专四语法虚拟语气.pptx

TEM4九大常考语法点：1.1.虚拟语气2.2.非谓语动词3.3.定语从句4.4.状语从句5.5.名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）6.6.情态动词7.7.反义疑问句8.8.时态9.9.一些特定功能词汇的用法（much,more,such,much,more,such,anything but,enoughanything but,enough等）1第1页/共49页虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood2第2页/共49页虚拟语气概要：1.1.现代英语中有三种语气：现代英语中有三种语气：1）陈述语气（indicative mood）2）祈使语气（imperative mood）3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）2.定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可不可能发生能发生或可能性比较小可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。3第3页/共49页3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2题，总计有24题。4年年份份0202 0303 0404 0505 0606 0707 0808 0909 1010 1111 1212 1313 1414 1515 合合计计题数21334 42 21 11 11 11 11 12 21 11 12424第4页/共49页1.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.3.If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.4.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反看例句，总结虚拟语气结构第5页/共49页5.If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it,if we planned it properly.7.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实相反第6页/共49页虚拟条件句结构表7时间时间IfIf条件句条件句条件句条件句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 动词的过去式动词的过去式(be(be为为were)were)Would(should)+Would(should)+动词动词原形原形与过去事实相反与过去事实相反动词的过去完成式动词的过去完成式(had+(had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)Would(should,could,Would(should,could,might)+have+might)+have+动词动词的过去分词的过去分词与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 1.1.动词的过去式（动词的过去式（be be 为为werewere）2.were+2.were+不定式不定式3.should+3.should+动词原形动词原形Would(should,could,Would(should,could,might)+might)+动词原形动词原形第7页/共49页一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1:Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,she_ much better results now.（2008:52）A.would be gettingB.could have gotC.must get D.would getB注：注：省略省略if倒装，时态用过去完成时；主句的时间副词倒装，时态用过去完成时；主句的时间副词是是now，但是事实上该考试成绩已经出来了，所以但是事实上该考试成绩已经出来了，所以用用B。8第8页/共49页一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例2:_ you _ further problems with your printer,contact your dealer for advice.（2005：63）A.If,had B.Have,hadC.Should,have D.in case,hadC9第9页/共49页一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气1.be动词动词were提到从句主语的前面。提到从句主语的前面。Were I you,I would take an umbrella with me.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，should there be a sudden loud noise.10第10页/共49页一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气2动词动词should/had提到从句主语的前面。提到从句主语的前面。Should I have time,I would call her.Had I known it,I have told youHad the damage been worse，the insurance company would have paid more.11第11页/共49页一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气练习：练习：1:_ right now,she would get there on Sunday A.Would she leaveB.If she leavesC.Were she to leave D.If she had leftC12第12页/共49页2:_ before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party A.Had they arrivedB.Would they arriveC.Were they arriving D.Were they to arriveD13第13页/共49页二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：If you explained the situation to your solicitor,he _ able to advise you much better than I can.（2005:51）A.would beB.will have beenC.was D.wereA14第14页/共49页例例2：If only the patient_ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.（2007:54）A.had received B.received C.should receive D.were receivingA第15页/共49页二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构：结构：16与过去事实相反与过去事实相反动词的过去完成式动词的过去完成式(had+(had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)Would(should,could,Would(should,could,might)+have+might)+have+动词动词的过去分词的过去分词第16页/共49页二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气Examples:uIf I had left a little earlier,I would have caught the train.uIf I hadnt taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.uShe would have come,if she hadnt been so busy.17第17页/共49页二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气练习：练习：1.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A.werent B.hasnt beenC.hadnt beenD.wouldnt beenC18第18页/共49页二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气【补充】【补充】混合虚拟式混合虚拟式，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。*If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning,I would not be wet now.*If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the film last night.19第19页/共49页三.考点分类-It is(high,about,the)time真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：-“What courses are you going to do next semester?”-“I dont know.But its about time _ on something.”（2002：51）A.Id decide B.I decidedC.I decide D.Im deciding20第20页/共49页例例2：That was not the first time he _ us.I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.(2005：60)A.betrayed；take B.had betrayed；tookC.has betrayed；took D.has betrayed；takeB注意：当句子里面有序数词（注意：当句子里面有序数词（first/second/third.）,副词副词only或最高级或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。如，成时态。如，This is one of the most interesting books Ive ever read.21第21页/共49页三.考点分类-结构“It is(high,about,the)time.”中的虚拟语气 在句型在句型“It is(high,about,the)time.”虚拟语气虚拟语气中的谓语动词通常用中的谓语动词通常用过去式过去式或者或者should+V.指现在或将来的情况，表示指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该做某事了早该做某事了”。22第22页/共49页三.考点分类-结构“It is(high,about,the)time.”中的虚拟语气Its the time the children learned how to behave properly.Its about time people took notice of what women did during the war.23第23页/共49页练习练习：1.Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.A.stopped B.had to stopC.shall stopD.stopA24第24页/共49页真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.(2004:46)A.hand in B.would hand in C.have to hand inD.handed inA四.考点分类-几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构25第25页/共49页例例2：Which of the following sentence contains subjunctive mood.