideD. go through9.A. GenerallyB. GraduallyC. AccidentallyD. Obviously10.A. strategiesB. circumstancesC. responsibilitiesD. principles第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AMy son Zack suffered from autism （自闭症）when he was two. Watching a movie together was an important routine for us. On an ordinary spring day, we were enjoying one of his favorite movies that he 11 （see） many times before. I took his hand as usual. Suddenly he stood up and wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. You could imagine 12 excited I was. Although it was just a hug, it meant a lot to me, 13 （fill） me with great joy. BThis year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, 14 theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It 15 （carry） out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year's book exhibition presented the newest and 16 （fine） Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era. CChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology 17 （create） by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a 18 （nature） and conversational way. ChatGPT has shaken the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it's far 19 perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it_20（train） using data from 2021 and before. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Economic and Social Council （ECOSOC） Youth Forum is an annual initiative of the President of the Council. It has developed into a key platform where young people can contribute to policy discussions at the United Nations （UN）. This year's Youth Forum will take place from 25 to 27 April, 2023. ·ObjectivesThe Forum aims to engage young people in a dialogue with Member States, policymakers and other actors to voice their views and inspire actions on how to transform the world into a better place guided by the Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs）. Participants will also have the opportunity to contribute to the preparatory process of the SDG Summit. The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the full implementation （实施）of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development It will also review progress in the areas of affordable and clean energy, and sustainable cities and communities, ete. · FormatThe three-day event will feature plenary （全体出席的）sessions and regionally based discussions, with the last day designed for the preparation of the 2023 SDG Summit. Talented youth speakers will deliver short presentations in between sessions. Participation in the Forum is by invitation only. The youth participants are selected by National Youth Councils, regional youth organizations, etc. The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation. Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media. · The voices from last year's participants2022 Forum Participants' Takeaway!"The Youth Forum gave me the opportunity to discover the skills required to master public speaking. The time management is challenging but we finished all tasks even with a tight schedule. ”2022 Forum Participants' Advice!“Using sources the team provides will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of completing tasks. I also strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone's different opinions from an objective point of view. ”21. The ECOSOC Youth Forum 2023 will _.A. discuss the global recovery issueB. select the youth leaders for the UNC. set goals for sustainable developmentD. gather young people to build a platform 22. According to the passage, the young participants can _.A. register to join in the Forum personallyB. give brief speeches in plenary sessionsC. take part in the event online and offlineD. attend the SDG Summit after the Forum23. What is the advice from2022 participants?A. To be willing to consider various voices. B. To make time arrangements a top priority. C. To master public speaking skills in advance. D. To be efficient with the help of policymakers. BI was four when Dad first showed me how to skim stones, a game in which one throws smooth flat stones into a river to make them jump across the surface. Id pass hours on beaches with my brother, picking up muddy stones and skimming them. It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided （滑行），brought me fantastic feelings-and still does. I was a competitive child and good at throwing. I enjoyed javelin （标枪） and was on a baseball team, but skimming stones was just for fun. In adulthood, things changed. In August 2017, an advertisement for the All England Open Stone Skimming Championships drew my attention. I signed up and paid £2 for three stones. I skimmed 28 metres and tried again and again, buying more stones to feed my desire, finally reaching 37 metres-which won me third place. I drove home excitedly, and £ 20 lighter. I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion. Walking on to the small throwing platform in my trainers, I threw a decent 44 metres and won. I spotted someone wearing a competition sweater with “World” written across it. “Where's that?” I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland. It was a month away and a six-hour drive. I thought about the cost and distance for weeks until, the day before the contest, the feeling of winning made a decision for me. “I'm going. ”I arrived at a hotel at 10 pm, but couldn't sleep for nerves and excitement. Early the next morning, I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begun waiting. Ropes and buoys （浮标）marked a 63-metre couarse. I had no idea if my best score was good enough to win. When my name was called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon, I was overjoyed. I was the women's world champion. I'm a big believer in giving things a go. I'm 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn't wasted. 24. What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child?A. The competitiveness of the sport. B. The outstanding ability at throwing. C. The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings. D. The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach. 25. What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship?A. Her discipline. B. Her desire to win. C. Her confidence. D. Her efforts on training. 26. What can we conclude from the passage?A. Take it easy in face of challenges. B. Change the world by being yourself. C. A bigger stage is ready for those who try. D. Either I will find a way, or I will make one. CClown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherous journey. After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish's sense of smell. My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor （气味），they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor， they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn't recognize the meaning of them. It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reef's northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away from their protective home. Can fish adapt? Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge. At a minimum, confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising water temperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish's minds. 27. What does the underlined word “treacherous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Risky. B. Hurried. C. Mysterious. D. Helpless. 28. What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A. They lost their senses to chemical signals. B. They were less likely to respond to threats. C. Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild. D. They tended to seek the protection from their home. 29. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author's study confirms previous findings. B. Fish's adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time. C. Different fishes behave differently to acidity change. D. The chances of restoring fish's minds are yet to be seen. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B. What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C. How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D. How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?DA snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean? Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream1 up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center. The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company. In the past 60 years, something strange has happened. As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor, but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s. John Fernald, an economist, points out that the notable exception to the post-1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology-information technology. John Fernald says, “It's possible that productivity took off, because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave. ”Actually, the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT. But where will the next technology shock come from?Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities-invention and innovation. Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs, while innovation is an invention put to commercial use. Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof. They tend to thrive in opposite conditions; while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation, invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit. Allowing well-funded and diverse teams to try to