2022年全国统一高考英语解析（全国乙卷）.pdf

Evaluation Warning:The document was created with Spire.Doc fbr.NET.河南省2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分 3 0 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5小题;每小题1.5 分，满 分 7.5 分）听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有1 0 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是Co1.What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.Why does the man suggest going to the park?A.Its big.B.Its quiet.C.Ifs new.4.How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5 Where is the mans table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.In the comer.第二节（共 1 5 小题 海 小 题 1.5 分，满 分 2 2.5 分）听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。6.What arc the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.7.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?第1页/总28页A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.Its easy to hire people.9.How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at atime.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run a museum.11.What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the army.C.He worked in a gallery.12.Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandfs.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.14.By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tired ofit.16.What is Susans attitude to Johns problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听 第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.18.Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.19.Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.20.What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go fbr the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love fbr his home country.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved第2页/总28页painter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout the world,it is thefirst major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures fbr the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct.,15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct.,13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation inRaeburns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov.,13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition:17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed:24-26 December and 1 January.Admission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up to andincluding those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.1.What is the right time fbr attending Raeburns English Con temporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay fbr admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.3.How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They should come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.【答案】LB 2.B 3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。【1题详解】第3 页/总28页细节理解题。根据表格右上角 Raeburns English Contemporaries 部 分 Thursday 30 Oct.（10 月3 0 日星期四）”可 知,在 10月 3 0 日星期四可以去参力口 Raeburns English Contemporaries。故选B 项。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据 Admission 部 分“4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult areadmitted free.（4 英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。）”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8 英镑。故选B 项。【3 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all infull-time education,up to and including those at first degree level,in organised groups withteachers.（所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2 英镑的特别低入场费。）”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C 项。BIn 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Aubum,N.Y.Dorothy Woodruff andRosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-roomschoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to moveto Elkhcad,Colo,to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two SocietyGirls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy WoodrufPsgranddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,they realizedwhat they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamondand Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring,thesnow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickcndcns book,she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which ofcourse influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building ofthe railroads,which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.Thebook ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow all第4 页/总28页around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals:fbxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.4.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.C.To write a book.B.To study American history.D.To do sightseeing.5.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.C They lived with the local kids.B.They had a room with a bathtub.D.They suffered severe hardships.6Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.7.What is the text?B.The living conditions in Elkhead.D.The natural beauty of the West.AA news report.B.A book review.C.A childrens story.D.A diaryentry.【答案】4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse.（1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩-DorothyWoodruff fl I Rosamond Underwood-来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。）”可知，Dorothy和 Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A 项。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and like them,hadlittle privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.（他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。）”以及“In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over icc.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D 项。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,whichentailed drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的段与铁路建第5 页/总28页设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C 项。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.（这本书以Rosamond和 Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very goodstoryteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing/Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。）”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B 项。CCan a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at thesame time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likely future ofapplying todays eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of railtracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide arc safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do preciselythe same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastnicture such as the correctposition of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the morerailway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut andoperations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnelsafety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year onmaintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the railinfrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crewsefforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services forrailways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.Toperform these tasks,drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on anew concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,andprogrammed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travellingahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,they could signal anyproblem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones9 reliable performance in remote第6 页/总28页areas.9.What does“maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.C.Inspection and repair.10.What function is expected of the rail drones?A To provide early warning.C.To earn profits for the crews.11.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceB.Assistance from drones.D.Construction of infrastructure.B.To make trains run automatically.D.To accelerate transportation.D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electricallines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of railinfrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.（无人机已经被用 于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置）”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。【9 题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance stafG often at night,to inspect andrepair the rail infrastructure.（据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C 项：Inspection and repair（检第7 页/总28页修）含义相近。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 uEngineers arc now working on a new concept:the rail dronesof the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to runautonomously（工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行）”可知铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safetyand reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros eachyear?That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the sky9 technology to making surethat the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and inGastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe fbr trainson a24/7 basis.（一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。）”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D 项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers firstpredicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g ofsugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（BE W）.It is believed that today*schildren and teenagers arc consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at ahigher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year fbr the Treasury.However,data of thefirst six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate240m fbr the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut bymanufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 inillion fewer kilosof sugar as a result of manufacturers1 efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.SinceApril drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drinkthey produce or import,depending on the sugar content.However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are第8 页/总28页refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholicdrinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than Im litres per year.Today*s figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar taxis having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next g