英语十六种时态总结.docx

英语十六种时态总结 英语 语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。下面是我为你带来的英语十六种时态总结 ，欢送阅读。 一、 一般现在时 1.概念：表示常常发生的状况；有规律消失的状况；总是发生的；和事实真理。 2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month），once a week(day, year, month），on Sundays（on Mondays ）， 3.根本构造：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否认形式：主语 + am/is/are + no t + 其他； 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时复原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，复原行为动词。 6.例句：It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮忙别人。 Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 二、 一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.根本构造：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词 4.否认形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他；在行为动词前加didnt，同时复原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时复原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.那些天她常常来帮忙我们。 I didnt know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。 三、 一般将来时 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、规划或预备做某事。 2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year），soon, in a few minutes, by，the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.根本构造：主语 + am/is/are + going to + do + 其它；主语 + will/shall + do + 其它 4.否认形式：主语 + am/is/are not going to do ；主语 + will/shall not do + 其它 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。首字母大写 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 四、 一般过去将来时 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：The next day (morning , year），the following month(week），etc.1 3.根本构造：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否认形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do; 主语 + would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他其次天要去北京。 I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。 五、 现在进展时 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进展的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen 3.根本构造：主语 + be + doing + 其它 4.否认形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 6.例句：How are you feeling today你今日感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。 六、 过去进展时 1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进展的行为或动作。 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.根本构造 主语+was/were +doing +其它 4.否认形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写） 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。 七、 将来进展时 1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进展的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开头，并连续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、恳求等。 2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.根本构造：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它 4.否认形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它 5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。 He wont be coming to the party.他不去参与聚会了。 八、 过去将来进展时 1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进展的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。 2.根本构造：should/would + be + 现在分词 3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来由于要开会。 九、 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开头，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.根本构造：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 4.否认形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。 6.例句：Ive written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。 十、 过去完成时 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month），etc. 3.根本构造：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 4.否认形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词） + 其它 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。 By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。 根本构造：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 确定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 否认句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 + 一般疑问句 十一、 将来完成时 1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开头的动作或状态 2.时间状语：by the time of; by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来） 3.根本构造：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。 十二、 过去将来完成时 1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。 2.根本构造：should/would have done sth. 3.例句：I thought youd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.他告知他们他会在8点以前干完。 十三、 现在完成进展时 1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开头始终连续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开头，也可能仍在连续，并可能连续到将来。 2.根本构造：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。 4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。 The children have been watching TV since six oclock.从6点起，孩子们始终看电视。 十四、 过去完成进展时 1.概念：表示某个正在进展的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，始终持续到之后的当前才完毕。 2.根本构造：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它 3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前始终患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time他们期盼这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 4.特别含义：尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完） 企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它） 未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们始终致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解） 最近状况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近） 反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他始终问我一样的问题。（屡次） 心情：What had he been doing？他做了什么？（不耐烦） 十五、 将来完成进展时 1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开头始终连续到将来某一时间。是否连续下去，要视上下文而定。 2.根本构造：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。 If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。 十六、 过去将来完成进展时 1.概念：表示从过去某时看至将来某时以前会始终在进展的动作。 2.根本构造：should/would + have + been +现在分词 3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告知我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。 主动语态和被动语态 被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被清扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在进展时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。 They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去进展时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修建。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 在教师来之前，教室尚未清扫。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。 The project will have been completed before May.该工程将在五月前完成。 9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要常常浇水。 Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应当现在就改正你的错误。 The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。 Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。