全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟卷.pdf

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟卷（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答L 2 0 题of all the substances people intoxicate themselves with,alcohol is the least restrictedand causes the most harm.Many illegal drugs are more dangerous to those who usethem,but are relatively l_to obtain,which limits their 2_.3_,alcohol is omnipresent,so far more people suffer 4_its adverse effects.No Western country has 5_alcohol since America abolished Prohibition in 1933.It ispopular and easy to produce.Making it illegal enriches criminals and starts turfwars.In-recent years governments have begun 6_other drugs.7_,to limit the harmcaused by alcohol,states have tried to discourage people from drinking,using taxes,awareness campaigns and 8_on where,when and to whom alcohol is 9_.The alcohol industry has pitched itself as part of the 10_.In Britain more than 100producers and retailers have 11 a responsibility deal and promised to help peopleto drink within guidelines,mostly by buying ads promoting moderation.However,ifthese campaigns were 12_,they would ruin their sponsors finances.According toresearchers from the Institute of Alcohol Studies,a think-tank,and the University ofSheffield,some two-fifths of alcohol 13 in Britain is in excess of the recommendedweekly maximum of 14 units(about one glass of wine per day).Industry executivessay they want the public to drink less,but drink better,meaning fewer,fancierliquor.But people would need to pay 22-98%more per drink to 14 the revenue lossthat such a steep drop in consumption would cause.Health 15 have taken note of such arithmetic.Some now wonder if Liquor Giantis 16 in its efforts to 17 alcohol abuse.In 2018 Americas National Institutes of Healthstopped a$100m study of 18 drinking,which was partly funded by alcoholfirms,19 its design was biased in their products favour.And this year the WorldHealth organization and Englands public-health authority banned their staff fromworking with the industry.Producers are ready to fend 20 regulators.In 1999 alcohol firms invested half as muchon lobbying in America as tobacco firms did.Today they spend 31%more.1、单选题 第1题答案是A.hardB.severeC.easyD.likely正确答案：A参考解析：翻 译：各类违禁药物对其使用者来说更加危险，但由于相对获 得，本段首句是主旨句，提到 alcohol is the least restricted and causes themost harm。酉精受到的限制最少，造成的危害却最大），空格处的主语为违禁药 品，移栽与酒精进行对比，证明酒精危害比违禁药品大。虽然违禁药品更危险，但是危害不如酒精大，因为违禁药品的获取难度大。A正确。2、单选题 第2题答案是A.incidenceB.impactC.inferenceD.issue正确答案：B参考解析:翻译:各类违禁药品对其使用者来说更危险，但由于相对较难获取,其 限 制 它 的 一.结合前后句逻辑关系，由于违禁药品难以获得，因此其危害或者不良影响受到限制。B正确。3、单选题 第3题答案是A.ln returnB.ln effectC.ln vainD.ln contrast正确答案：D参考解析:第一段是酒与违禁物品的对比，违禁药品更加危险，但是较难获取,酒无处不在，所以更多人收到了不良影响。两者进行了一个对比、比较。Incontrast 相比之下 有对比之意，故为正确选项。4、单选题 第4题答案是A.byB.intoC.fromD.over正确答案：c参考解析：翻 译：相比之下，酒精无处不在，目 前，受其不良作用影响的人也就更多。这个题是固定搭配。suffer.from意 为 遭 受 。C正确。5、单选题 第5题答案是A.bannedB.fundedC.granted0.allowed正确答案：A参考解析：翻 译：自1933年美国废除禁酒令以来，没有一个西方国家酉 通 过America abolish Prohubition可 知，应该是没有哪一个西方国家禁止酒，banned（禁止）符合句意。6、单选题 第6题答案是A.legalizingB.allocatingC.restricting0.checking正确答案：A参考解析：翻 译：近 年 来，各 国 政 府 已 开 始 将 其 他 药 物.上一句Makingitillegal enriches criminals and starts turf wars,所以今年来,应该是使其合法。A正确。7、单选题 第7题答案是A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.Instead0.Otherwise正确答案：C参考解析：该句空格处需要填写一个逻辑副词，来体现该句与上句之间的逻辑关 系，上一句是各国政府已经开始将其他药物合法化，后一句是为了减少酒精带来的危害，所以应该是转折的insteado C正确。8、单选题 第8题答案是A.subjectsB.limitsC.consequences0.strategies正确答案：B参考解析：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图劝人们不要喝酒推知，各国对于酒精的限制是比较严格的。四个选项中只有选项limits（限制）符合句意，故为正确选项。9、单选题 第9题答案是A.boughtB.neededC.purchasedD.sold正确答案：D参考解析：翻 译：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图通过征税、开展宣传活动以及限制酒的_ _ _ _ 地点、时间和销售对象来劝人们不要喝酒.上下文可推知，各国限制了购买酒精的条件。特别需要注意的是to whom alcohol i s中的被动语态以及定语从句。sold（销售）可构成搭配sell sth.to sb.（将某物卖给某人）符合句意。