2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点五必修 第一册Unit 4Natural Disasters.pdf

五 必 修 第 一 册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解A（2022.南昌模拟）Were all familiar with migration（迁徙）：Wildebeests dash across Africa,Monarchbutterflies fly across the Americas.but did you know that forests migrate,too?In his new book The Journeys of Trees,science writer Zach St.George explores anextremely slow migration,as forests creep inch by inch to more pleasant places.“The migration of a forest is just many trees sprouting（发芽）in the same direction,St.George writes.Through the fossils that ancient forests left behind,scientists can track theirmovement over thousands of years.They move back and forth across continents,sometimesfollowing the same route more than once,like migrating birds or whales.This has happenedover thousands of years,and climate change tends to be the driving force.Of course,today,climate change is speeding up,and trees cant keep pace.TakeCalifornia:its getting hotter and dryer and scientists estimate that before too long,SequoiaNational Park may not be able to keep giant sequoias（巨杉）.“The scientists there had never seen anything like it,St.George says.They worried,and I think at some point we will lose these ancient trees and we will have to think about what wedo with the places,and do we plant new groves where they are easy to grow?”This is known as assisted migration”-humans planting trees in other places where theyremore likely to flourish.But this process carries risks一people can accidentally introduce insectsand diseases to new places,where they may wipe out entire native populations.So,St.George writes,there9s a debate among conservationists and foresters today:Should humans helpthe trees escape?“There may be cases where people are probably going to step in and help species move toplaces where they91 1 be more suitable in the future,St.George says,So far,there are nohuge movements of citizen groups moving trees north.But that is kind of one vision of the futurethat the people I interview hope to see.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是气候的变化结果导致了森林的变迁。在某些情况下，人们可能会介入，帮助物种迁移到未来更适合它们的地方。1.What can be learned about the migration of a forest?A.It is mainly the result of climate change.B.It often follows certain migrating species.C.It takes thousands of years to complete.D.It is very difficult to track the migration.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“This has happened over thousands of years,andclimate change tends to be the driving fbrce.”可知，森林的迁移主要是气候变化的结果。故 选Ao2.Why does the author mention Sequoia National Park?A.To stress the park is facing a severe situation.B.To show trees fail to adapt to the climate change.C.To prove the assisted migration carries risks.D.To state scientists are hopeful about the environment.【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者之所以提到红杉国家公园，是为了表明树木无法适应气候变化。故 选B。3.What does the underlined word“flourish“in Paragraph 6 mean?A.Become valuable.B.Develop rapidly.C.Grow well.D.Escape disease.【解析】选c词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，这就是所谓的“协助迁移”人类在其他更容易繁衍生息的地方植树。由此可知第六段画线词的意思是“生长得更好二故选C。4.Whats St.Georges attitude towards helping the trees escape?A.Skeptical.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Disapproving.【解析】选 C。推理判断题。整篇文章都在介绍森林的迁移.尤其根据最后两段可知，圣乔治对帮助树木逃生持“客观的”态度。并没有支持，反对或者怀疑的态度。故选Co教师专用“There may be cases where people are probably going to step in and help species move to placeswhere theyll be more suitable in the future,St.George says.分析：第一个where引导定语从句修饰先行词cases,第二个where也是定语从句修饰先行词placeso翻译：“在某些情况下，人们可能会介入，帮助物种迁移到未来更适合它们的地方，”圣乔治说。