(2013:54)A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oclock.B.She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead,and dont turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.A26第26页/共49页1 1表表示示主主观观判判断断、推推测测和和表表示示命命令令、决决定定、要要求求、建建议议之类的词的相关从句中。之类的词的相关从句中。一个坚持：一个坚持：insistinsist两个命令：两个命令：order,command order,command 三个建议：三个建议：advise,suggest,proposeadvise,suggest,propose五个要求：五个要求：demand,require,request,desiredemand,require,request,desire，askask除除 此此，还还 有有 begbeg（请请 求求），consentconsent（同同 意意），determinedetermine（决决意意），decidedecide（决决定定），deservedeserve（值值得得提提 起起），expectexpect（期期 望望），intendintend（打打 算算），maintainmaintain（主主张张），movemove（移移动动），orderorder（命命令令），preferprefer（情情愿愿），recommendrecommend（劝劝告告），resolveresolve（决决意意），urgeurge（极力主张），（极力主张），votevote（提议）（提议）。四.考点分类-几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构27第27页/共49页(a)宾语宾语从从句句：He suggested that we(should）take notes while listening to the lecture.In the past men generally preferred that their wives(should)work in the home.28第28页/共49页(b)部部分分上上述述动动词词名名词词形形式式的的同同位位语语从从句句：（包包括括necessity必必要要性性，pray恳恳求求，preference偏偏爱爱，plan计划，计划，idea主意等）主意等）He put forward the suggestion that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life29第29页/共49页(c)部分上述动词名词形式的表语从句部分上述动词名词形式的表语从句：His suggestion was that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.30第30页/共49页(d)部部分分上上述述动动词词名名词词形形式式的的主主语语从从句句：（另另:It is arranged that）It was suggested that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.It was arranged that they（should）leave the following week31第31页/共49页2“It is形容形容词+that从从句句”结构构中中。这些形容些形容词分分别为：advisable（适（适当当的），的），adamant（坚定不移的），定不移的），appropriate（适（适当当的），的），better（较好的），好的），desirable（向往的），（向往的），essential（必要的），（必要的），imperative（迫切的），（迫切的），Important（重（重要的），要的），insistent（坚定的），定的），incredible（难以置信以置信的），的），keen（渴望的），（渴望的），natural（自然的），（自然的），necessary（必要的），（必要的），obligatory（规定的），定的），possible（可能的），（可能的），preferable（更可取的），（更可取的），probable（可能的），（可能的），strange（奇怪的），（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的），迫的），vital（极极其重要的）。其重要的）。32第32页/共49页例句：例句：It is desirable that the agreement be signed before MayI dont think it advisable that he(should)be assigned to the job since he has no experience at all.33第33页/共49页3“It is a pityshameno wonderones wishthat从句从句”结构中。如：结构中。如：It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.词汇：词汇：conceit v.&n.自负自负、幻想、幻想conceive v.怀孕、构想怀孕、构想deceive v.欺骗、行骗欺骗、行骗34第34页/共49页4以以lest,in case,for fear that（以以免免）引引导导的的目目的状语从句的状语从句。如：。如：*You should exercise vigilance lest you should be killed.*Take your coat in case it（should）rain词汇：词汇：vigilance vidilns n.警戒，警觉警戒，警觉 35第35页/共49页真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例3：The opening ceremony is a great occasion.It is essential _ for that.（2003,47）A.for us to be prepared B.that we are preparedC.of us to be prepared D.our being preparedA四.考点分类-几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构36第36页/共49页真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例例1：If it _ tomorrow,the match would be put off.（2013:63）A.was to rain B.were to rainC.was rainingD.had rainedB五.考点分类-与将来事实相反的虚拟语气37第37页/共49页If she were to marry Jack,she would be happyIf it should rain again,what else could I do？If it snowed tomorrow,I shouldwould stay at home.五.考点分类-与将来事实相反的虚拟语气38第38页/共49页练习：练习：1.If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.A.shall need B.should needC.would needD.will needBauthorized dealer：授权经销商；认可交易商：授权经销商；认可交易商五.考点分类-与将来事实相反的虚拟语气39第39页/共49页六、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；六、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish+宾语从句宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(had done)would/could/might+V.shouldI wish I were a bird.(现在现在)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.(过去过去)We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.(未来未来)第40页/共49页2）would rather that-现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：I would rather you paid me now.(现在现在)I would rather you had gone,too.(过去过去)Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.(未来未来)过去时过去时过去完成时第41页/共49页3）as if/though+从句从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时He looks as if he were drunk.They talked as if they had been friends for years.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.第42页/共49页4）without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。(but for要不是要不是)Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.第43页/共49页5）If only(要是要是就好了就好了)If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!第44页/共49页虚拟条件句结构表45时间时间IfIf条件句条件句条件句条件句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 动词的过去式动词的过去式(be(be为为were)were)Would(should)+Would(should)+动词动词原形原形与过去事实相反与过去事实相反动词的过去完成式动词的过去完成式(had+(had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)Would(should,could,Would(should,could,might)+have+might)+have+动词动词的过去分词的过去分词与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 1.1.动词的过去式（动词的过去式（be be 为为werewere）2.were+2.were+不定式不定式3 3.should+.should+动词动词原形原形Would(should,could,Would(should,could,might)+might)+动词原形动词原形第45页/共49页练习：1.Mary wishes her husband_(come)back a bit earlier from the office.Hes always late for diner.答案：came2.She says shed rather he _(leave)tomorrow instead of today.答案：left3.It is about time the police_(do away with)gambling.答案：did away with4.Suppose/Supposing I _(do)what you asked.What would have become of be?答案：had done5.If only I _(can)get something to do.答案：could第46页/共49页 1.Our teacher suggested that each of us_(make)a study plan for the new term.答案：make2.If I _(be)in your place,I wouldnt accept her invitation.答案：were3._(she be)to leave tomorrow,she would arrive there next Monday.答案：Were she 4.She behaves as though she _(do)it better than us.答案：did5.Without your advice,I _(may get)into trouble.答案：Might have got第47页/共49页End pageThe EndThe EndThanks for your attention!48第48页/共49页谢谢您的观看！第49页/共49页