10、单选题 第10题答案是A.causeB.studyC.solution0.qualification正确答案：C参考解析：翻 译：酒业将自身定位为的一部分.后面描述了英国生产商和零售商的一些举措来告诫公众适度饮酒，可知酒业积极参与到政府推行的劝人们不要喝酒的一系列行动中。四个选项中只有选项solution（解决方案）符合句意。11、单选题 第11题答案是A.releasedB.noticedC.kept0.signed正确答案：D参考解析：翻 译：在 英 国，一百多家生产商和零售商了 一 份 责 任 书 ，承诺 帮助人们按照指导方针饮酒.酒业将自身定位为解决方案的一部分可推知酒精的生产商和零售商着手解决问题，同意履行责任与义务。Dsigned与责任书搭配、D正确。12、单选题 第12题答案是A.effectiveB.riskyC.idleD.familiar正确答案：A参考解析：翻 译：然 而,如果这些活动真的的 话,它们会损害广告赞助商的收入.一百多家零售商承诺帮助人们按指导方针饮酒，这个活动跟赞助商的收入受损害是因果关系，如果赞助商的收人受到损害，那么就说明人们对酒的购买力下降，即适度饮酒的宣传产生了效果。A正确。13、单选题 第13题答案是A.hadB.consumedC.used0.provided正确答案：B参考解析：翻 译：在英国，约有五分之二的饮酒人的超出了每周建议饮酒量的上限，即14个单位（大约每天一杯酒）.空格填写动词，表明五分之二的人每天喝了超过一杯酒。consumed。肖耗）符合句意。14、单选题 第14题答案是A.make up forB.make forC.make fromD.make off正确答案：A参考解析：翻译:但是，人们需要为每一杯酒多支付22%到98%的钱，以_ _ _ _急剧下降的消费总额所造成的收入损失.前一段酒业高管希望公众少喝酒，喝好酒，每杯就多出百分之22到98的钱，来弥补消费总额减少带来的损失。所以A正确。15、单选题 第15题答案是A.advocatesB.criticsC.observers0.officials正确答案：D参考解析：翻 译：卫生_ _ _ _ _ 已经注意到了这笔帐.此空格需要结合本段其它句子中的主语解题,语分别是some（一些人）、Americas National Institutes ofHealth.World Health Organization，本段的主体为监管民众卫生的相关机构。所以空格处填写official官员,D正确。16、单选题 第16题答案是A.ambitiousB.sincereC.experienced0.civilized正确答案：B参考解析：ambitious有野心的、有雄心的sincere真诚的、诚挚的expericence经历、感 受civilize教化、使有教养空格处的填空是酒业大公司对人们不要酗酒的态度，是不是真的努力了，通过后文可知由于酒业公司资助的研究偏袒其产品，因此其诚意受到了人们的质疑，所以B 真诚的 正确。17、单选题 第17题答案是A.distractB.displayC.distinguish0.discourage正确答案：D参考解析：翻 译：现在，一些人想知道酒业巨头是否真的在努力人们酗酒.上一段提到，酒业着手处理酒精所导致的问题，打算通过广告宣传等方式帮助人们适度饮酒。同时酒业高管们说，他们希望公众 少喝酒，喝 好 酒 ，然后后文又提到了美国研究院停止了一想适度饮酒的研究，因为其设计偏袒酒业公司。由此可知，本句要表达的意思是酒业巨头是否真的努力阻止人们酗酒。D正确。18、单选题 第18题答案是A.normalB.unusualC.moderate0.extreme正确答案：C参考解析翻译2018年美国国立卫生研究院停止了一项耗资1亿美元的饮酒研究，这一研究部分由酒业公司资助.上一段曾提到酒业公司帮助人们按指导方针饮酒的具体做法：bybuying ads promoting moderation通过购买宣传适度饮酒的广告），由此可知，酒业公司一直致力于让人们适度饮酒。C正确。19、单选题 第19题答案是A.unlessB.untilC.because0.though正确答案：C参考解析：翻 译：2018年美国国立卫生研究院停止了一项耗资1亿美元的适度饮酒研究，这一研究部分由酒业公司资助 其设计偏袒这些公司的产品。空格处填写连词表示前后两句话之间的关系。研究院停止由酒业公司资助的研究 与 研究偏袒酒业公司 是结果和原因关系，所以C正确。20、单选题 第20题答案是A.forB.offC.onD.with正确答案：B参考解析：fend off固定搭配：抵 御，符合句意,故为正确选项。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题After years of murmuring for change in US education,the COVID-19 pandemic isbecoming a catalyst for improving the system.Americas educational divide is nowclearly visible for anyone to see.Discrepancies in quality and access to education area major source of the economic,social,and racial inequalities that are driving somuch social unrest.Whether they come from poor inner-city neighborhoods or thesuburbs,the least-educated Americans have been the hardest hit by the pandemicand its economic effects.Fortunately,economist Thomas Sowell has offered a solution.In his new book,Charter Schools and Their Enemies,he shows that schools with more autonomy andflexibility than traditional public schools are closing the educational divide,providingsorely needed choice,opportunity,and competition.Sowells careful analysis of thedata,which was available before the pandemic struck,shows that students in publiclyfunded but privately operated charter schools score remarkably higher onstandardized achievement tests than do those in traditional public schools.But criticsof charter schools would list many reasons,but the main one,Sowell laments,is thatpublic schools simply do not want the competition.Will the COVID-19 crisis finally change things?There are already positive signs that ithas.Last month,US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos unveiled a new,five-year$85million scholarship fund that will help students from lower-income families inWashington,DC go to schools of their choice.In another promising sign,US SenatorsTim Scott and Lamar Alexander recently introduced a bill to direct some of theeducational relief funding to school-choice programs.That money would enablelower-income families that are hard-pressed by the pandemic to send their childrento alternative schools.But most telling,perhaps,is