2022考研英语真题：英语一真题.pdf

20212021 考研英语真题：考研英语真题：英语一真题英语一真题完整版完整版Directions:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though Though not not biologically biologically related,related,friends friends are are as as“related“relatedas as fourth fourth cousins,cousins,sharing sharing about about 1%1%of of genes.genes.That That is is _(1)_a _(1)_a study,study,published published from from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has_(2)_.the National Academy of Sciences,has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects subjects which which _(4)_pairs _(4)_pairs of of unrelated unrelated friends friends and and unrelated unrelated strangers.strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While While 1%1%may may seem_(6)_,it seem_(6)_,it is is not not so so to to a a geneticist.geneticist.As As James James Fowler,Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not not even even _(7)_their _(7)_their fourth fourth cousins cousins but but somehow somehow manage manage to to select select as as friends friends the people who_(8)_our kin.the people who_(8)_our kin.The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in in friends friends but but not not genes genes for for immunity immunity.Why.Why this this similarity similarity exists exists in in smell smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could there is more_(11)_it.There could be be many many mechanisms mechanisms working working together together that that _(12)_us _(12)_us in in choosing choosing genetically genetically similar friends_(13)_similar friends_(13)_functional Kinshipfunctional Kinshipof being friends of being friends with_(14)_!with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why help_(16)_why human human evolution evolution picked picked pace pace in in the the last last 30,000 30,000 years,years,with with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The The findifindings ngs do do not not simply simply explain explain peoples_(18)_to peoples_(18)_to befriend befriend those those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that taken to_(20)_that all all subjects,subjects,friends friends and and strangers,strangers,were were taken taken from from the same population.the same population.1.A when B why C how D what 1.A when B why C how D what 2.A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised 2.A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised 3.A for B with C on D by 3.A for B with C on D by 4.A compared B sought C separated D connected 4.A compared B sought C separated D connected 5.A tests B s Csamples D examples 5.A tests B s Csamples D examples 6.A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible 6.A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible 7.A visit B miss C seek D know 7.A visit B miss C seek D know 8.A resemble B influence C favor D surpass 8.A resemble B influence C favor D surpass 9.A again B also C instead D thus 9.A again B also C instead D thus 10.A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps 10.A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps 11.A about B to Cfrom Dlike 11.A about B to Cfrom Dlike 12.A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit 12.A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit 13.13.A A according according to to B B rather rather than than C C regardless regardless of of D D along along with with 14.A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits 14.A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits 15.A later Bslower C faster D earlier 15.A later Bslower C faster D earlier 16.Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress 16.Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress 17.A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D 17.A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D disruptive disruptive 18.A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency 18.A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency 19.A political B religious C ethnic D economic 19.A political B religious C ethnic D economic 20.A see B show C prove D tell 20.A see B show C prove D tell Section II Reading Comprehension Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Part A Directions:Directions:Read the following four Read the following four texts.texts.Answer the questions below each text Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 Text 1 that that as as English English history history shows,shows,it it is is kings,kings,not not republicans,republicans,who who are are the the monarchys worst enemies.monarchys worst enemies.21.21.According According to to the the first first two two Paragraphs,Paragraphs,King King Juan Juan Carlos Carlos of of Spain Spain A used turn enjoy high public support A used turn enjoy high public support B was unpopular among European royals B was unpopular among European royals C cased his relationship with his rivals C cased his relationship with his rivals Dended his reign in embarrassment Dended his reign in embarrassment 22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly 22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly A owing to their undoubted and respectable status A owing to their undoubted and respectable status B to achieve a balance between tradition and reality B to achieve a balance between tradition and reality C to give voter more public figures to look up to C to give voter more public figures to look up to Ddue to their everlasting political embodiment Ddue to their everlasting political embodiment 23.23.Which Which of of the the following following is is shown shown to to be be odd,odd,according according to to Paragraph Paragraph 4?4?A Aristocratsexcessive reliance on inherited wealthA Aristocratsexcessive reliance on inherited wealthB The role of the nobility in modern democracies B The role of the nobility in modern democracies C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families DThe nobilitys adherence to their privilegesDThe nobilitys adherence to their privileges24.The British royals“have most to fear24.The British royals“have most to fearbecause Charles because Charles A takes a rough line on political issues A takes a rough line on political issues B fails to change his lifestyle as advised B fails to change his lifestyle as advised C takes republicans as his potential allies C takes republicans as his potential allies D fails to adapt himself to his future role D fails to adapt himself to his future role 25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined A Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined B Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne B Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne C Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs C Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs DCharles,Slow to React to the Coming Threats DCharles,Slow to React to the Coming Threats TEXT 2 TEXT 2 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of of a a mobile mobile phone phone without without a a warrant warrant if if the the phone phone is is on on or or around around a a person person during an arrest.during an arrest.California California has has asked asked the the justices justices to to refrain refrain from from a a sweeping sweeping ruling,ruling,particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,the state argues,for judges to assess the implications of It is hard,the state argues,for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice.advice.Enough Enough of of the the implications implications are are discernable,discernable,even even obvious,obvious,so so that that the the justice justice can can and and should should provide provide updated updated guidelines guidelines to to police,police,lawyers lawyers and defendants.and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vast storehouse of digital exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vast storehouse of digital information information is is similar similar to to say,say,going going through through a a suspects suspects purse purse.The.The court court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through through the the wallet wallet or or porcketbook,porcketbook,of of an an arrestee arrestee without without a a warrant.warrant.But But exploring ones smartphoexploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A ne is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone smartphone may may contain contain an an arrestees arrestees reading reading history history,financial,financial history,history,medical medical history history and and comprehensive comprehensive records records of of recent recent correspondence.correspondence.The The development development of of“cloud“cloud puting.meanwhile,meanwhile,has has made made that that exploration exploration so much the easier.so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections.Orin Kerr,a law professor,compares the Constitutions protections.Orin Kerr,a law professor,compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in in the the 20th:20th:The The justices justices had had to to specify specify novel novel rules rules for for the the new new personal personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it 26.The Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to is legitimate to A search for suspectsmobile phones without a warrant.A search for suspectsmobile phones without a warrant.B check suspectsphone contents without being authorized.B check suspectsphone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of27.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA tolerance.A tolerance.B indifference.B indifference.C disapproval.C disapproval.D cautiousness.D cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring ones 28.The author believes that exploring ones phone content is phone content is comparable to comparable to A getting into ones residence.A getting into ones residence.B handing ones historical records.B handing ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.D going through ones wallet.29.In Paragraph 5 and 6,the author shows his concern that 29.In Paragraph 5 and 6,the author shows his concern that A principles are hard to be clearly expressed.A principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.B the court is giving police less room for action.C phones are used to store sensitive information.C phones are used to store sensitive information.D citizensprivacy is not effective protected.D citizensprivacy is not effective protected.30.Orin 30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate thatKerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Text 3 Text 3 The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread widespread concern concern that that basic basic mistakes mistakes in in data data analysis analysis are are contributing contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must hav