初中英语语法介词连词.pptx

介词是一种用来表示介词是一种用来表示词与词词与词,词与句词与句之之间的关系的词。间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子在句中不能单独作句子成分成分。介词后面一般有。介词后面一般有名词、代词名词、代词或或相相当于名词的其他词类当于名词的其他词类，短语短语或或从句从句作它作它的宾语。的宾语。介词的含义介词的含义第1页/共51页什么是介词？它的作用是什么？什么是介词？它的作用是什么？什么是介词？它的作用是什么？什么是介词？它的作用是什么？1.Look atat me.()2.He goes to school byby bike.()3.He is interested inin drawing.()4.The book is onon the desk.()代词代词名词名词 动名词动名词 介词介词:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。名词名词代词代词代词代词名词名词名词名词动名词动名词动名词动名词关系关系第2页/共51页介词的主要分类：介词的主要分类：介词的主要分类：介词的主要分类：1.at the cinema,in the hospital _2.Write with a pen,go by bus _ 3.in summer,on Septemper 1st _4.by the way,at last,in the end _地点介词地点介词方式介词方式介词时间介词时间介词固定搭配固定搭配第3页/共51页一一一一.地点介词地点介词地点介词地点介词1.at the village,at home,at the corner of the street._2.in Shanghai,in the country,in Asia,in the world,in space _3.in the box,on the chair,under the desk,next to Kate,on the right of Lucy,in front of the house,behind the door _表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词第4页/共51页填上正确的地点介词填上正确的地点介词：1.1.在广州在广州 _ Guangzhou _ Guangzhou 2.2.在电影院在电影院 _ the cinema_ the cinema3.3.在湖边在湖边 _ the lake _ the lake 4.4.在海里在海里 _ the sea_ the sea5.5.树上的苹果树上的苹果 apples _ the treeapples _ the tree6.6.书上的小鸟书上的小鸟 birds _ the treebirds _ the tree7.7.在天空上在天空上 _ the sky_ the sky8.8.在教室外在教室外 _ the classroom_ the classroom9.9.在农场上在农场上 _ the farm_ the farm10.10.在街道上在街道上 _ the street_ the streetinatbyinonininoutsideonin第5页/共51页二二二二.方式介词方式介词方式介词方式介词1.write with a pen,cut with a knife,lock with a lock _2.see with our eyes,do with our hands,smell with our noses,eat with our mouths _3.in English,in French,in your own words,in three language _4.in a loud voice,in a low voice _5.in this way,by this means _使用工具用介词使用工具用介词 withwith使用器官用介词使用器官用介词 withwith使用语言用介词使用语言用介词 inin使用声音用介词使用声音用介词 inin使用方法用介词使用方法用介词 inin或或 byby第6页/共51页6.by bike,by bus,by train,by plane,by ship,by car(on foot)by land 陆路，by sea 水路，by air 空运 _ 但：但：on the bike,on the bus,on the train,on the plane,on the ship,in the car7.Shanghai lies _the east of China.()Japan lies _the east of China.()Hubei lies _the north of Hunan.()8.in a read coat,the girl in yellow,the boy in white _9.lie in bed,after a while,in the sun（在阳光下）under the sun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用使用交通工具用 bybyintoon在中国内部在中国内部在中国外部在中国外部两地接壤两地接壤表示穿衣服用表示穿衣服用 inin固定搭配固定搭配()()第7页/共51页三三三三.时间介词时间介词时间介词时间介词1.at six oclock,at noon,at that time,at half past three,at mid-night _2.on Sunday,on New Years Day,on March 21st,on my birthday _3.in three days,in a week,in a month,in May,in 1998 _4.in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening _ 但：on the morning of May 1st5.at night=_ _ night6.in the day=in the _表示点钟或具体一点时间用表示点钟或具体一点时间用 atat表示在某一天用表示在某一天用 onon表示大于一天的时间用表示大于一天的时间用 inin在早上在早上/下午下午/傍晚傍晚 用用 ininintheday-time第8页/共51页later单独使用可用将来时或过去时态Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后来，再过些时候7.具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间在放假期间 _the holiday _the holiday 在圣诞节期间在圣诞节期间 _ Christmas _ Christmas 三天之后三天之后 three days _ three days _（一般过去时）（一般过去时）_ three days _ three days（一般过去时）（一般过去时）_ three days_ three days（一般将来时）（一般将来时）duringlateratafterin注意注意注意注意第9页/共51页 在岁时 _ the age of 有时 _ times/sometimes 开始,在起初 _ the beginning of 此刻 _ the/this moment=now 在结尾,在尽头_ the end of 例如 _ example=such_ 代替 instead _ 到的时候 _ the time=when 从到 _ 在户外,在野外 _ the open air atatatatatforofbyfromtoinas四四.固定搭配的含介词的词组固定搭配的含介词的词组:第10页/共51页 相邻，靠近 next _ 遍及 all_ 将来 _ the future 由于,幸亏 thanks _ 过了一会儿 _ a while 在地球上 _ the earth 到底、究竟_ earth 下课/放学/下班后 _class/school/work 展出 _ show 值日 _ duty 独立,单独 all _ oneself 令(某人)惊讶 _ ones surprisetointoafteronafterononbytooveron第11页/共51页arrive _/_a place find _（发现，找到）get on/along _ be afraid _ sth.hand _(上交）hand _(分发）be angry _ sb.be angry _ sth.be strict _ sb.be strict _ sth.be ready _ be full _=be filled_be good _=do well _ be busy _ sth.be late _ be interested _eat _ give _(放弃）grow _ inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinatoutwithinwithin第12页/共51页常用易混淆介词辨析常用易混淆介词辨析常用易混淆介词辨析常用易混淆介词辨析after/in皆可表示时间在之后，其区别为：after.