the fact that many families and individuals are coming upwith their own solutions.Consider the sudden blossoming of pandemic learningpods,wherein parents get together,find teachers,and form a class for kids in theneighborhood.Of course,learning pods already have enemies of their own,withcritics complaining that the practice is unfair,harmful for traditional schools,oravailable only to those who can afford to hire teachers.But that is all the more reasonto make high-quality,effective schools more widely accessible.Stamping out newideas is not the answer.the struggle over pandemic-era education is quickly moving to statehouses.In June,as part of the new state budget,California lawmakers passed Senate Bill 98,whichrestricts per-student state funding for charter and public schools at last years fundinglevels.The point is to limit charter school enrollments at a time when demand foralternatives to traditional public schools is surging.But with those public schoolsclosing and resorting to remote teaching,students from lower-income householdswill be the ultimate victims.How is this going to affect the education of children?Only if we all focus squarely onthis question,the pandemics long-term impact on education could turn out to behighly beneficial.21、单选题According to Paragraph 1,Americas educational divideA.results partly from social inequalitiesB.is wider in urban areas than in the suburbsC.was barely visible before the pandemicD.has contributed to social disorder正确答案：D参考解析：Discrepancies in quality and access to education are a majorsource of the economic,social,and racial inequalities that are driving somuch social unrest.教育质量与可及性的悬殊对经济、社会和种族不平等现象推波助澜，进而导致如此多的社会动荡。D正 确。22、单选题Thomas Sowell believes that charter schoolsA.should be given greater autonomyB.help promote educational equalityC.will squeeze out public schools soonD.are more exam-oriented than public schools正确答案：B参考解析：schools with more autonomy and flexibility than traditionalpublic schools are closing the educational divide 比公立学校有着更多自主权和灵活性的学校正在填补教育鸿沟，Sowells careful analysis of the data,which was available before the pandemic struck,shows that students inpublicly funded but privately operated charter schools score remarkablyhigher on standardized achievement tests than do those in traditionalpublic schools.然后通过数据对比，特许学校的学生在标准化学业考试中取得的成绩远比传统公立学校的学生优秀。B正确。23、单选题According to Paragraph 3,the COVID-19 crisis has promptedthe government toA.aid underprivileged students in school choiceB.expand student enrollments in public schoolsC.improve the education quality of public schoolsD.inject generous funding into traditional schools正确答案：A参考解析：US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos unveiled a new,five-year$85 million scholarship fund that will help students fromlower-income families in Washington,DC go to schools of their choice.Inanother promising sign,US Senators Tim Scott and Lamar Alexanderrecently introduced a bill to direct some of the educational relief fundingto school-choice programs.That money would enable lower-incomefamilies that are hard-pressed by the pandemic to send their children toalternative schools.介绍奖学金专款和法案用以说明：两者均指向 为低收入家庭学生提供经济援助，帮助其择校入学，由此可知A正确。24、单选题The criticism of learning pods is mentioned to showA.its potential risk to widen the educational divideB.the difficulty to promote innovations in educationC.the necessity of broader access to quality educationD.the need for tougher regulation in the education sector正确答案：C参考解析：But that is all the more reason to make high-quality,effectiveschools more widely accessible.有人批评学习舱不利于传统学校，只适用于富裕家庭，这反而说明了普及高质量教育的重要性，教育上的创新不应被扼杀。由此可知，作者提及对学习舱的批评，是为了强调大面积普及高质量教育的必要,C正确。