TPO53托福阅读Passage3题目及答案解析.docx

TPO53托福阅读Passage3题目及答案解析 TPO对于我们的托福备考特别有用，大家还在苦于找不到资料吗？下面我给大家带来TPO53托福阅读Passage3题目及答案解析，希望可以帮助到你们。 TPO53托福阅读Passage3文本+题目+答案解析 Paleolithic Cave Paintings In any investigation of the origins of art, attention focuses on the cave paintings created in Europe during the Paleolithic era (c. 40,000-10,000 years ago) such as those depicting bulls and other animals in the Lascaux cave in France. Accepting that they are the best preserved and most visible signs of what was a global creative explosion, how do we start to explain their appearance? Instinctively, we may want to update the earliest human artists by assuming that they painted for the sheer joy of painting. The philosophers of Classical Greece recognized it as a defining trait of humans to "delight in works of imitation"to enjoy the very act and triumph of representation. If we were close to a real lion or snake, we might feel frightened. But a well- executed picture of a lion or snake will give us pleasure. Why suppose that our Paleolithic ancestors were any different? This simple acceptance of art for art's sake has a certain appeal. To think of Lascaux as a gallery allows it to be a sort of special viewing place where the handiwork of accomplished artists might be displayed. Plausibly, daily existence in parts of Paleolithic Europe may not have been so hard, with an abundance of ready food and therefore the leisure time for art. The problems with this explanation, however, are various. In the first place, the proliferation of archaeological discoveriesand this includes some of the world's innumerablerock art sites that cannot be datedhas served to emphasize a remarkablylimited repertoire of subjects. The images that recur are those of animals.Human figures are unusual, and when they do make an appearance, they are rarely done with the same attention to form accorded to the animals. If Paleolithic artists were simply seeking to represent the beauty of the world around them, would they not have left a far greater range of picturesof trees, flowers, of the Sun and the stars? A further question to the theory of art for art's sake is posed by the high incidence of Paleolithic images that appear not to be imitative of any reality whatsoever. These are geometrical shapes or patterns consisting of dots or lines. Such marks may be found isolated or repeated over a particular surface but also scattered across more recognizable forms. A good example of this may be seen in the geologically spectacular grotto of Pêche Merle, in the Lot region of France. Here we encounter some favorite animals from the Paleolithicrepertoirea pair of stout-bellied horses. But over and around the horses' outlines are multiple dark spots, daubed in disregard for the otherwise naturalistic representation of animals. What does such patterning imitate?There is also the factor of location. The caves of Lascaux might conceivably qualify as underground galleries, but many other paintings have been found in recesses totally unsuitable for any kind of viewingtight nooks and crannies that must have been awkward even for the artists to penetrate, let alone for anyone else wanting to see the art. Finally, we may doubt the notion that the Upper Paleolithic period was a paradise in which food came readily, leaving humans ample time to amuse themselves with art. 【_For Europe it was still the Ice Age. 【_An estimate of the basic level of sustenance then necessary for human survival has been judged at 2200 calories per day. 【_This consideration, combined with the stark emphasis upon animals in the cave art, has persuaded some archaeologists that the primary motive behind Paleolithic images must lie with the primary activity of Paleolithic people: hunting. 【_ Hunting is a skill. Tracking, stalking, chasing, and killing the prey are difficult, sometimes dangerous activities. What if the process could be made easierby art? In the early decades of the twentieth century, Abbé Henri Breuil argued that the cave paintings were all about “sympathetic magic. ” The artists strived diligently to make their animal images evocative and realistic because they were attempting to capture the spirit of their prey. What could have prompted their studious attention to making such naturalistic, recognizable images?According to Breuil, the artists may have believed that if a hunter were able to make a true likeness of some animal, then that animal was virtually trapped.Images, therefore, may have had the magical capacity to confer success or luck in the