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgooutforawalkaftersupper.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgotoschoolintwoweeks.第13页/共51页between/among1)1)betweenbetween 多指多指两者两者之间。如：之间。如：Whats the Whats the difference between the two words?difference between the two words?2)2)amongamong 指指三者或三者以上三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在在中间，在中间，在之中之中”。如：。如：The young people lived and worked The young people lived and worked among the workers.among the workers.注意：注意：注意：注意：我们可以说我们可以说between you and mebetween you and me，但不能说，但不能说 between you and Ibetween you and I，因为，因为betweenbetween是介词。是介词。3)3)betweenbetween还可以用来指还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用。三个或三个以上的名词用andand连接，前面用连接，前面用betweenbetween，而不用，而不用amongamong。如：。如：There is not much There is not much difference difference between the three of thembetween the three of them.Switzerland lies _ France,Ger-many,Austria Switzerland lies _ France,Ger-many,Austria and Italy.and Italy.betweenbetween第14页/共51页aboveoveronbelowunderaboveaboveoveroverunderunderononBe careful,there is a heavy box_ your head.Be careful,there is a heavy box_ your head.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.There are some stamps _ the desk.There are some stamps _ the desk.The little mouse is _ the table,so it is not easy to The little mouse is _ the table,so it is not easy to find it.find it.The temperature will stay The temperature will stay _ _ zerozero in the day time in the day time，but but at night it will fall at night it will fall _ _ zero again.zero again.白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。下。下。下。overabove onunderbelowbelowbelowbelowaboveabove第15页/共51页in front ofin front of 表示表示“在某人或某物的前面在某人或某物的前面”，在某，在某个范围个范围以外；以外；in the front ofin the front of 表示表示“在在的前部的前部”，在某个，在某个范围以内范围以内例如：例如：There are some tall trees There are some tall trees in front ofin front of the the building.building.在楼前有一些高树。在楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting The teacher is sitting in the front ofin the front of the the classroom.classroom.老师坐在教室前面老师坐在教室前面infrontof,inthefrontof第16页/共51页表示表示 在在上上 时，不是都用时，不是都用onon，有时须用，有时须用inin。在树上在树上在树上在树上inthetreeinthetree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。用于指树上的鸟、人等。onthetreeonthetree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上在墙上在墙上在墙上inthewallinthewall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。onthewallonthewall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在报纸上在报纸上在报纸上在报纸上inthenewspaperinthenewspaper用于指报上的内容。用于指报上的内容。onthenewspaperonthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。in,on第17页/共51页be made ofbe made of 从成品上看得出的材料从成品上看得出的材料be made frombe made from从成品上看不出的原料从成品上看不出的原料be made inbe made in产地产地 be made bybe made by制造者制造者be made up ofbe made up of由由组成，由组成，由构成构成be made into be made into 被制成被制成Eg:Eg:It is said that this kind of cloth It is said that this kind of cloth is made ofis made of silk and silk and it it is made inis made in China.China.据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。制造。This wine This wine is made fromis made from grapes.grapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。这酒是葡萄酿的。This machine This machine is made byis made by Uncle Wang.Uncle Wang.这机器是王伯伯制造的。这机器是王伯伯制造的。The article The article is made up ofis made up of four parts.four parts.这篇文章有四部分组成。这篇文章有四部分组成。