高考语法填空考点解析之非谓语动词（高考真题+答案详解）.pdf

语法填空解题技巧之非谓语动词【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向非谓语动词近三年考点分布现在分词过去分词不定式和动名词语法填空2020全国 n coming全国IIIsurrounding全国 H decorated全国 I to find 全国 II to care全国 III to find2019全国 III listening浙江 cycling全国 II saying北京facing全国 I to perform noting全国 Hito get2018全国 H feeding全国III challenged全国 I to see;dying全国 II to improve 浙江 visiting全国III looking；to stay高考真题1.(2020新课标 I#)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang?e-4(f i n d)and study areasof the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020-新课标 II 卷)They are e a s y(c a r e)for and make great presents.3.(2020新课标 HI 卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set o u t(f i n d)the well-known painter.4.(2020-浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology(change)lives.5.(2020-新课标 II 卷)They represent the earth (come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.6.(2020-新课标 II 卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many t i m e s(d e c o r a t e)with redenvelopes and messages of good fortune.7.(2020新课标 III 卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft c lo u d s(s u r r o u n d)themountain tops,he was reduced to tears.8.（2020-山东新高考）As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imaginethemselves living at a different time in history or（walk）through a rainforest.9.（2020-浙江卷语）Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and,in dry areas,（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.10.（2020新课标 H 卷）They represent the ear t h（come）back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.12.（2020山东新高考）As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imaginethemselves living at a different time in history or（walk）through a rainforest.13.（2019 全国 I 卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are e x p e n s i v e（perform）consistently over a large area.14.（2019 全国 HI 卷）On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long itwould t ake（get）there.15.（2019 浙江高考）But some students didnt want（wear）the uniform.16.（2019北京卷）N e r v o u s l y （face）challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Beyourself5.17.（2019 全国 H 卷）When we got a cal l（say）she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.18.（2019 全国 HI 卷）On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautifulfarm on the North Shore under the stars,（listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.19.（2019 浙江高考）When the children are walking or（cycle）to school on dark mornings,car drivers caneasily see them.20.（2019 全国 I 卷）Scientists have responded by（note）that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）aroundhuman settlements,leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are.21.（2019 全国 II 卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year for（be）Britain,s oldest full-timeemployee-still working 40 hours a week.22.（2019 浙江高考）When the children are walking or（cycle）to school on dark mornings,car drivers caneasily see them.23.12018全国 II Another reason for coms rise:The government encourages farmers to grow com instead of rice（improve）water quality.2 4.【2018全国 III Once his message was delivered,he allowed me（stay）and watch.2 5.【2018全国 II That prevented the emission（排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach toprotecting its environment whi l e（feed）its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers2worldwide.1 says the banks Juergen Voegele.2 6.【2018 全 国 III】I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to a v o i d(l o o k)directly into his eyes so hedoesn*t f e e l(c h a ll e n g e).2 7.12018 全 国 I】You dont have to run fast or for long to see the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweightand still reduce your risk o f(d i e)early by running.2 8.【2018全国 HI】I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to a v o i d(l o o k)directly into his eyes so hedoesnt feel challenged.29.2018-浙江 I still r e m e m b e r(v is it)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when Ilearnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.练 习 突 破【做题实践中找规律】【例 1】【安徽省皖南八校2021届高三10月份第一次联考】Following the Japanese surrender in 1945,ChiangKai-sheks Nationalist Government reoccupied the Headquarters-Presidential Palace f o r(g o v e r n)the Republicof China.【例 2 X 广西钦州市、崇左市2021届高三上学期第一次教学质量检测)The World Health Organization(WHO)saysthat 80%of the worlds teens dont get enough exercise to live healthy lives.The report,which was published in TheLancet in 2019,was based on research done with s tu d e n ts(a g e)11 to 17 in 146 different countries.【例3 X 吉林省吉林市2021届高三上学期第一次调研考试】A Weibo user remarked,Lis success lies in her passionfor life?Another Weibo user wrote,4Thank you for giving me an opportunity(appreciate)the landscape in thecountryside.例 4【宁夏银川中 2021 届高三第三次月考】Food items themselves have m e a n in g(a tta c h)to them.Inmany Western countries,a box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift.例 5【宁夏银川中 2021届高三第三次月考】Because people and food are mobile,(try)to define acountrys culture by what they eat is often inaccurate.【例 6X 吉林省长春市普通高中2021届高三质量检测】The Chinese master carpenter,Wang D e w e n,(k n o w)as Grandpa Amu“on YouTube,has been considered as the modern-day Lu Ban.【例 7 X 吉林省长春市普通高中2021届高三质量检测】His most popular video,which shows him making a fantasticwooden arch bridge,rose to fame on the p l a t f o r m,(g a i n)more than 42 million views.【例 8】【四川省南充高中2021届高三第二次月考】China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across thecountry specialist football s c h o o ls(le a d)youth football development,according to the Ministry of Education(MOE).例 9【江西省赣州市会昌县七校2021届高三联合月考】This is the first time a large group of scientists have3jointly(共同地)used the word emergency w h e n(t a l k)about climate change.【例 10】【云贵川桂四省2021届高三上学期10月联合考试】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds ofways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option i s(c r e a t e)more marine protected areas-essentiallynational parks in the ocean.【例 11】【江西省赣州市会昌县七校2021届高三联合月考】The scientists appealed to n a t i o n s(u s e)energymore efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.【例 12【山西省长治市2021届高三期中考试联考】I got tired of studying and finally I refused to attend class,(shut)myself in my room for hours.【例 13】【河南省2020-2021学年高三毕业班阶段性测试(二)】The crossbow had the advantage of not only(send)an arrow with enough force to cut through body armor(盔 甲)but its arrows,being short,could not be shotback by bowmen.规律方法：如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？(1)正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。(2)正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时:整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点：1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如 to have done,having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing,doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。4答案解析1.(2020新课标 I 卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard C h a n g e-4(fin d)and study areasof the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。