大学英语六级词汇应试策略.pdf

六级词汇应试策略W i l s o n H u概述：词汇要求，C E T 6中词汇有3 0道，共1 5分。3 0%是四级词汇，7 0%是六级词汇。六级要求掌握5 5 0 0个单词，还要求考生具有通过构词法识别生词的能力。六级考试的相应部分从9 8年1月份之后已全部改成词汇题了（语法被放到了完形填空中考查），词汇的考核要求被强调突出了.其实掌握六级词汇的关键是掌握四级核心词汇的用法和六级增加的1 3 0 0个词汇的拼写和用法。词汇试题考查的重点是抽象名词，活跃动词的用法，搭配及其构成的短语，形容词和副词等.六级词汇的考查一般是通过词汇题和阅读理解题进行的。动词的复习要求全面仔细。动词词组，动词与形、副、名词的搭配，动词的时态变化等各方面都要顾及。复习中做这类题时，最好选择有充分、详实的讲解的书，方便对知识点的理解、记忆.英语六级词汇学习技巧树立坚定的自信心。制定切实可行的学习目标。选好复习资料一本5-6级的词汇书，高质量的中英文双解词典，细微差别进行辨析。推荐牛津双解词典、朗文英汉双解活用词典。应避免题海战术。要立足于真题。集中突破，从整体上把握考试的思路。借助真题高效地复习。考生不仅要熟悉大纲内的词，还要掌握大纲要求的构词法，应该注意“一词多义”和“熟词僻义”。突破背词瓶颈：做到口到、心到、手到。要把整个身心投入到学习中去，做到常读、常说、常分析、常回忆、常写、常画，这样，一定会牢牢地记住所学的每一个单词。在运用中学习。充分利用业余时间。把重点词抄在小本上，随身携带，随读随记。重视考题规律六级考试的词汇部分具有可预测性。举一反三，在理解干扰选项的基础上，联想相关的词汇含义（同义词、近义词、同根易混词、形近音似词等），因为这些通常是或很可能是下次词汇题的考点或干扰选项。10.把握词汇题型，六级的词汇考题可以大致分为四大类：难词辨析，近义词辨析，形近音似词辨析及固定搭配。在平时备考的时候要多注意词汇的辨析，“存同求异”，把近义词归到一起，借助英文释义明确其各自的确切含义和使用范围，提高词汇的辨析能力。形近音似词是指那些“长”得像，发音相同、相近的词，考查考生辨别易混淆词的能力。仔细审题，看清选项是做好这类题目的关键。平时在学习中，同学们也应该有意识地把“长”得像的词放在一起辨析。11.解题策略：抓住句子的逻辑语义关系。在六级词汇考题中主要包括五种逻辑语义关系：因果关系、对照让步、时间条件、重述释义以及常识相关。两个反义词；在非近义词辨析的考题中，两个同义选项。遇有陌生选项的时候.三.考点分析词汇考查的重点是词义辨析，主要是对动词、形容词和名词等实词意义的辨析，当然也考副词、介词。通过分析2000年1月的全真试题，我们发现有12题是动词词义辨析，11题是考形容词词义辨析，6题是考名词词义辨析。可见动词仍是考查的重点。具体的说是考多义词、同义词、近义词、近形词。英语中不少单词是多义词。有的学生只知道某个单词的某种意义，却不知道它的其他意义和在特定上下文中的引申意义；同义、近义词概念虽相同、相近，但含义和用法上仍存在差别；近形词，形似义异，具有迷惑性，选择时要注意区分各词之间的细微不同之处，要从使用场合、搭配结构和语义关系上分析，最后做出判断。如：The doctor doesn t that he will live much longer.A.manifest B.articulate C.anticipate D.monitorThe old gentleman was a very looking person,with gray hairand gold spectacle.A.respective B.respectable C.respectful D.respectedHis was telling him that something was wrong.A.sentiment inspiration C.hypothesis D.intuition注重对使用频率较高的词的用法的 考 查(包括一些四级词汇)，而且是反复考(有时作为key,有时作为选项出现)。这是一种较好的倾向。我们考查单词的目的不应只是看学生是否背过某些生僻词，更主要是以考试为激励，鼓励他们增强使用语言的能力。4)Since the couple could not their differences,they decidedto get a divorce.(95 01)A.reconcile B.comply C.coincide D.resign5)Parents take a great interest in the questions raised bytheir children.(9806)A.nasty B.naive C.obscure D.offensiveSince the two countries couldn t their differences,theydecided to stop the negotiation.(9906)A.rectify B.oblige C.reconcile D.obscureFrankly speaking,your article is very good except for somemistakes in grammar.(9906)A.obscureB.glaringC.trivialD.rareVery few people understood his lecture,the subject of which was very.(2000.1)(A.dim B.obscure C.conspicuous D.intelligible词语习惯搭配或固定搭配，包括名词与介词的搭配、名词与形容词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配等等。这些搭配纷繁复杂，千变万化是产生词汇错误的主要原因，因此，考生平时多读多看，增强语感，逐步积累，牢牢记住。如：9)The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who iswilling and capable his financial situation.(9901)A.with respect to B.in accord withC.regardless of D.in terms of10)A n obvious change of attitude at the top towards women,sstatus in society will through the current law system in Japan.(9901)A.permeate B.probe C.violate D.grope四.应试策略(St r a t e g i e s)1 .根据词的固定搭配选择答案如前所述，英语中有许多约定俗成的固定搭配，试题设计者把其他部分给出，但是其中有的项未给出，让参考者从四个选择项中选出最佳选择项，填入使句子的意义完整。