FlourFlour（面粉面粉）can be made intocan be made into bread.bread.bemadeofbemadeof、bemadefrombemadefrom、bemadeinbemadein、bemadebemadebyby、bemadeupofbemadeupof、bemadeintobemadeinto第18页/共51页1.Weusuallyhavelunch_noon.2.LinTaowasborn_February18th.3.Annsits_myright,_Katesleft.Shesits_us.4.Myfatherisleaving_Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_eachother.atatononononononbetweenbetweenforforfromfrom用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空practice第19页/共51页6.Theywent_thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_ourhands.8._theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_theothers.9.Bekind_people.Dontshout_people.10.Lastmonthheworked_ateacher_threeweeks.throughthroughwithwithAtAtwithwithtotoatatasasforforpractice第20页/共51页1.There is a good play_TV this evening.A.on B.by C.in 2.How far is it _ Guangzhou_Beijing?A.fromto B.fromfor C.awayto3.Japan lies _the east of China.A.to B.in C.on4.Mr.Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in5.A:What time did you get there this morning?B:_ eight.A.In B.At C.On6.We all agree _you.Lets start at once.A.to B.for C.withAAACBCpractice第21页/共51页7.He is rich _ unhappy.A.or B.and C.so D.but8.Paper is made_wood.A.from B.of C.by D.in9.The basket is full_apples.A.with B.of C.in D.by10.Kate cant come.Lets ask wei Hua instead_her.A.of B.for C.to D.with11.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time.A.to B.from C.on D.for D DA AB BA AB Bpractice第22页/共51页12.Take a rest _ you finish the work.A.before B.after C.until D.while13.You cant pass the exam,_ you study hard.A.if B.of C.unless D.and14._our team tried best,_ we failed.A.Though,but B.Because,so C.If,and D.Though,/15.Dont get off _the bus stops.A.when B.after C.until D.soB BD DC CC Cpractice第23页/共51页16.My aunt arrived here _a warm spring morning.A.in B.at C.on17.A:When did your uncle arrive _ China?B:He got to Guangzhou_the morning of the 16th of April.A.in,on B.in,in C.at,on18.Hawaii is famous _its beautiful beaches.A.in B.for C.with19.We must stop children from_with fire.A.play B.played C.playingCABC第24页/共51页连连 词词 (Conjunction)Conjunction)一、连词定义:用来连接词、短语或句子的词。e.g.I study English I study English andand Chinese.Chinese.Does he work at school Does he work at school oror in the in the hospital?hospital?I get up early,I get up early,butbut my brother gets up my brother gets up late.late.第25页/共51页二、用法二、用法 1.1.并列连词并列连词 -连接具有并列关系的连接具有并列关系的词，短语词，短语或句子或句子。常见的有：常见的有：(1)表表并列并列关系的关系的and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor，as well as（也，和）（也，和）等。等。(2)表表选择选择关系的关系的or,eitheror等。等。(3)表表转折转折关系的关系的but,however等。等。(4)表表因果因果关系的关系的for,so等。等。第26页/共51页 考点一：考点一：1 1）判断改错：判断改错：They sat down They sat down andand talk about something.talk about something.They started to dance They started to dance and and sang.sang.I saw two men sitting behind I saw two men sitting behind and and ate there.ate there.FFFeatingsingtalkedand(“和，并且和，并且”)与与 or(“否则否则”)“and”“and”连接连接平行平行结构。结构。第27页/共51页（1）肯定句中用“and”表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和”。2 2）翻译：翻译：我喜欢英语我喜欢英语和和数学。数学。我不喜欢英语我不喜欢英语和和数学。数学。I I likelike English _ math.English _ math.I I dontdont like English _ math.like English _ math.andand oror第28页/共51页=Study hard,=Study hard,_ _ your math will be your math will be worseworse.3 3）用）用 “andand”或或“or or”填空：填空：Study hard,Study hard,_ _ your math will be your math will be betterbetter.andand or or“and”意为“这样，那么”；“or”意为“否则”。第29页/共51页1.Which do you like better,apples,_ pears?A.and B.but C.or2.Now we have no time _ money.A.so B.and C.oror:1.用于用于疑问疑问句句,表表选择选择2.用于用于否定否定句句,表表并列并列（肯定句用（肯定句用andand）3.Christine,Aileen _(和和)I are good friends.Study hard,_(否则否则)youll fall behind.4.Are you coming by bus _(或者或者)on foot?andandorororor第30页/共51页1.Itsgettingwarmer_warmer.A.andB.butC.or2.Heorthetwins_theUSA.A.comesfromB.comefromC.isfrom4.NotTombutI_goingtogivethetalk.A.amB.isC.areadj.比比+and+adj.比比表示越来越表示越来越AorB和和notAbutB结构作主语结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用时，谓语动词要使用就近原则就近原则。and,or,but,so特殊用法第31页/共51页 表表转折转折的连词的连词butbut 和和howeverhowever：e.g.(他努力工作，但以失败告终。他努力工作，但以失败告终。)He worked hard,_ he failed at last.He worked hard._,he failed at last.区别区别:but but 后后没有逗号，直接连接分句；没有逗号，直接连接分句；howeverhowever 后后有逗号相隔，可放句末。有逗号相隔，可放句末。考点二考点二：butHowever第32页/共51页观察句子观察句子：（1）Although he is over sixty,but he works as hard as others.改为：改为：Although Although he is over sixty,he works as hard he is over sixty,he works as hard as others.as others.