2.(2020新课标 H 卷)They are e a s y(c a r e)for and make great presents.【答案】to careo【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be+形 容 词+to do”结构。故填 to careo3.(2020新课标 III 卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set o u t(f i n d)the well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do s th.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。4.(2020-浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology(change)lives.【答案】to change【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词 gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。5.(2020-新课标 II 卷)They represent the earth (come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与 come back to 之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。6.(2020-新课标 II 卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many t i m e s(d e c o r a t e)with redenvelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange irees,与 decorale之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decoraied。7.(2020新课标 III 卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft c lo u d s(s u r r o u n d)themountain tops,he was reduced to tears.【答案】surrounding5【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds（surround）the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。8.（2020山东新高考）As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imaginethemselves living at a different time in history or（walkthrough a rainforest.【答案】walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth.“想象某 人 做 某 事 故 填 walkingo9.（2020-浙江卷语）Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and,in dry areas,（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use o f和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。10.（2020新课标 II 卷）They represent the ear t h（come）back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与 come back to 之间为主动关系，所以动名词的复合结构。故填coming。12.（2020 ill 东新高考）As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imaginethemselves living at a different time in history or（walk）through a rainforest.【答案】walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth.“想象某人做某事。故填walking。13.（2019 全国 I 卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are e x p e n s i v e（perform）consistently over a large area.【答案】toperform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。614.（2019 全国 III 卷）On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long itwould ta k e(g e t)th e re.【答案】to get【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填I。get。15.(2019 浙江高考)But some students didn w a n t(w e a r)the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t。do slh想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to weato16.(2019北京卷)N e r v o u s l y (face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words Beyourself5.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做 你 自 己 分 析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。17.(2019 全国 H 卷)When we got a c a l l(s a y)s h e was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与 say是主动关系,故填sayingo18.(2019 全国 III 卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautifulfarm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由w e发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listeningo19.(2019 浙江高考)When the children are walking o r(c y c l e)to school on dark mornings,car drivers caneasily see them.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据o r前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。720.(2019 全国 I 卷)Scientists have responded by(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)aroundhuman settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。21.(2019 全国 n 卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded 4tWoman Of The Yeaf fo r(b e)B rita in*s oldest full-timeemployee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。22.(2019 浙江高考)When the children are walking o r(c y c l e)to school on dark mornings,car drivers caneasily see them.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据o r前的walking可知，此处要用cyclingo 故填cyclingo23.【2018全国 II Another reason for corn*s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice(improve)water quality.【答案】to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是 encourages,故 improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。2 4.【2018全国 III Once his message was delivered,he allowed m e(s t a y)a n d watch.【答案】to stay【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to slay。2 5.【2018全国 II That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach toprotecting its environment w h i l e(f e e d)its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakersworldwide.1 says the banks Juergen Vbegele.【答案】feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了 China i s,省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有b e动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feedingo2 6.【2018全国 HI】I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to a v o i d(l o o k)directly into his eyes so he8doesnt f e e l(c h a ll e n g e).【答案】looking【解析】考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。【答案】challenged【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。27.【2018全国 I】You dont have to run fast or for long to see the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight andstill reduce your risk o f(d i e)early by running.【答案】dying【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处。f 是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。28.【2018全国 HI】I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to a v o i d(l o o k)directly into his eyes so hedoesn*t feel challenged.【答案】looking【解析】考查动名词。动词avoid后要加doing作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。29.【2018浙江】I still r e m e m b e r(v is it)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when Ilearnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.【答案】visiting【解析】考查动名词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.,故填 visitingo【做题实践中找规律】【例 11 1安徽省皖南八校2021届高三10月份第一次联考】Following the Japanese surrender in 1945,ChiangKai-sheks Nationalist Government reoccupied the H eadquarters-Pres i den t i al Palace f o r(g o v e r n)the Republicof China.【答案】governing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1945年日本投降后，蒋介石的国民政府重新占领了中华民国国民政府总部一总统府，为了统治中华民国。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是reoccupied,govern作介词for的宾语，用动名词，故填 governingo【例 2X 广西钦州市、崇左市2021届高三上学期第一次教学质量检测)The World Health Organization(WHO)says9that 80%of the worlds teens dont get enough exercise to live healthy lives.The report,which was published in TheLancet in 2019,was based on research done with s tu d e n ts(a g e)11 to 17 in 146 different countries.【答案】aged【解析】考查过去分词。句意：基于对146个国家11至 17岁学生的研究，该报告于2019年发表在 柳叶刀上。根据句意和句子结构，这里用age的过去分词，形成分词短语aged II to l7,作后置定语表示：来 自 146个不同国家的年龄11至 17岁的生。故填aged。【例 3X 吉林省吉林市2021届高三上学期第一次调研考试)A Weibo user remarked,Lis success lies in her passionfor Another Weibo user wrote,4Thank you for giving me an opportunity(appreciate)the landscape in thecountryside.”【答案】to appreciate【解