hunt. TPO53托福阅读Passage2题目 Question 1 of 14 According to paragraph 1, what is significant about the paintings in the Lascaux caves? A. They provide accurate depictions of the bulls and other animals living in Paleolithic France. B. They are the best available source of information about daily life during the Paleolithic era. C. They are some of the best surviving examples of what was possibly one of the world's earliest artistic movements. D. They are the only evidence of creative expression among Paleolithic human beings. Question 2 of 14 In paragraph 1, why does the author mention the views of the philosophers of Classical Greece? A. To show how explanations about the appearance of cave painting during the Paleolithic have changed over time B. To present a theory about humans and art that may be applicable to the Paleolithic era C. To argue that Paleolithic paintings were created for the joy of painting, while Classical art was created to accurately represent the natural world D. To demonstrate that the Greek philosophers were the first to accurately understand Paleolithic art Question 3 of 14 Paragraph 2 suggests that the Lascaux cave paintings could have been created as art for art's sake only if which of the following were true? A. Caves were often used as viewing places for handiwork of all kinds. B. Artists during the Paleolithic era were especially accomplished. C. Paleolithic people were able to satisfy their basic needs fairly easily. D. People in Paleolithic Europe learned about art from people living in other areas. Question 4 of 14 The word “Plausibly ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. Similarly B. Obviously C. Ideally D. Possibly Question 5 of 14 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The limited variety in the subjects of rock art paintings has become increasingly evident in the many sites discovered. B. The limited repertoire of subjects found in rock art has made it difficult for archaeologists to determine when each painting was created. C. In the first place, there is little new archaeological information on the subject of rock art because of the limited number of recent discoveries. D. Because many rock art sites cannot be dated, archaeologists have limited information about how rock art varied from period to period. Question 6 of 14 According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about human figures as subjects of rock art? A. Human figures almost always appear alone and never appear with animals. B. Images of humans are both rarer and less accurately drawn than those of animals. C. Some of the most beautiful images in Paleolithic rock art are of human figures. D. There is more variety in how humans are depicted in cave art than in how animals are. Question 7 of 14 The word “spectacular ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. unique B. impressive C. isolated D. sheltered Question 8 of 14 In paragraph 3, why does the author include a description of a painting of horses from the grotto of Pêche Merle? A. To emphasize that stout-bellied horses were the most commonly found animals in that region at the time the painting was made B. To provide evidence that Paleolithic artists created realistic images more often than they created paintings of dots or lines C. To give an example of a cave painting that contains elements that do not imitate reality D. To demonstrate that Paleolithic artists captured many details of the animals they painted, such as the spots on the horses' coats Question 12 of 14 The word “prompted ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. brought about B. interfered with C. increased D. transformed Question 9 of 14 According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of the paintings located in the Lascaux caves? A. They are all found in recesses that are difficult for viewers to reach B. They fill every nook and cranny of a large underground gallery C. Their location was probably more convenient for viewers than for the artists D. They are easier to view than cave paintings at other locations. Question 10 of 14 The word “diligently ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. with no success B. with talent and skill C. with mixed results D. with persistence and hard work Question 11 of 14 According to paragraph 5, Breuil proposed which of the following theories about the purpose of cave paintings? A. They were used to teach young hunters the skills they needed to hunt. B. They were images created to help people forget about the dangers and difficulties of their daily