BNotre Dame Cathedral in Paris was badly damaged in the fire.It was heartbreaking and itsounded the alarm for the protection of cultural relics（遗迹）at the same time.It would have beenbetter to have three-dimensional scans before.3D scanning technology can be used to scan both inside and outside of an important culturalrelic to get accurate 3D data and then a 3D printer is used to copy a smaller version,which will bevery useful for the repair work.In order to obtain accurate data about cultural relics,the experts use high-techthree-dimensional laser（激光）scanner and other means to describe the shape of the original culturalrelics very accurately.Then,the model is printed out by a 3D printer.Finally,the copiedcultural relics are processed,including surface color,decoration processing and so on.Three-dimensional printing technology has a very apparent advantage.It can adjust the sizeof prints according to the need,and can easily obtain one-third and one-half of the size of originalcultural relics.This is difficult or even impossible to do in traditional reproduction.At present,all parts of China are accelerating the digital protection of cultural relics andrecording ancient cultural relics with modem science and technology.For example,the YungangGrottoes（石窟）Research Institute,together with the digital team of the Institute of CulturalHeritage of Zhejiang University,has restored the third grotto of Yungang Grottoes at a ratio（比例）of 1:1 for two years.Throughout the process of restoration of 3D printed cultural relics,the probability ofsecondary damage caused by human touch is low,and the artistic value of cultural relics can berebuilt to the maximum degree.The world can appreciate the beauty of classical cultural relicsmore deeply.【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了 3D打印技术在文物保护中的应用与其优势。5.Why is Notre Dame Cathedral mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To raise peoples awareness of safety.B.To remind people of the famous building.C.To serve as an introduction to the topic.D.To appeal for preservation of cultural relics.【解析】选 C。推理判断题。根据第一段并结合下文介绍3D技术在文物保护方面的应用可推知，讲巴黎圣母院遭受火灾，文物受损的目的是引出3D技术在文物保护中的应用这一话题。故选C。6.What is the obvious advantage of 3D technology compared with traditional reproduction?A.It can save a lot of professionals.B.It can help resize the reproductions of the cultural relics.C.It can reproduce cultural relics as what they were.D.It can change the shapes of the original cultural relics.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知，与传统的复制技术相比,3D打印技术可以根据需要调整印刷品的大小。故选B。7.What can be known about using 3D technology in reproducing cultural relics from the lastparagraph?A.No further damage is done while repairing.B.Their artistic value is regained as much as possible.C.The digital models will replace the original cultural relics.D.Handwork in reproducing cultural relics will disappear soon.【解 析】选B。细 节 理 解 题。根 据 最 后 一 段 可 知，运 用3D打 印 技 术 进 行文物修复可以最大程度 地 恢 复 文 物 的 艺 术 价 值。故 选B。8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.3D Printing in ChinaB.Protection of Cultural RelicsC.Developments of 3D TechnologyD.3D Technology in Cultural Relics Restoration【解 析】选Do主 旨 大 意 题。本文主要介绍了 3D打 印 技 术 在 文 物 保 护 中 的 应 用 与 其 优 势。故 选D。教师专用【词 汇 积 累】heartbreaking痛心的three-dimensional scans三维扫描cultural relics文化遗产accurate精确的apparent明显的maximum最大的n.阅读填句（2022.长沙模拟）With schools closing and big events cancelled in Europe,your child probably has questionsand concerns about COVID-19.That can be tough to talk about,but kids need to feel safe._1Here9re some tips from a family medicine physician on how to talk to children about COVID-19.First of all,stay calm.2 If youre showing panic or anxiety,so will they.Instead,confirm their concerns to show that you understand why they might be nervousand that a littlenervousness is OK.Its important for them to know that there9s no need to panic.Then talkcalmly about whafs happening,and tell them people are working very hard to make thingsbetter.3 One of the best ways to calm children is to let them believe they can protect not justthemselves but other people as well.Tell them that when they follow the rules for staying healthy,that helps other people stay safe since the children wont be spreading the disease.This is theirjob一to do what they already know they should be doing to keep themselves and others healthy.Meet children where they are.Very young children might not be asking any questions,andin that case theres no reason to discuss the topic.4 Be honest and dont scare them orbecome alarmist.Limiting too much exposure to television reports and social media-especiallythe news that overstates the case-can help,since children usually have extremely activeimagination.5A.Kids can pick up on how you are feeling.B.Help them feel like they are involved.C.Encourage kids to give a hand as volunteers.D.Children are more likely to feel their lives will be in a mess.E.The biggest role of the trusted adults is helping them to do that.F.But dont shy away from talking about whats happening to those kids wanting answers.G.They can even run toward something similar to the destruction of the world.