25、单选题The authors attitude toward Senate Bill 98 can be describedas_A.supportiveB.tolerantC.disappointed0.ambiguous正确答案：C参考解析：The point is to limit charter school enrollments at a time whendemand for alternatives to traditional public schools is surging.But withthose public schools closing and resorting to remote teaching,studentsfrom lower-income households will be the ultimate victims.彳乍者是支持高质量教学的，但是州参议院的法案限制了特许学校招生规模，并且有可能令低收入家庭学生（难以进入特许学校，从而）沦为受害者，由此可知，作者对该法案持负面态度，C正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题Countries must creatively complement the use of fossil fuels and renewable energy inthe interim pending when renewable energy can stand alone as major source ofenergy globally.This was the view of the Chief Executive Officer,Lekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,while speaking on the side-lines of the World Economic Forums yearlymeeting at Davos.Globally,there has been an increase in calls for reduction of fossil fuel consumptionwhich environmentalists have indicted for greenhouse gas emission.It is possible tokeep an oil and gas company sustainable.The first thing we have got to do is to stopdenying that there is an issue.Indeed,there is an issue,Akinyanmi said,The changeover from fossil fuel to alternative energy or cleaner fuels is a multi-decade orprobably multi-century thing.The fossil fuel industry will still be relevant.What weneed to do is to figure out ways to be responsible in the fossil fuel production andconsumption process.Historically,a lot of fossil fuel companies have produced oiland flared the gas.But it is actually the gas that is more efficient.Its friendlier to theenvironment,so we need to shift our attention there.From our perspective as Lekoilone of the things that helps us is that,a good chunk of our portfolio is actually gas sowe are actually well on our way.Energy analysts suggest that the renewable energy market will grow at a cumulativeaverage growth rate of 7.6%between 2020 and 2025 to reach 3,812 gigawatts by2025.Rising investment and improvement in technology has seen a drasticimprovement in renewable energy output.Between 2020 and 2025,the United Statesand other developed countries are scaling up investments in renewableenergy.However,The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market forrenewable energy globally,accounting for nearly 27%of the global marketshare.Within the Asia Pacific,China and India together form the leading renewableenergy markets having almost 75%of the installed capacity of renewable energy.I think we will make our way through this.UnfortunatelyJ think there is a lot ofbrinkmanship.We actually do need an energy mix to solve the worlds energyproblems.In the interim there will be discontinuities,the pendulum will swing bothways.But it is short-sighted to just ignore the fossil fuel industry and move to therenewable energy industry or vice versa.We need a portfolio that mixes both energysources,Akinyanmi said.26、单选题By referring to the view of Lekoil,Lekan Akinyanmi,the authorintendsA.to bring up the topic of fossil fuels and renewable energyB.to explain why renewable energy are better than fossil fuelsC.to pay special attention to the Chief Executive officerD.to emphasize the importance of renewable energy正确答案：A参考解析：Countries must creatively complement the use of fossil fuelsand renewable energy in the interim pending when renewable energycan stand alone as major source of energy globally.在达沃斯世界经济论坛年度会议分会上发表的观点，即在可再生能源能够成为全球主要能源之前，各国必须在过渡期间创造性地补充化石燃料和可再生能源的使用。由此可见引出了the topic of fossil fuels and renewable energy,A 正确。27、单选题Which the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A.It is possible to replace fossil fuels with cleaner fuels now.B.Fossil fuels are more efficient and environmentally friendly.C.Environmentalists hold that fossil fuels produce greenhouse gas.D.The perfect source of renewable energy has been found.正确答案：C参考角星析：Globally,there has been an increase in calls for reduction offossil fuel consumption which environmentalists have indicte