大学体验英语视听说2原文.pdf

大学体验英语视听说2UNIT 1 McDonalds Business Model:The Three-legged StoolScriptMcDonalds Corporation(MCD)is one of the leading fast-food restaurant chains in theworld,touching the lives of people every day.As the worlds largest chain of restaurants,it primarily sells hamburgers,chicken,french fries,milkshakes,soft drinks,etc.The business began in 1940,with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and MacMcDonald.Initially,they just owned a hotdog stand.But after establishing the restaurantthey served around 25 items,which were mostly barbecued.It became a popular andprofitable teen hangout.Their introduction of the“Speed Service System”in 1948 established the principles ofthe modern fast-food restaurant.The present corporation dates its founding to the openingof a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc on April 15,1955.In effect,Kroc opened his first and the overall ninth restaurant in Chicago,Illinois,andgave birth to McDonalds Corporation.In 1958,the restaurant chain sold its 100millionth hamburger.In 1960,Kroc renamed his company as“McDonalds Corporation”.In 1961,Kroc convinced the McDonald brothers to sell the business rights to him in thecompany.Thus he purchased the brothers9 equity for a sum of$2.7million and led to itsworldwide expansion.As McDonalds expands successfully into many international markets,the companybecame a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life.Itsprominence also made it a frequent subject of public debates about obesity,corporateethics and consumer responsibility.ScriptTanya:Its the fast food chain with the iconic golden arches that have been spotted allover the world.Yes,we are talking about McDonalds.But did you know McDonalds,year after year,is voted one of the best places to work?Were looking today at thisall-American company and what we can learn from its success.Were joined by PaulFacella,author of the book,Everything I Know About Business,I Learned AtMcDonalds:The Seven Leadership Principles That Drive Breakout Success.Paul was aformer McDonalds executive who has the behind-the-scenes story on the worlds mostsuccessful restaurant organization.Hi there,Paul.Thanks for joining us.Paul:Thank you,Tanya.Nice to be here.Tanya:Now,while you no longer work for McDonalds,I understand that the companyhas had a huge impact on your life.Tell us why you decided to write a book on businesslessons that you learned from a fast food chain.Paul:Sure.Well,not only myself but literally hundreds of thousands of people that wentto the McDonald9s system and were guided by a lot of the principles.When I leftMcDonalds,I went into consulting and,and one of the surprises I had was many of theorganizations,both large and small,was the fact that some of the basic principles,someof the foundations that good organizations need to be successful,werent there.And I wasconstantly being asked about,4Well,tell me how you did in McDonalds”.And mythinking was,“Gee,Ill write a book about it and help my client base and Ill be able tohelp them move forward with it.So that was the thinking behind it.、Tanya:Well,were gonna get into some of those secrets of success.I wanna start byasking you,you know,obviously a lot of people know McDonalds for their burgers andBig Macs.But,Fm sure a lot people will be surprised to know that it has one of thehighest corporate employee retention rates of any company,I mean people assume,fastfood chain,people just want to get in and get out.What makes McDonalds so successful?Paul:I think,I think theres a number of factors,but I think the retention piece is aboutMcDonalds,when you work,there its really about a meritocracy.It is aboutadvancement that is based on achievement.And from the first crew person moving in allthe way up to store manager,ail the way up to the present CEO,Jim Skinner,who was acrew person 35 years ago and moved into,after 35 years,moved into the CEO ranks.Soits always been a progression of opportunity for people,and I think that*s one of the greatthings that keeps folks there.Every CEO has gone through the ranks.Tanya:Is there any crossover from those who work on the server side to the executiveside,or you have to go back to school for that?Paul:Oh,no,all the time,I mean,I started as a 16-year-old crew person.Mike Quinlan,whos a CEO for 14 years started in the mail room,so theres plenty of crossover.ScriptSince setting up the first McDonalds in China,the Western restaurant chain has beenexpanding steadily and successfully.So far,other than the home market-the UnitedStates-China is the No.1 growth market for McDonalds,with over 1000 restaurantsand over 60,000 employees.China also represents one third of all capital expenditures in the Asia-Pacific,Middle Eastand Africa region,where the fast-food giant is in 37 markets.According to Skinner,vice-chairman and CEO of this worlds largest fast-food company,Weve been steadilygrowing with China for the past 20 years and are very excited for what the future holds,“he says.In 1990,McDonalds chose Shenzhen,a pioneer Special Economic Zone in Guangdongprovince bordering Hong Kong,to open its first 500-seat store in the developing market.McDonalds quickly won over the local consumers,due to its many attractions like itsRonald McDonald clown,Golden Arches or the yellow M logo,Big Mac,the smilingattendants and the quick service.The success of the Shenzhen outlet promptedMcDonalds to expand its chain nationwide.And McDonalds has not stopped fromaggressively increasing the number of its outlets in China.The mainlands fast-foodmarket is growing at a rate of 16 percent per year.