如：1 1 )H e w a s r u n n i n g t h e p a c e h e h a d l e a r n t f r o m t h e n a t i v e s.A.o n B.a tC.b y D.i n句中的p a c e ”步幅，步速”常与介词a t 搭配，组成短语a t t h e p a c e,“以步速，步幅。”其他表示“速度、频率、比率”的词有s p e e d,r a t e,r a t i o 一般也常与a t 连用。因此该题的答案是B。g e t a c r o s s 被了解，讲清楚g e t a l o n g 前进，进展，过活g e t a w a y 走开，离开，逃脱g e t d o w n 从.下来g e t d o w n t o 开始，着手g e t i n t o 对发生兴趣，卷入(使进入)g e t o v e r 克服g e t t h r o u g h 干完2.通过区别同义或近义词选择答案这类题近几年来占的比例比较大，也比较难。选择时要注意区分词与词之间的本质差别，同时要注意在本题上下文中的关系，最后做出选择。如：1 2)Th e r u n n e r c a n r u n 2 m i l e s i n f i f t e e n m i n u t e s.(9 7 0 6)A.c o m m o n B.u s u a l C.a v e r a g e D.g e n e r a l3.引伸法(一定要注意记住词语的本意)e s c a l a t o r 自动扶梯逐步升级h e a r t a h e a r t o f g o l d 道德高尚的人t o b r e a k o n e s h e a r t 使某人伤心h e a r t a n d h a n d 热心地h e a r t a n d s o u l 全心全意地h e a r t t o h e a r t 贴心地，坦率地l e a r n s t h.b y h e a r t 记住，背下t o l o s e h e a r t 丧失勇气balance天平 平衡mouthpiece-口状物 喉舌，代言人coat-外套 涂层beast-兽 凶残的人pig 猪 贪吃懒做的人jewel-宝石 受珍视的人4.借助上下文（这一点在阅读理解中尤为重要）根据生词前后出现的其他词语的意思或整个句子的意思猜测词义。如：He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality.He seems to have unlimited energy.利用信号词is,is called,means,that is,i.e.,or,defined as,refer to等对某一词汇的定义、解释或说明猜测词义。如：The word biotechnology refers to a combination of biology andtechnology.利用信号词 in contrast,on the other hand,rather than,however,yet,although,while,unlike,but,whereas,as opposed to 等判断反义词的意思。如：My sister Marie is an optimist,while her boyfriend is one who isalways gloomy（沮丧的，消沉的）and expects the worst to happen.根据举例猜测词义。如：C ondiments e.g.pepper,salt,and mustard（芥末，芥菜），make foodtaste better.根据标点符号猜测词义。如：The principal money he put in his savings account to earn interestwas safe even though the bank was closed by the police.根据定语从句猜测词义。如：The type of meter is called multimeter,which is used to measureelectricity.根据同位语猜测词义。如：The invention of snorkel,a long air tube that reaches up to thesurface,has made it possible for submarine to use their diesel engineeven when they are submerged（在水中的，淹没的）.根据上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义。如：You should cut out this paragraph in order to make the essay succinct.根据常识猜测词义。如：Fish breathe with gill.五.题型分类及特点六级考试的词汇考点主要涉及上下文词义题、近义干扰题、近形干扰题、近义近形干扰题和句型题。1.上下文词义题e.g.1.There was once an idea that the earth was flat andmotionless.intrinsic B.absurd C.eternal D.offensivee.g.2.A lthough he has had no formal education,he is one of thebusinessmen in the company.A.shrewdest B.sternest C.nastiest D.alertest2.近义干扰题e.g.3.A s you have seen,the value of a nation5 s currency is aof its economy.A.reaction B.reflection C.response D.revelatione.g.4.I f the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must bemade by nations to limit local.A.collisions B.combats C.contradictions D.conflictse.g.5.This is the piano on which the composer created some ofhis greatest works.A.true B.original C.real D.genuine3.近形干扰题真正意义上的近形干扰题中的四个选项看似相似，但意义差别较大，该类试题在六级考试中为数不多.e.g.6.The vast majority of people in any given culture willto the established standards of that culture.A.confine B.conform C.confront D.confirm考生只要能理解题干的句意，并注意四个选项的拼写及构词上的不同，就能比较有把握地确定正确答案。