虚拟语气知识课件-高三英语二轮专题.pptx
虚拟语气知识精要Directed by HJH 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等，其主要用法可归纳为一种定语从句、两种目的从句、三种随时变化句、四种名词性从句、五种特殊句来记忆。1、一种定语从句即 Its time that 这一种结构引导的定语从句谓语动词用“过去式”或“should+动词原形”，其中 should 不可省略。Its time that we had/should have a rest.2、两种目的从句即 so that 和 in order that 这两种结构引导的目的状语从句。谓语动词用“can/may/或could/might+动词原形”。Speak loud so that we can/might hear you.He stopped so that he could/might take a breath.3、三种随时变化句即if条件句，wish引导的宾语从句和as if 引导的状语从句。其变化规律是把时态往前推一步，即：用一般过去时表示一般现在时；用过去完成时表示一般过去时；过去将来时表示一般将来时。（1）if 条件句：If I were you,I would accept her offer.(现在)If you had come here,you would have seen him.(过去)If it rained tomorrow,the crops would be saved.(将来)If it were to rain tomorrow,the crops would be saved.(将来)If it should rain tomorrow,the crops would be saved.(将来)值得注意的是：含蓄条件句：有时条件句并非由if 引导，而是由or,otherwise,with,without,but for 等词引导。But for your help,I couldnt have succeeded.倒装条件句：省略if,把were或 should提前。Had I had time last week,I could have gone to Beijing.Were she to leave today,she could arrive next Monday.混合时间句：从句和主句的动作不是发生在同一时间，这时应视实际情况加以调整。If you had studied hard before,you could know the answer now.(从句发生在过去，主句发和在现在)If I should not take the exam tomorrow,I would go to the cinema now.(从句发生在将来，主句发生在现在)虚实错综句：同一句子中，既有虚拟语气，又有陈述语气。Einstein could have been very rich,but he cared little for money(前句是虚拟语气，后句是陈述语气)(2)wish 引导的宾语从句：该从句用何种时间并不是由wish本身的时间来确定，而是由与wish的时间差来确定。发生在wish之前就指过去；发在wish同时就指现在；发生在wish之后就指将来。She wished she had married you last year.She wished she married you now.She wished she could marry you next year.(请别认为wished是过去时，后接的从句就只能是指过去难以实现的愿望)注意：if only 相当于wish,因此其谓语动词的构成与wish引导的宾语从句相同。If only you had stayed with us last night.(3)as if/as though引导的状语从句：该从句的时间也是由与主句谓语的时间差来确定的，其方法与wish相同。It looks as if it/as though she were two years younger today.注意：若情况属实，也可用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.(真的要下雨了。)4、四种名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这四种名词性从句用虚拟语气时，谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成，should可以省略。（1）当表语是important,natural,necessary,possible,strange,arranged,decided,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,surprising,a pity,a shame,no wonder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。It is important that we(should)help each other.It is ordered that you(should)not smoke here.（2）动词一坚持（insist），两命令（command,order），三建议(advise,propose,suggest)，四要求(ask,demand,request,require)后的宾语从句及其同源名词后的要用虚拟语气。He insisted that he(should)be sent to the west.I requested that you should attend the party.注意：insist意为“坚决认为”；suggest意为“暗示，表明”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Her pale face suggested that she was ill,so I suggested that she(should)go to see a doctor.(3)表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we should hold a class meeting.(4)表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。The office gave an order that his soldiers should fight back bravely.5、五种特殊句（1）would rather+从句,与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。、I would rather he stayed home today.I would rather he stayed home tomorrow.I would rather he had stayed home yesterday.（2）expect,guess,hope,mean,plan,suppose,think,want,wish等动词把动词时态往前推一步或接不定式的完成式可表示不切实际的想法或未能实现的愿望。I had hoped to stay home but I had to attend an important meeting.(3)情态动词+完成式，表示“本应该、本能够、本可以、本不必”等意思。He might have caught the train.（4）even if/even thought 有时亦可用虚拟语气，其结构与条件句相同。Even if he had been saved on time,he would have died.（5）表示祝愿的句子。Long live the people.May all your dreams come true!Thank youThank you