“We are going to continue our growth at a faster rate in China.China is a huge marketwith great opportunities for businesses around the world,and its no different forMcDonalds,Skinner adds.ScriptTanya:And in your book,youve broken down some of the keys,the fundamental keys ofMcDonalds success,in terms that can be applied to other companies.So,lets go throughthese one by one.The first you say is honesty and integrity,and this obviously comes at atime when so many people have lost trust in Wall Street.How can we apply this?Paul:Yeah,I think,its,well,honesty and integrity started very early on with Ray Krocwho started the McDonalds system in 1955,and back then franchises were just startingto proliferate,and there were not a lot of laws about how they would conduct businesses.And one of the things was done,sadly,was that many of those franchisors would takecommissions back from suppliers that supplied the franchisees product.From thebeginning,thats now how were gonna do businesses.Were gonna have integrity,weregonna be honest with our franchisees,I wanna the franchisees to make the first dollar,IHmake the second dollar,and that kind of got into the DNA very early.And to this day,there is a wonderful relationship of integrity and honesty with our relationships with ouroperators,with our vendors.Tanya:And I would imagine that motivates everybody because you feel like if you dowell,you will get rewarded.Paul:Thats correct.Absolutely,no question about that.How important everybodyworking together as a team is!Tanya:Right,and another secret to McDonalds9 success,I understand,is relationships,and the company apparently promotes the idea that relationships are sort of the secretsauce,as,if you will,and everyone who works for the company is a part of an extendedfamily,is that right?Paul:The Mcfamily!Tanya:Yeah.Paul:Its a great safe way from honesty and integrity.If you start with the foundation ofhonesty and integrity,it goes right into relationships.And Fred Turner,who is still tothis day,54 years later,is active,was actually the one that coined the phrase thethree-legged stool”.What it really meant was,that there were three legs in ourrelationship:the franchisees,the suppliers and the company people.And all of us pullingtogether,and working together as a team and the synergy of that team,is how it will besuccessful.And if you think about that,you know how important that is,that you reallydont want to let your team members down and you want them to be successful.Tanya:Sure,and every leg of the stool is only as strong as the other leg,right?Paul:Absolutely.Tanya:And another secret is the idea of standards.One of the McDonalds9 mottos,apparently,is never be satisfied?Yes.Tell us about the companys no excuses workingenvironment.Paul:Yeah,well,standards are very important and you know is-in order to have astandard,you have that measurement,and if its worth doing,its worth measuring.Andevery time you measure something,performance improves because people have aguideline-they know where theyre going,and that,thats actually part of even thepeople side of that.The meritocracy wasnt based on anything,but clear metrics on howyou advance through the ranks on that.But it was never satisfied,we always felt wecould do it harder,quicker,faster.And that stayed one step ahead of the competition andkept our franchisees the best in the system.Home ListeningInternational business is a term used to collectively describe all commercial transactions(private and governmental,sales,investments,logistics,and transportation)that takeplace between two or more nations.Usually,private companies 1)undertake suchtransactions for profit;governments for profit and for political reasons.It refers to allbusiness activities which involve cross 2)border transactions of goods,services andresources between two or more nations.Transaction of economic resources includecapital,skills,people,etc.for international production of physical goods,and servicessuch as finance,banking,3)insurance construction,etc.The increase in international business and in foreign 4)investment has created a need forexecutives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,have not been well trained in either area and,consequently,have not enjoyed the same level of success in 5)negotiation in aninternational arena as