e.g.7.I f you want this pain killer,you11 have to ask the doctorfor a.A.receipt B.recipe C.subscription D.prescriptione.g8.Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who hasbecome at many survival skills.A.proficient B.persistent C.consistent D.sufficient4、近义近形干扰题由于许多近形干扰题的选项是同根词，它们在词义上必然有所联系，当这些词义相近到彼此容易产生混淆时，近形干扰题就成了近义近形双重干扰的试题了。这类试题在六级考试中数量相对较少，但考生要注意平时词汇学习中对近义同根的辨析，掌握它们语义上的不同侧重及用法搭配上的细微差别。e.g.9.The naturalists are very keen t o the rare species ofwildlife such as pandas and tigers that are in danger of becomingextinct.preserve B.conserve C.observe D.reservee.g.10.A lthough not an economist himself,Dr.Smith has long been asevere critic of the government5 s policies.economical B.economy C.economic D.economics5、句型搭配题除上述词形、词义四类题型外，六级考试的词汇题在命题范围上还涉及一类与词汇用法搭配相关的试题，这类题在词汇题中所占比重并不少，主要包括动词的句型用法，动词、名词和形容词与介词的搭配等内容。e.g.11.When he realized he had been to sign the contract byintrigue,he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel theagreement.elicited B.excited C.deduced D.inducede.g.12.The changing image of the family on television providesinto changing attitudes toward the family in society.A.insights B.understanding C.revelations D.specificationse.g.13.A budget of five dollars a day is totally for a trip roundEurope.A.inadequate B.incapable C.incompatible D.invalid四.六级考试词汇题从词性角度看主要涉及动词、名词、形容词和少量副词、短语介词和连接词。词汇题的应试应从词的词性及其搭配入手，在较长的题干中找到决定正确答案的线索和依据即每道题的答题切入点，从而提高命中率，缩短答题时间。I.动词题1.如果动词为不及物动词或被动语态。e.g.1.Mike just discovered that his passport had three monthsago.A.abolished B.expired C.amended D.constrainede.g.2.A lthough there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire,we canreport that the rebellion has in the main been.canceled B.destroyed C.suppressed D.restrained2.如果动词为主动语态的及物动词。例 3.Since the two countries couldn，t their differences,theydecided to stop their negotiations.A.rectify B.oblige C.reconcile D.obscure3.对于通过“主-谓”，“动-宾”关系的判断尚无法确定答案的，如是及物动词，可同时根据其主语及宾语的特点来进行判断。例 4.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the question a variety of answers.defies B.magnifies C.mediates D.evokes如是不及物动词，则可同时根据其主语及状语修饰语来进行判断。例 5.On turning the corner,we saw the road steeply.A.departing B.depressing C.decreasing D.descending4.除了动词与主、宾及状语的搭配之外，六级考题中还有相当一部分动词词汇题可通过空档后与动词搭配的介词来确定。例 6.A ll individuals are required to to the laws made by theirgovernments.A.obey B.conform C.comply D.observe5 .还有一类动词题，如考生对某些动词的句型搭配(Verb Pattern)比较熟悉的话，则也可以非常容易地根据其常用句型搭配来选取答案。例 7.His argument does not suggest that mankind can to be wastefulin the utilization of these resources.A.resort B.grant C.afford D.entitle例 8.He would it that his son took a livelier interest inpolitics.A.see into B.see through C.see about D.see toI K 名词题1.根据前面的动词来确定需选的名词。例 9.I think that I committed a in asking her because she seemedvery upset by my question.blunder B.revenge C.reproach D.scandal例 10.We should make a clear between the two scientific termsfor the purpose of our discussion.A.separation B.discrimination C.deviation D.distinction2.