lives. C. They were used in magic rituals to increase people's understanding of the natural world. D. They were meant to capture the spirits of animals and thus bring success in the hunt. Question 13 of 14 Look at the four squares_ to add the sentence to the passage. Obtaining this level of nourishment from such a harsh environment must have consumed most of Paleolithic peoples time and attention. Question 14 of 14 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.There are a number of arguments against the idea that Paleolithic cave paintings were created for the sheer joy of painting A.It is generally agreed that art as imitation arose during the age of Classical Greece B.Paleolithic artists often chose to paint pictures that were intended to frighten people C.People in the Paleolithic era may not have had time for art, and the placement of the paintings does not indicate that they were meant to be looked at D.Paleolithic artists chose to represent only a small segment of the natural world, and their paintings were not always strict imitations of nature E.Hunting was central to Paleolithic life, and animals are central to cave art, leading some to believe that the paintings were created to bring luck to hunters. F.Humans were rarely the subjects of cave paintings because it was thought that capturing the image of a hunter would cause the hunter to be virtually trapped. TPO53托福阅读Passage3答案解析 正确答案：C 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：Accepting that they are the best preserved and most visible signs of what was a global creative explosion这半句话。 此处原文的大意是：在我们接受了它们是保存最好的、最可视化的全球创建大爆发的产物后. 题干问的是Lascaux cave最重要的是什么。 选项A的意思是它们供应了旧石器时代最精确的对于牛和其他动物的描绘信息，选项B的意思是它们是描述旧石器时代日常生活最有效的信息源，选项C的意思是它们是最早的世界上的艺术运动的最好的存在例子，选项D的意思是它们是旧石器时代人类的创建性表达的唯一证据。只有选项C符合原文。其余三个选项均不合适。 正确答案：B 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：The philosophers of Classical Greece recognized it as a defining trait of humans to "delight in works of imitation"to enjoy the very act and triumph of representation. 此处原文的大意是：古希腊的哲学家认为这种壁画证明人们是因为单纯可以从作画过程中得到乐趣而进行这种绘画活动。 题干问的是作者为什么要提到这些哲学家。 选项A的意思是为了说明旧石器壁画随时间的改变，选项B的意思是为了证明旧石器时代一个关于人类和艺术的理论，选项C的意思是为了论证旧石器时代的绘画是因为单纯的乐趣而创建的，虽然古典艺术是为了精确再现自然世界而产生的，选项D的意思是为了证明古希腊的哲学家是第一批精确理解旧石器时代艺术的人。选项B正确，其他三个选项均不符合文意。 正确答案：C 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：Plausibly, daily existence in parts of Paleolithic Europe may not have been so hard, with an abundance of ready food and therefore the leisure time for art. 此处原文的大意是：看似合理的是，旧石器时代欧洲的生活并没有那么困难，食物应当是足够的，所以人们才有进行艺术创作的休闲时间。 题干问的是旧石器时代壁画艺术被单纯作为艺术而创作的前提是什么。 选项A的意思是壁画被视为各种工艺品的观看的地方，选项B的意思是旧石器时代的艺术家均是有成就的人，选项C的意思是旧石器时代的人能够很简单地满意他们的基本须要，选项D的意思是旧石器欧洲的人从其他地区学习到了这种艺术。选项C符合原文。其余三个选项均不合适。 正确答案：D 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：Plausibly, daily existence in parts of Paleolithic Europe may not have been so hard, with an abundance of ready food and therefore the leisure time for art. 此处原文的大意是：看似合理的是，旧石器时代欧洲的生活并没有那么困难，食物应当是足够的，所以人们才有进行艺术创作的休闲时间。 题干问的是plausibly的意思和四个选项中的哪一个最相像。 选项A的意思是相像的，选项B的意思是明显的，选项C的意思是志向地，选项D的意思是可能地。选项D最符合plausibly的意思。其他三个选项则不符合。 正确答案：A 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：In the first place, the proliferation of archaeological discoveriesand this includes some of the world's innumerable rock art sites that cannot be datedhas served to emphasize a remarkably limited repertoire of subjects. 此处原文的大意是：首先，考古发觉的旺盛发展以及它包含了世界多数不行追溯时间的岩石艺术地点证明白其绘画对象的有限性。 题干问的是四个选项里的哪句话是这句话的最好的同义转述。 选项A正确转述了原文的主要意思，选项B说作画对象的有限性导致了考古学家不好确定每一个画作创建的时间，这个因果关系是无中生有，不选;选项C说因为最近的考古发觉很少，所以岩石绘画的对象的信息也很少，也是无中生有，不选;选项D说因为岩石绘画有许多不能被确定时间，所以考古学家对于岩石画作随时间的改变并不了解，也是无中生有，不选。 正确答案：B 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：Human figures are unusual, and when they do make an appearance, they are rarely done with the same attention to form accorded to the animals. 此处原文的大意是：人物画像不常见，当人物画像出现的时候，我们也会发觉它们很少能达到和动物画像一样符合动物实物的状况。 题干问的是关于人物画像，正确的信息是哪一条。 选项A的意思是人物画像始终单独出现，几乎不和动物画像一起出现;选项B的意思是人物画像很少见，并且不如动物画像精确;选项C的意思是一些最美丽的旧石器岩石壁画是画的人物;选项D的意思是人物画像的多样性强于动物画像的多样性。选项B最符合原文。其他三个选项则都是无中生有。 题目解析： 本题定位到原文：A good example of this may be seen in the geologically spectacular grotto of Pêche Merle, in the Lot region of France. 此处原文的大意是：这个现象的一个好例子可能会被发觉于法国Lot地区Pêche Merle的一处壮丽的洞窟里。 题干问的是spectacular的意思和四个选项里的哪一个最合适。 选项A的意思是独特的，选项B的意思是印象深刻的，选项C的意思是隔绝的，选项D的意思是受爱护的。选项B最符合spectacular的意思。其余三个选项则不合适。 正确答案：C 题目解析： 本题定位到原文： Here we encounter some favorite animals from the Paleolithic repertoirea pair of stout-bellied horses. But over and around the horses' outlines are multiple dark spots, daubed in disregard for the