their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the process ofcommunicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement.It involvespersuasion and compromise,but in order to 6)participate in either one,the negotiatorsmust understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reachedwithin the culture of the negotiation.Home ListeningIn studies of American negotiators abroad,several traits have been 7identified thatundermine the negotiators position,two of which,in particular,are directness and 8)impatience,Furthermore,American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals.Foreignnegotiators,on the other hand,may value the relationship established between negotiatorsand may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.9)In order to solidify therelationship,they may choose indirect interactionsClearly,perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and thesuccess of negotiators.10)without regard for the time involved in getting to know theother negotiator.For Americans to play a more effective role in international businessnegotiations,they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222UNIT 2 Made in China_ScriptWhy buy products made in China?One of the most important reasons is that buyinggoods from China saves Americans over$10()billion annually.This is mostly due to thefact that Chinese workers are paid substantially less than comparable Americanemployees,as the cost of living is much higher in the U.S.American buyers(smallcompanies,major corporations,as well as every size in between)team up with Chinesesuppliers to establish a genuine win-win situation for all involved parties,as well as bothcountries.The Chinese suppliers make money because they are selling their Made inChina“products,and the American buyers are happy because they are purchasing finequality,inexpensive products for their business,therefore reducing their overall costs.Ifsuch an American buyer is in the retail industry,the low prices are passed on to theconsumer,all while paying an American worker to unpackage,monitor,maintain and sellthe item.As you can see,the trade market with China has more benefits than its given credit forby the advocates for homegrown goods.There is much more to helping the economy ofour country than insisting that we only purchase products that have been“Made in theUSA.Keeping the world economy spinning while simultaneously supporting corporateAmerica and the small businesses that make this country great is what will keep thiscountry strong in the future.Script“Here we go.”For Sara Bongiorni,it began with a simple question:Could she and her family livenormal lives for one year if they decided not to buy anything made in China?“Its nothing against China;if s more like an experiment to measure how far Chinaspushed into our lives.”The simple answer:It was everywhere in their lives,from her kitchen.“Our coffeemaker broke last year and we didnt replace it in time.All coffee makerscome from China unless youre gonna shell out for an expensive Italian espressomaker.to Kevins workroom.Pegboard hangers for his tools only come from China.Ive gone all year long with basically my tools just laying around.,?.to shoes forfast growing Wes.A non-China pair cost them 65 bucks,and when Kevins 20 dollarChinese sunglasses broke,Sara bought him some new ones made in the USA.“I believe they were about a hundred and fifty dollars,so that would not be normallyin thebudget.”And dont even get her started on finding toys for the kids.“That ones from China,huh?”The products the Bongiornis became so dependent on came from factories just likethis one here in China,and because of these factories,Americans get a bargain everytime they go shopping and these people get a chance at a better life.Chinas economy,at one time run by the state,is now all about private enterprise.15years ago,private industry contributed 5.3 billion dollars to the economy.Now thenumber is more like 288 billion,an increase of more than 5 thousand percent and stillclimbing because of factories like this one.These young women earn all of a hundreddollars a month.For Li Xiaoyu thats three times what her parents make as peasantfarmers.“You forget sometimes,you just see these things on a store shelf,but individualpeople make these items that are all over your house.I would love to know what theirlives are like.”Because of your work here,are you gonna have a better life,will you be able to buythings you want to have?”Yes,she tells us.The family now has a color TV and all new furniture.Low payingby ourstandards,these jobs change lives and fuel dreams.Jin Nanping is saving up so he cansomeday get married and have a house.For Sara,the experiment is over;she is back to buying from China.The globaleconomy seems like its way out there on the horizon,but in fact,its youre mixed upwith it right in your living room.America,it seems,is addicted to cheap goods from China,but China is just asaddicted to the profits that are resh