Unit 3 Careers and skills Grammar and usage 名词性从句导学案-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册.docx

选择性必修四Unit 3名词性从句一、主语从句1. 定义：在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。2. 连接词（1）that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，也无意义，只起连接作用，不能省略。 That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence.（2）whether和if在主语从句中不充当任何成分，有_含义，位于句中有时可换用。 Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.Ø 用whether不用if的情况：1. 主语从句_时；Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. 从句后有_或紧跟_时。Whether or not he will come still remains a question.It makes no difference whether you will go today or tomorrow.（3）连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当某种成分。Who will come to teach us is not known.What hurt my feelings was the judges comment.Why he didnt attend the meeting wasnt clear.When the plane will take off has not been announced.3. 谓语动词的数（1）主语从句后的谓语动词一般用_形式。Who won the match is still unknown.What you said is perfectly true.（2）what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由_决定。What she lacks is experience.What we need are more books.4. it作形式主语主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,从句为真正的主语，放在句末，使句子更平衡。常用句型：（1）It+be+_+that从句It is certain/ clear/ important/ necessary/ probable/ possible +that.（2）It+be+_+that从句It is a pity/ shame/ duty+that.（3）It+be+_+that从句It is said / reported/ thought/ hoped/ believed/ known+that.（4）It +_ + that从句It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. 爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。It appears to me that you dont want to come to the party. 在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。二、宾语从句1. 定义：在复合句中，如作宾语的是一个从句，该从句被称为宾语从句。2. 用法宾语从句类型连接词例句thatI think that you are right.who, what, which, when, where, how, whyCould you please tell me where the restrooms are?whether, ifI wonder if/whether they will have the races again next year.Ø 只能用whether情况（1）_Please tell us whether to go or stay here.（2）_I dont know whether or not I can come.（3）_We worried about whether he was in good health.（4）_Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.3. it作形式宾语（1）动词 + it + that从句，常见于take, have, put等动词之后。I take it that he will finish the task by himself. 我认为他能自己完成这项任务。（2）动词 + it + when / if从句，常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, prefer等动词之后。We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour. 如果您能帮助我们，我们会很感激。（3）动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于owe it to sb, take it for granted等结构中。 We owe it to you that we are still alive. 多亏有你，我们还活着。（4）动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于look to（注意）, depend on, insist on, stick to, answer for等结构中。She insisted on it that she was innocent. 她坚持说自己是无辜的。（5）动词 + it + V-ed + 从句He made it known to everyone that he was right. 他让每个人都明白他是对的。4. 时态（1）主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Does anyone know where I can find a home?（2）主句是过去的某种时态，从句一定要用_的某种时态。We didnt know why she had missed the flight.【注意】如果宾语从句表述的是_等时, 不管主句是什么时态, 从句都要用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、表语从句1. 定义：在复合句中，如作表语的是一个从句，该从句被称为表语从句。Ø 系动词+表语构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的系动词有：be动词: _感官动词: _“变得词”: _“持续词”:_2.连接词（1）从属连词：that/ whether1) The most important thing is that we finish the final task.2) The question is whether we can finish it in such a short time.3) The reason why he was late is that he got up late.【归纳】1. that引导表语从句时，只起_作用，作/不作句子成分，有/没有意义。2. whether引导表语从句时，只起_作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻译为“_”。引导表语从句时通常不用if。3. 主语是reason时，表语从句不能用because, 只能用that。（2）连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever1) She is not who she was.2) Exercise is what keeps us healthy.3) The winner will be whoever solves that problem.4) My part will be whatever you give to me.【归纳】连接代词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，又作句子成分(通常作_等)。（3）连接副词：where, when, how, why, whenever, wherever1) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.2) Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.3) By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.4) Thats why you should push yourself.5) The best time to start is whenever you are ready.【归纳】连接副词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，又作句子成分（通常作_）。4. 其他词1) Thats because we were in need of money at that time. 2) He looked as if he was going to cry.3) It looked as though it might rain at any minute.【注意】如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议”或者“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用_。His proposal was that the work _ (finish) in five hours.四、同位语从句1. 定义：在复合句中，从句作某一名词的同位语，对该名词作进一步解释说明，该从句被称为同位语从句。2. 用法：同位语从句常放在抽象名词，如fact, idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, reply, answer, thought等之后，以具体说明这些词的含义。1) The fact that we cannot travel faster than light means that it will take a long time to reach those planets.2) He cant answer the question how he got the money.3) I have no idea where he comes from.3. 连接词（1） that引导同位语从句时，在从句中_成分，只起_作用，_具体意义，不能省略。They were surprised at the news that their team had won.（2） whether引导同位语从句，意为_，_if代替。Lily asked me the question whether the novel was worth reading.（3）连接代词和连接副词引导同位语从句，在从句中作成分。I have no idea what you are talking about. _I have no idea who broke the window yesterday. _I have no idea which is the best._I have no idea when she will be back._I have no idea where he has gone._I have no idea why Jack is absent from school. _I have no idea how I can operate the new machine._4.间隔式同位语从句：同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被其他词隔开。1) Word came that the concert had been put off.2) An idea occurred to her that she could try another way.5. 在某些名词(如demand, suggestion, wish, advice, request, proposal, order等)后的同位语从句谓语动词用_，should可以省略。We followed his advice that we _(turn) to our teacher for help.6. 同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句定语从句性质同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴先行词同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等抽象名词定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句引导词引导同位语从句的词有:that, whether, what, who, whom, whose, when, where, how等。有些引导词如how, whether, what不能引导定语从句。that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略that引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略【判断】定语从句or同位语从句1) The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world. _2) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. _3) Thats the best piece of news Ive heard._4学科网（北京）股份有限公司