如果选择项的名词在句中处于主语的位置，则可根据后面的谓语动词来判断正确答案。例 11.The West is traditionally the land of the pioneers and thecowboys where could be easily made in cattle or land.A.fortunes B.property C.opportunities D.treasure3.如果空档处的名词前有定语修饰。例 12.Stop shouting.I cant hear the football.judgment B.interpretation C.commentary D.explanation4.有时，也可根据所选名词的后续修饰搭配关系来确定正确答案，这类后续修饰成分包括一般的介词短语或定语从句等。例 13.I n the Spring Export C ommodities Fair the of fine chinaattracted much attention of customers from all over the world.succession B.array C.string D.procession例 14.Some fish have a greater for acid water than others.tolerance B.resistance C.dependence D.persistence还有的时候，名词的后续修饰成份是某些名词特有的动词不定式短语或同位语从句。例 15.I t is very strange but I had an that the plane would crash.I nspiration B.intuition C.imagination D.incentive5 .有些名词题涉及与该名词有关的成语，是某一固定成语的一部分。例 16.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour,but still could not make of them.impression B.comprehension C.meaning D.sensei n、形容词题i.如果空缺处形容词位于名词前作定语。例 17.Some criminals were printing dollar bills until they werearrested.decent B.fake C.patent D.suspicious例 18.Some children display an curiosity about every new thingthey encounter.incredible B.infectious C.incompatible D.inaccessible2.如果空缺处形容词充当句子表语。例 19.His body temperature has been for 3 days,the highest pointreaching 40.5.uncommon B.disordered C.abnormal D.extraordinary例 20.Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease wasin tropical countries.prospective B.prevalent C.provocative D.perpetual有时，形容词题也可根据其后面的介词搭配或特殊句型来确定正确答案。例 21.A lthough cats cannot see in complete darkness,their eyes aremuch more to light than are human eyes.glowing B.brilliant C.sensitive D.gloomy例 22.Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has becomeat many survival skills.proficient B.persistent C.consistent D.sufficientI V.副词题副词题相对较少。副词主要用以修饰动词或形容词，我们自然应从被它修饰的动词或形容词入手，来确定可能的答案。1.根据由空缺处副词修饰的动词，来确定正确答案。例 23.Some people either avoid questions of right and wrong orremain neutral about them.violently B.enthusiastically C.sincerely D.deliberately例 24.These areas rely on agriculture a l m o s t,having few mineralresources and a minimum of industrial development.respectively B.extraordinarily C.incredibly D.exclusively2.如果空缺处的副词用以修饰后面的形容词，则该形容词的语义在确定答案时往往起着关键性作用。例 25.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days,Johnwas pale.enormously B.startlingly C.uniquely D.dramatically例 26.A lthough the national government has introduced some new lawson this subject,it is the state governments that are responsiblefor pollution control.A.precisely B.primarily C.progressively D.preliminarilyV、短语题六级词汇题中还有为数不少的短语类试题，对于这类试题的解答，主要根据该短语的句法功能确定所分属的词类，然后再根据上述四大词类的不同解题方法解答即可。例 27.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in A thens,set to when it arrived in New York.A.go off B.get off C.come off D.carry off例 28.A ttempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insultedw e r e.in no way B.on the contrary C.at a loss D.of no avail只是短语中还有一类不属于上述四大实词类的短语介词，对于解答这一类试题，一定要在理解空缺前后逻辑关系的基础上，才能较有把握地选定正确答案。