或或 He is over sixty,He is over sixty,butbut he works as hard as he works as hard as others.others.（2）“Because John was ill,so I took him to the doctor.”*although/though*although/though 和和butbut这两个关联词不能同时用。?同样，此句错误，同样，此句错误，because because 和和 soso 等关联词都不能同时使用。等关联词都不能同时使用。考点三考点三：第33页/共51页either A or B either A or B “或者或者A A或者或者B”B”neither A nor B neither A nor B “既不既不A A也不也不B”B”not only A but also B not only A but also B “不仅不仅A A而且而且B”B”-连词词组连词词组：EitherEither you you oror I _ going to the party.I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither Neither I I nor nor he _ seen the movie.he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not onlyNot only you you but alsobut also he _ French.he _ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）（不但你而且他也讲法语。）【连接主语连接主语时，谓语时，谓语“就近原则就近原则”】amhasspeaks考点四考点四第34页/共51页2.2.从属连词从属连词-用来用来引导从句引导从句。常见的。常见的从属连词从属连词有：有：(1)(1)引导引导时间时间状语从句的状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon asuntil,till,since,as soon as等。等。(2)(2)引导引导条件条件状语从句的状语从句的if,unlessif,unless等。等。(3)(3)引导引导原因原因状语从句的状语从句的because,as,sincebecause,as,since等。等。(4)(4)引导引导目的目的状语从句的状语从句的so that,in order thatso that,in order that等。等。(5)(5)引导引导让步让步状语从句的状语从句的though,although,even ifthough,although,even if等。等。(6)(6)引导引导结果结果状语从句的状语从句的so that,soso that,sothat,suchthat,suchthatthat等。等。(7)(7)引导引导比较比较状语从句的状语从句的than,asthan,asasas等。等。(8)(8)引导引导宾语从句宾语从句的的that,if,whetherthat,if,whether等。等。第35页/共51页三者均可译为三者均可译为“在在时候时候”。whenwhen引导的从句，动词既可以是引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性延续性的，也可以是的，也可以是终止性终止性的。的。whilewhile引导的从句中，动词只能是引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性延续性的，一般来说，的，一般来说，当当whilewhile引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“一边一边一边一边”这样的意这样的意思，一般用思，一般用 asas。When I came into the room,I found him When I came into the room,I found him lying there asleep.lying there asleep.She sang as she walked.She sang as she walked.她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。注意：注意：注意：注意：while while 可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系“然而然而”。He is short He is short whilewhile his brother is tall.his brother is tall.when，while，as连词用法比较第36页/共51页Mr.Whitewastakingashower_theUFOlandedonthestreet.A.whereB.whileC.whenD.whetherCWhileWhile Mr.White Mr.White was takingwas taking a shower a shower，the the UFO landUFO landeded on the street.on the street.考点一考点一“when”“when”和和 “while”while”whenwhen引导的状语从句的动作引导的状语从句的动作多为多为终止性动词终止性动词，也为也为可持续动词可持续动词；但；但whilewhile只能只能是是可持续动词可持续动词。第37页/共51页考点二考点二我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。Myfather_comebackuntilwehadsupper.notuntil/till notuntil/till 直到直到才才till till 直到直到为止为止翻译：翻译：他直到他直到3岁才会讲话。岁才会讲话。He_getupuntilhismotherwakeshimup.didnt他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。He_speakuntilhewas3.couldntdoesntdoesnt第38页/共51页1)sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词 而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.sothat,such.that连词用法比较第39页/共51页He took the MP3 player with him _ he could He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.enjoy music during the trip.A.because B.so that C.whenA.because B.so that C.whenB考点三考点三他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的)Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.He got up early He got up early so thatso that he he caughtcaught the early bus.the early bus.他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）He got up so early that he caught the early bus.sothatsothatso thatso that：为了；为了；所以，结果所以，结果如此如此以致以致第40页/共51页if if和和和和whetherwhether都可作都可作都可作都可作“是否是否是否是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：I wonder whether(if)you still study in that I wonder whether(if)you still study in that school.school.在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用whether,whether,不能用不能用不能用不能用if if：.在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。例如：例如：例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether I