高三英语二轮复习介词用法解析及专项练习.docx
高中英语介词用法解析及专项练习英语介词的基本含义英语中的介词，除了有基本的意义以外，往往还有若干引申转化的意义。如介词in常用的表达形式所表达的意义就有：in space在空间，in surprise惊奇地，in the day在白天，in the day time在白天、在白昼，in the fields of在领域里。除了这些介词in以外，还有许多介词如：at，for，of，to，with，by等，每个介词都具有多种意义。在教学中我们要对此类表示若干个意义的介词，加以归纳总结，让学生全面理解和掌握介词的意义，而不是单一地机械地用一个固定的中文词去给某介词释义。不仅如此，我们还要引导学生注意不同的英语介词与相同的宾语搭配将表示各种不同的意义。我们在讲授by oneself这个介词短语的时候，不妨启发学生由oneself这个反身代词联想与其连用的其他介词。例如for oneself， of oneself， to oneself， with oneself， in oneself。上述介词反身代词的结构独具意义，且运用广泛，若能适时地启发学生产生联想，适度地教给他们某些词组，对于他们的语言运用能力的提高，将取到事半功倍的效果。又如，在教look through这个词组时，不妨启发学生联想look after，look around，look for等。种类2. 介词的种类(1)简单介词，如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。(2)合成介词，如into, inside, within, throughout等。(3)短语介词，如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。(4)二重介词，如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。3. 介词的宾语(1)名词：Let's go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。(2)代词：He's standing in front of me. 我站在我前面。(3)形容词：Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。注：有的形容词前可看作是省略了being。(4)动名词：He's good at drawing.他善长绘画。(5)过去分词：I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。注：过去分词作介词宾语只限于takefor granted 结构和用于regardas后。(6)不定式：I had no choice but to lie down. 除了躺下外我别无选择。She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。注：介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的，只有表示“除外”的 but, except 等个别介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时，不定式不用 to，否则要带to。(7)疑问词+不定式：I don't know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。(8)副词：I didn't know it until recently. 直到最近我才知道此事。(9)数词：He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。(10)介词短语：She won't go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。(11)从句：Think of what I said. 想想我说的话(from )。I'm worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。I have doubts about whether(不用if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。注：除except that, in that等后可接that从句外，通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句，也不接if引导的从句。4. 介词短语的作用介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，其用法如下：(1)作定语：The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣的那个女孩是我妹妹。注：介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。(2)作状语：Can you say it in English? 这个你会用英语说吗？(3)作表语：He's in the office. 他在办公室。(4)作补语：I always find her at her studies. 我经常发现她在学习。(5)作介词宾语：I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。常用介词用法练习1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre _ 6:30 pm at the latest.A. after B. around C. until D. by2. They held a ceremony _ those killed in the battle.A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing _ at home.A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag _ you lose it.A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case5. _ did the professor give you much advice? The choice of a career.A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what6. I made coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand not with a machine.A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with7. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. against; with; on C. for; with; in D. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference _ wheat, oats and barley.A. among B. between C. from D. in9. The young singer is quite popular _ the public. Shes made a remarkable achievement _ a girl of her age.A. with; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to10. The apple trees have lots of big apples _ them. And some birds are singing _ the trees.A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through11. That woman will quarrel _ everybody _ anything.A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. with; with12. The weather this month has been good _ .A. on the whole B. generally speaking C. above all D. on one hand13. We should divide all the potatoes _ two piles and separated the good ones _ the bad ones.A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into14. They said the building would be completed _ a year.A. after B. for C. in D. about15. These boxes are too heavy for me to carry. Here, Ill give you a hand _ them.A. for B. to C. with D. by答案解析1. D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。2. A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”；instead of意为“代替; 而不是”；in favor of意为“赞成；支持”；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A。3. B。but, except 和besides都有“除之外”的意思，但没有”，相当于not including. 另外，but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除之外，还”的意思，等于in addition to; 而except, but 是“除之外， o的任何形式，不定式省略to。4. B。in any case意为“在任何情况下”；in case意为“以防万一，如果”；in no case意为“决不”；in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于的建议”应用介词on。6. C。by hand意为“用手工”；with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a hammer.7. B。against the wind“逆风”；on the right意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。8. B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between.9. C。词组be popular with意为“受欢迎”，for“就而论，比较而言”。10. C。介词on意为“在之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在之内 / 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。12. A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generally speaking“一般说来”；above all意为“首先，最重要的”；on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的” 。13. B。divideinto和separatefrom都有“把分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。14. C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的限制。15. C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
