2018-2020年全国卷完型填空真题汇总及解析.pdf

2020年全国1卷完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just awindow.The 41 is obvious.If we 42 it is a door,theyll want to go outside 43.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparentlyknow the 44.But our insisting its 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids.One day theyll 42 and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.1wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50.1 have a very strong 5J.that the lie were telling is doing 52damage to our children.Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical（比喻）meanings.Tm telling them they cant open whatthey absolutely know is a door.What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity（机会）of some sort,and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 56 it and wonder,What if it isnt a door?That i s,What if it isnt a 57 opportunity?Maybe its an unreasonable fear.But the 58 is that I shouldnt lie to my kids.I should just 59 repeatedly having to say,No.We cant go outside now.Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they wont 60 toopen them and walk through.41.A.reliefB.targetC.reasonD.case42.A.admitB.believeC.meanD.realize43.A.graduallyB.constantlyC.temporarilyD.casually44.A.resultB.dangerC.methodD.truth45.A.merelyB.slightlyC.hardlyD.partly46.A.reviewingB.approvingC.receivingD.attempting47.A.win outB.give upC.wake upD.stand out48.A.dreamB.lieC.fantasyD.fact49.A.parentsB.twinsC.colleaguesD.teachers50 A.restrictionsB.explanationsC.differencesD.consequences51.A.demandB.fearC.desireD.doubt52.A.physicalB.biologicalC.spiritualD.behavioral53.A.traditionalB.importantC.doubleD.original54.A.lifeB.timeC.replyD.history55.A.by comparison withB.in addition toC.regardless ofD.instead of56.A.get hold ofB.stare atC.knock onD.make use of57.A.realB.TypicalC.similarD.limited58.A.safety ruleB.comfort zoneC.bottom lineD.top secret59.A.delayB.regretC.enjoyD.accept60.A.hurryB.decideC.hesitateD.intend【答案】41.C42.A 43.B 44.D45.A 46.D 47.C48.B 49.A 50.D51.B52.C 53.B 54.A55.D 56.B 57.A58.C 59.D 60.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这 样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：原因是明显的。A.relief安 慰；B.target目标；C.reason原 因；D.case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door,theyll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明 显 的,故 选 C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句 意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A.adm it承 认；B.believe相 信；C.mean意味着；D.realize意识到。下 文 theyll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句 意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A.gradually逐步地；B.constantly不断地；C temporarily 临时地；D casually 随便地。根据下文 I should just_59 repeatedly having to say,No.We cant gooutside now.”可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故 选 B。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A.result结 果；B.danger危 险；C.method方 法；D.truth真相。下文 But our insisting ifs 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩布门是知道真相的。故 选 D。45题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句 意：但 是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A.merely只不过；B.slightly轻微地；C.hardly几乎不”.partly部分地。我 在 搪 塞 孩 子,所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故 选 A。【46题详解】考直动名词词义辨析。句 意：但 是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A.reviewing 回 顾；B.approving 赞 成；C.receiving 收 至;D.attempting 尝试。根据 millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故 选 D。47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句 意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A.win out最后获得成功；B.give up放 弃；C.wake up开始了解真相；D.stand out站出来。根 据 anddiscover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天,孩 不 j会开始了解真相。故选 C。48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A.dream梦 想；B.lie谎 言；C.fantasy幻 想；D.fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故 选 B。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A.parents父 母；B.twins双胞胎；C.colleagues同 事；D.teachers老师。根据下文to our children,可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故 选 A。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A.restrictions限 制；B.explanations解 释；C.differences差 异；D.consequences结果。根据theyll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后 果 二 故 选 D。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A.demand要 求;B.fear 害 怕;C.desire 欲 望;D.doubt 怀疑。根据 that the lie were telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和 Maybe its an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A.physical身体的；B biological生物的；C.spiritual心灵的；D.behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撤谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句 意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A.traditional传统的；B.important重要的；C.double双重的；D.original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样二由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选瓦【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句 意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门,抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样二A.life生 活；B.time时 间；C.reply回 答；D.history 历史。