例 29.The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot beexplained only familiarity with technology.A.in quest of B.by means of C.in terms of D.by virtue of六.如何扩大词汇量1）构词法2）复合词3）类别词的扩大4）同义、近义、近形词汇的对比记忆下面以名词为例构词法六级词汇中名词的构词特点体现在以下几个方面：纵 观（大纲）中的六级词汇，不难发现有相当比例的名词是从四级词汇派生而来的。1.加后缀有相当一部分六级名词是在四级词汇后加-tion,-ment,-ity,-ance等后缀表示性质状态，行为等从而构成六级词汇。(1)力 口-tion四级词汇 六级词汇tempt temptation诱惑，诱惑物reveal revelationtransact transactionvegetable vegetationpropose propositionirrigate irrigationjustify justification显示，揭露处理，交易植被，植物主张，建议，命题灌溉，冲洗认为有理，辩护abortabortion失败，夭折i d e n t i f yi d e n t i f i c a t i o n辨认，鉴定，证明p e r f e c tp e r f e c t i o n尽善尽美，完美，完成s p e c i f ys p e c i f i c a t i o n详述；规范，说明c o m p l i c a t e d c o m p l i c a t i o n复杂化c i r c u l a t ec i r c u l a t i o n循环s e n s es e n s a t i o n感觉c o m p e n s a t ec o m p e n s a t i o n补偿，赔偿c o n c e p tc o n c e p t i o n观念，概念i m i t a t ei m i t a t i o n模仿，效法c r e a t ec r e a t i o n创造加-i t y四级词汇六级词汇s p e c i a ls p e c i a l t y/s p e c i a l i t y专业p r o d u c t i v ep r o d u c t i v i t y生产率p u b l i cp u b l i c i t y公开，宣传h u m i dh u m i d i t y湿度h o s p i t a b l eh o s p i t a l i t y好客，盛情l i a b l el i a b i l i t y责任，义务，债务probableprobability能性，概率moralmorality道德力 口 -ance,-ence四级词汇六级词汇disturbdisturbance动荡，干扰resembleresemblance类似，类同之处attendattendance出席，照料relyreliance信任，依靠coincidecoincidence一致，巧合assureassurance确信，断言，保证力 口 -ment四级词汇六级词汇shipshipment装船，出货refreshrefreshment恢复，茶点engageengagement约会，定婚basebasement地下室，墙角harassharassment折磨unemployed unemployment失业复合词把两个或两个以上独立的词结合在一起构成一新词叫复合词。六级词汇中有很多是由两个使用频率很高的四级词汇构成的复合词，其中六级的复合名词也很多。复合词在书写时的特点是：有的直接连写，有的用连字符号连接。如：counterpartnickname绰号，昵称offspring子孙，后代safeguard保护，安全措施woodpecker啄木鸟drawback退税，欠缺streamline流线型beforehand预先breakdown崩溃，衰弱breakthrough突破commonwealth国民整体，联邦cocktail鸡尾酒，开味副本，配对物databasefellowshipforerunnerhandbookmanuscripttelecommunicationThanksgivingtrademarkturnover数据库，资料库交情，奖学金先驱者手册手稿，原稿电讯，长途通讯感恩，感恩祈祷商标翻覆（三）类别词汇的扩大在英语词汇中，有些词表示“类概念”，另一些词表示“种概念”。在六级词汇中，类别词汇的量有所增加。将这些类别词分类，通过联想、比较，可以进行快速记忆和扩大词汇量。如：reign 统治，支配君权类：tyranny 暴政，残暴sovereign统治者，君主 privilege 特权，优惠monarchmonopoly 垄断，独占throne 王位，君权tyrantroyalty暴君，专制君主皇家，皇族宗教类：Moslem穆斯林，伊斯 兰 教missionary传教士紫外线辐射 valvemonk修士mosque清真寺shrine神殿，神龛天义类：Venus金星Saturn土星Jupiter木星C omet慧星Galaxy星系工具类：sensor传感器monitor监视器mop拖把 shovel铲子rake钉耙 pulley滑轮，滑车printer打印机minicomputer微型机算机microprocessor 微处理机pantry食品柜porcelainpiston活塞科技术语：algebra 代数robot机器人photography摄影术projector放映机shuttle航天飞机theorem定理，原理torpedo鱼雷 tanker油轮torque转（力）矩triangle三角型trigger触发器，扳 机telex电报，电传打字机electronics电子学ultrasonic超声波ultraviolet电子管，真空管tuberculosis 肺结核uranium铀xerox静电胶印transplant移植terminology 术语学yacht游艇,快艇vaccinate种牛豆动物类：serpent 毒蛇swan天鹅gorilla大猩猩reptile爬行动物parrot鹦鹉woodpecker啄木鸟oyster牡蛎snail蜗牛shrimp虾peacock孔雀rooster公鸡puppy小狗sardine沙丁鱼salmon大马哈鱼shark鲨鱼 turtle海龟mammal哺乳动物locust蝗虫whale鲸鱼 panther美洲豹mosquito蚊子pest害虫植物类：tulip郁金香 walnut胡 桃（木）shrub灌木 pumpkin南瓜pineapple菠萝willow柳树olive橄 榄（树）maple枫树o p i u m鸦片c h e s t n u t栗子，栗树p e a n u t花生h e r b药草m u s t a r d芥菜，化学元素:n i c