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。随着欧洲学校停课和大型活动取消，孩子可能会对C0VID-19产生疑问和担忧，这说起来可能很难，但孩子们需要安全感。文章主要就如何向孩子谈论C0VID-19提出了一些建议。1.【解析】选 E。根据上文以及后文可推测本句是在说明成年人在孩子需要安全感这件事情上的作用。故 E 选项符合语境。2.【解析】选 A。根据后文可知，后文提到大人恐慌或焦虑，孩子也会有一样的情绪,说明孩子 也是可以了解大人的感受的。后文中they指代A 选项中Kids。故 A选项符合语境。3.【解析】选 B。根据后文可知，本段的中心思想是让孩子 相信他们不仅能保护自己，还能保护其他人，也就是让孩子 主动参与到防控疫IW这件事情中来。故B选项符合语境。4.【解析】选 F。根据上文可知，上文提到了孩子不问问题就不讨论这个话题的情景，可推测本句应承接上文说明应对那些想要得知答案的孩子的办法，故 F 选项符合语境。5.【解析】选 G。根据上文可知，上文提到孩子们想象力活跃本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明孩子1门想象力活跃的特质。故 G 选项符合语境。教师专用Limiting too much exposure to television reports and social media-especially the news thatoverstates the case-can help,since children usually have extremely active imagination.分析:limiting.为动名词作主语,since引导原因状语从句。翻译：限制孩子过多地接触电视报道和社交媒体尤其是那些夸大事实的新闻会有所帮助，因为孩子 通常有极其活跃的想象力。m.语法填空Chinese rose plants 1.(line)the roads always are a welcome sight for Ye Jiaxing,32,when she returns from a business trip and takes a taxi home from Beijing Capital InternationalAirport.Like many Beijing natives,Ye feels deeply connected to the city,2.(regard)ofwhere she is,and the roses 3.full bloom always make her feel less tired and reassureher that she has arrived home.Chinese roses,4.bloom fbr more than 200 days a year,are easy to overlook.When spring arrives,they form a 5.(color)sight,especially along Beijings Third,Fourth and Fifth ring roads,and in other parts of the city.The roses,in a variety of colors,6.(plant)along 250 kilometres of the citysroads.Planting Chinese roses along Beijings ring roads began in 2003,when the city set out 7.(improve)street landscaping.In 1987,the Chinese rose was chosen as the flower to represent Beijing.Three years later,when the city began preparations for hosting the 1990 Asian Games-the first large-scaleinternational sports event staged in the Peoples Republic of Chinalarge 8.(quantity)of floribunda roses were planted along the roads.However,these flowers,a type of Chinese rose with multiple heads and which bloom for along time each year,are easily affected by the wind and vehicle exhaust emissions 9.the plants are 10.（relative）short and the flowers are near to the ground.So climbingroses were chosen to plant along ring roads in Beijing.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为美化城市环境，在北京主要街道栽培月季花的事情。1.【解析】lining。考查非谓语动词。这里是现在分词作后置定语。2.【解析】regardless,考查固定搭配。regardless of是固定搭配，意思是“不管，不顾二3.【解析】in。考查介词。in full bloom意思是“（花朵）盛开4.【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。5.【解析】colorful.考查形容词。修饰名词需要用形容词。6.【解析】are plantedo考查时态和语态。这里指各种颜色的月季花被种植。7.【解析】to improve.,考查非谓语动词。set out to do sth.表示“着手做某事8.【解析】quantities.考查名词的单复数。quantities of是固定搭配，意思是“大量的”。9.【解析】because,考查连词。根据语境，这里表示原因。10.【解析】relatively。考查副词。修饰形容词要用副词形式。IV.应用文写作（2022.南通模拟）假定你是李华，你 喜 爰 的 周 报 在 创 刊 五 周 年 之 际 征 集 读 者 意 见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容包括：1.说明你是该报的忠实读者；2.说明该报的优点；3.提出建议并祝福。注意：1.词 数 80左右，开头、结尾已为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Editor-in-chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global MirrorYours sincerely,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Editor-in-chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror Im a regular reader of yournewspaper.I like it so much that I hardly miss any copy.There are many advantages of Global Mirror.Firstly,it covers both national andinternational news.By simply turning the pages,I can know all important events that havehappened both at home and abroad.Besides,the success stories of world-famous people are alsoattractive to me,from whom I can learn a lot.As a senior 3 student,I plan to major in English in university.Therefore,I suggest that itprovide tips on English learning.Finally,I hope Global Mirror will become more and morepopular.Yours sincerely,Li Hua