根据 Then whenthey come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故 选 A。55题详解】考查短语辨析。句 意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机 会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将 会 怎 么 样 二 A.by comparison with与相 比;B.in additionto 除之 外；C.regardless of不 管；D.instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今 后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时,会观 望，而不是打开“门 二 故 选 D。【56题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句 意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A.get hold of抓 住；B.stare at凝 视；C.knockon敲 击（门、窗）；D.make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩布门在凝视着“机会”。故 选 B。【57题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句 意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样?A.real真 的；B.typical典型的；C.similar相似的；D.limited有限的。孩子 面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故 选 A。58题详解】考查名词短语词义辨析。句 意：但 是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B.comfort zone舒适带;C.bottom line底 线；D.top secret绝密的。根据I shouldnt lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选Co【59题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句 意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。A.delay推 迟；B.regret后 悔；C.enjoy享 受；D.accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不,我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。【60题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句 意：然 后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A.hurry匆 忙；B.decide决 定；C.hesitate犹 豫；D.intend打算。根 据 and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。2019年全国1卷完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 41 with themlots of waste.The 42 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing,changing the 43 ofKilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im 44 about the place other destinations are described as“purer“natural experiences.However,I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons,of rubbish.Ifind a 47 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 48_ but the effortsmade by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49.The best of a Kilimanjaro 50,in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 51 as spiritual places bymany cultures.This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the spaceof a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,54 lands of low growing plants.Furtherup,the weather 55 low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 56 twelve shadesof green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57:gravel（砾石），stones and rocks.58 you climbinto an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I41.D。【解析】前文提到了很多人去游览时将垃圾废物带到了山上，故选D。found the opposite to be true.41.A.keep B.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silent B.skeptical C.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.allD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.paying offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observed C.explored D.regarded52.A.view B.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientistsB.climbers C.localsD.officials54.A.holding on toB.going back toC.living up toD.giving way t55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagine C.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoy B.deserveC.saveD.acquire42.C。【解析】根据上文40,000 people可 知，这些人可能破坏这个地方的美，故选C。4 3 c【解析】由The glaciers（冰 川）are disappearing”可知人类的活动影响了地貌,故选C。4 4.B。【解析】此处是指作者通过游客对自然环境的破坏而对“（游 览）乞力马扎罗山是更纯正的自然之行”这一说法的怀疑，故 选 B.45.A。【解析】由后文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of，可知作者是“发现”情况有所改观，故选A。46.C。【解析】由后文“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知这里指垃圾堆里面的营地,故选C。47.D。【解析】后文举了营地和小路附近设置了洗手间的例子，故此处指山地变得干净了，故 选 D。48.C。【解析】根据文章内容可知环境挑战是重大的，故选C。49.A。【解析】由上文“the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be”推测做出的努力没有白费。pay off意为“付 清；解 雇；取得成功”；spread out意为“伸 展；分 散；铺设”;blow up意为“（使）爆 炸；爆 发；发怒”;fade away意为“消 失；衰 退；消 散 二 故 选 A。来源:Z_xx_k.Com50.Bo【解析】结合上文“natural experience和下文isnt reaching the top”可知应选 Bo51.D。【解析】由as spiritual places by many cultures”可知此处指很多文化都将山峰作为一种精神的象征，故 选 D。52.A。【解析】空 前 的 this提示此处是承接上句进行详细分析。此处指这种对于山峰的敬畏、崇敬等精神寄托在乞力马扎罗山上更为明显。故选A。53.B。【解析】由g。though five ecosystems”可知需要经历以千米计的行程、跨过五种生态系统的人们更可能是登山者，故 选 B。、54.D。【解析】前文提到最下方是雨林，空后提到的是灌木类，后文环境变成了草地。由此可见是指自然环境的变化，故 选 D。55.A。【解析】破折号后提及云朵低垂覆住了山腰，且生长的植物类型从高大乔木变成了草。所 以 选 A,气候的变化导致了这类景观的出现。56.C。【解析】由下文“twelve shades of green from where I stand”可知作者数了 12种草的色调，故选C。57.B。【解析】由空后例举的gravel（砂 石），stone（石 头）和 rocks（山岩）可知此处的地貌为高原沙漠,故 选 B58.D。【解析】由后文讲到出现冰雪可知已经达到了接近峰顶的部分，故 选 D。59.A。【解析】根据前面arctic-like可知此处指像极地一样亘古不化的冰雪，故 选 A。60.B。【解析】由后文“opposite is true”可知前一句的否定意义才是事实。故排除C 和 D。enjoy a reputation常指享有美 誉，故不适合。由下文“its reputation as a crowded mountain”可知此处指乞力马扎罗山配得它的拥挤的山的名声吗，故 选 B。2018年全国1卷完型填空阅 读 下 面 短 文，从 短 文 后 各 题 所 给 的 A、B、C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a freecourse,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because,after all,whodoesnt want to 42 a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess.And,even if Iwerent 43 enough about free credits,news about our 44 was appealing enough to me.He was aninternational grandmaster,which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46.I could hardlywait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this 48 was no gamefor him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.Inorder to 50 the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what wewould learn in class to our future professions and,52,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he 55 me:uThe absolutemost important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.On every single moveyou have to 58 a situation,process what your opponent（对手）is doing and 59 the best move fromamong all your options.These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41.A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiest C.bestD.rarest41.B.【解析】考察动词词组。后文中说因为毕竟，谁不想省个几块钱呢，说明作者想要参加这次课程，jump at表示想要积极参加，所以选择B.（A.提 出 B.急切地想要接受C.尝 试 D.调 小；婉 拒）47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desiieC.concernD.behavior42.C.【解析】考察前后文联系。前 文 说 offering a free course,提供免费课程，所以相应选择省几块钱。（A.浪费 B.赚C.节 省 D.支 付）43.A.【解析】考察前后文联系。后文说老师的事情非常吸引我，也就是说前文需要虽然我对于学分不感兴趣。（A.兴奋 的 B.担 心 的 C.感 动 的 D.累 的）44.D.【解析】考察前后文联系。后文说他是一个国际大师，所以是指导老师非常吸引他。（A 标 题 B.竞 争 者 C.课本D.指 导 者）45.D.【解析】考察动词和宾语从句的搭配。前文说老师很厉害，所以这意味着我会跟本领域最厉害的人学习。（A.督促B.要 求 C.保 持 D.意 味 着）46.C.【解析】考察形容词做名词使用。The+形容词表示一类人，在这里表示我会跟着领域最厉害的人学习，the best表示一类。（A.最决的人B.最 简 单 的 人 C.最 好 的 人 D.最罕见的人）47.B.【解析】考察前后文联系。前文说老师很厉害，所以他迫不及待想见到他。（A.面 试 B.见 到 C.挑 战 D.打败）48.D.【解析】考察前后文联系。前文说这是要上这门课的老师，所以对于他来说，这是一份工作，而且这份工作对于他不是开玩笑。（A.机 会 B.资 质 C.荣 誉 D.工 作）49.C.【解析】考 察 make的动词搭配，make sth adj.让某事怎么样，it是形式宾语，指的是后文我们的绩点很难拿到，表示他说的很清楚我们的绩点很难拿到。（A.真 正 的 B.完 美 的 C.清 楚 的 D.可能的）50.B.【解析】考察动词词组。文中说为了通过这门课，所以选择B。（A.参 加 B.通 过 C.跳 过 D.观 察）51.C.【解析】考察上下文。后文中说把我们在课上所学的应用到我们将来的职业中，所以选择C。（A.添 加 B.暴露 C.应 用，申 请 D.比 较）52.A【解析】考察上下文。根据上文and之前应用到职业中进而最终应用到我们的生活中国，所以选择A。（A.最终 地 B.自然地C.直 接 地 D.正 常 地）53.C.【解析】名词复现。在那个课上，指上文的围棋课。所以选择Co（A.游 戏 B.陈 述，表 演 C.课 程 D.实 验）54.B.【解析】上下文。文中说在课上学的人生哲学能够在课堂外很好的服务我，所以选择B。（A.标 准 B.教 室 C.部门 D.情 况 形 势）55.A.【解析】考察动词词组。前文中说我仍然在使用老师教给我的，所以选择A。（A.教 B.写 C.质 疑 D.承 若,保 证）56.D.【解析】考察上下文，文中说当你下棋时最重要的技能是学会如何做好决定，所 以 选 择 D。（A.事 实 B.步骤 C.方 式 D.技 能）57.B.【解析】考察动词词组。文中说当你下棋时最重要的技能是学会如何做好决定，所以选择B。（A.年 级 B.决定C.印 象 D.评 论）58.A.【解析】考察动词词组。文中说每一次移动，你不得不分析形势和情况，所以选择A。（A.分 析 B,描 述 C.重建 D.控 制）59.D.【解析】考察动词词组。文中说每一次移动，你不得不分析形势，你的对手正在做的过程步骤，并且从你的选择汇总评估最好的移动。所以选择D。（A.宣 布 B.发 信 号 C.阻 塞 D.评 估）60.A.【解析】考察名词。文中这些话在我作为记者这个角色的工作中仍然听上去是真的，所以选择Ao（A.角色B.渴望C.关 心 D.行 为）2020年全国2 卷完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It was just after sunrise on a June morning.Nicolo,“whose real name cannot be 4 to the public because of Italysprivacy laws,42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin.As he often did,he stopped by the“after work auction（拍卖）”43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.There,among many other things,Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder 46 untilNicolo finally won the paintings for$32.When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily,he 47 the paintings with him.He hung them above the same table hehad 48 from Turin.His son,age 15,who had 49 an art appreciation class,thought that there was something 50 about the onewith a young girl sitting on a garden chair.It was signed（签名）“Bonnato“or so he thought,but when he 51 it,he onlyfound“Bonnard,“a French 52 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist PierreBonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father painting.“Thats the garden in our picture Nicolos son told his father.They 55 learned that the painting they 56was called“The Girl with Two Chairs.They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguins Still Life of Fruit on aTable with a Small Dog.The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry;the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 andworth as much as$50 million.41.A.attachedB.allocatedC.exposedD.submitted42.A.finishedB.delayedC.consideredD.tried43.A.attendedB.reservedC.cancelledD.run44.A.shownB.foundC.keptD.hidden45.A.niceB.familiarC.usefulD.real46.A.battledB.debate