2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲12定语从句含详解.pdf

专题1 2 定语从句定语从句关系词若它在从句作宾语，则用whom或whowhich和that的区别知道吗?当先行词指人时，若它在从句中作主语，则用who先行词在句子中做定语 当先行词指物时，若在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则whichwhenwherewhy主 要 放 在tim e.day.years,season.age.occasion等 时 间 的 名 词 后通 常RSKreason后ISffiSplace.city,town,vMage,hous落 地 点 名 词 后特 别 注 意,activity,case,point,even,situation,job.organization,pos眦 n 等 抽 象 名 词一、定语从句的构成This is the best film that I have seen.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,whv二、关系代词作用：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语代指人：who,whom,that,whose代指物：that,which,whose关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。L who指人,作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）The mae whom/who I nodded lo is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.which指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）These are the trees which were planled last year.This recorder which he is using is made in Japan.Is this the library which you borrow books from?Is this the library 血加 which you borrow books?4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略），且只用在限制性定语从句中。A plane is a machine that cae fly.He is the man that/who/whom I told you about.5.whose在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替his,her,their,its.whose指人也指物指 物 时=of which 指 人 时=of whomThis is the bookcover is blue.This is the book&f which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq.Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq.【例题】The newly built cafe,the walls of are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which【答案】Dwho,whom,whose,which,that口诀：前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语【练习】l).This is the house was built last year.2).The boy we saw yesterday was Johns brother.3).The car my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4).That is the man we were looking for.5).The house window are broken belongs to my grandfather.6).1 hate people talk much but do little.【答案】l.which/that 2.that/whom/who/3.that/which/4.who/whom/that/5.whose/of which the6.who/that注意点:只用that不用which的情况当先行词是 anything,everything,nothing,none 等不定代词时，或者是由 every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有Which或 who时，都只能用that当先行词被the only,the vei*y修饰时表示强调两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用thatl).We should do everything is good for our studies.2).The is the first place I want to visit.3).This is the most interesting book I have ever read.4).This is Ihe only thing we can do.5).He built up a factory which produced things I had never seen before.6).We talked about the things and persons we were interested in.【答案】l.that 2.that/3.that/4.that/5.thatZ 6.that/只用which不用th用 的情况:介词后用于非限制定语从句中which可指代前面讲到的整件事。l).This is the train by we went to Beijing.2).F o o t b a l l,i s a very interesting game,is played all over the world.3).He was late fbr school a g a i n,ma d e the teacher very angry.【答案】which which which 只用who不用that的情况:先行词是指人的不定代词anyone等或those1).Anyone comes late should be punished.2).He admired those looked beautiful.【答案】who who way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：in which或 that或 作状语：in which或 that或 作主宾表：that或 I dont like the way he spoke to our teacher.He has given you the way is best to solve the problem.I want to know the way he told you yesterday.【答案】in which/that/that thatA单选题1 .This is the school we visited last year.A.that B.where C.who D.whose2.Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut has ever traveled in space.A.whom B.which C.who D.whose3.1 cant find the book my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.where4.She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition.A.who B.that C.which D.whose5.Do you know the man is standing at the door?Yes,I do.Hes a friend of.A.when;I B.who;mine C.that;me D.which;my6.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village his family lived ten years ago.A.when B.which C.where D.that7.A friend is someone says,What!You too?I thought I was the only one!”A.who B.which C.what D.whose【答案】A C C D B C A填空题1.The house we live is very big.2.The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present he gave me for my birthday.4.The man talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory makes toys for children.【答案】1.where 2.who/that 3.which/that 4.who/that 5.that 6.that 7.which/that 8.which/that三、关系副词l.w hen在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词（which）ril never forget the day when I joined the army.when=on which（=on the day）先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：Do you still remember the days there was no electricity?Do you still remember the days we spent together?【答案】when which/that/2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词（which）This is the house where I lived two years ago.where=in which（=in the house）先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导从句来修饰，试比较：The place Lucy once worked has become a museum.The place I visited last week is in Shang Hai.【答案】where which/that/需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句 In order to get started in this career,Em willing to accept any position（职位）I can show myabilities.A.when B.where C.to which D.which【答案】B类似的先行词有：case（情况）,situation（情形）,point（程度）,stage（阶段）.3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+关系代词(which)Do you know the reason why she was late.why=for which(=for the reason)先行词是the reason时并非都用why Thats the reason he was late.Thats the reason he gave me.【答案】why which/that/介词+关系代词,根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系Thats the newspaper for which I write articles.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，Can you explain to me how to use these idioms aboul o，hich Im not sure.,根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.注意：介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用which或 whom;不可用that或 w ho代替.单项选择()1.一 What do you think of the TV program called Readers?一 Wonderful!It is the best program I have ever watched.A.when B.that C.what D.who()2.According to a survey,people are able to speak two languages can manage two things atthe same time more easily.A.which B.whom C.whose D.who()3.CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition.Have you seen it?Sure.Wu Yishu,16,studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University,isthe winner.A.which B.where C.who D.whom()4.Tu Youyou is the woman used the plants special power to save millions of lives.A.which B.who C.whose D./)5.一 Why are you so worried?一 Ive lost the watch my dad bought me on my birthday.A.what B.who C.whose D.which)6.Td like to tell you about the table manners you should know when you visit France.A.which B.who C.what D.how)7.Roald Dahl was a great childrens writer.His dark past helped him paint a pictureWas different to most other writers.A.thatB.whoC./D.whom)8.Yesterday Mr.Green went to his hometown and visited the old house he was born in.A.whichB.where C.what D.it)9.-*What kind of movies do you prefer?一 I prefer the movies me something to think about.A.which give B.that givesC.what gives D.who gives)10.This is a heartwarming story about a boy saved his mothers life.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom)11.Lily loves music she can sing along with.A.which B.who C.what D.whom)12.Sara is the girl has taught me how to use WeChat.A.whom B.which C.what D.who)13.1 hate the dogs live in the next house.They make loud noises all night.A.who B.that C.what D.whom)14.The car my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.A.whose B.whom C.who D.which)15.We still remember the lovely teachers have taught us for 3 years.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which)16.The lady in the kitchen is doing the dishes is my aunt.A.where B.who C.which D.whom)1 7.Tom usually helps others with math problems and Mr.Li often praises him for it.-I agree.A student is always helping others is worth praise.A.whom B.which C.who D.whose)1 8.一 Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.一 He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proudA.that B.whose C.who D.whom)1 9.This is the best book I have read.A.that B.whose C.which D.who)20.Journey to the West is a book influences teenagers a.lot.It is very popular.A.who B.when C.which D.what【答案】1-10 BDCBDAAAAB 11-20 ADBDABCDAC对比练习1.This is one of the most interesting films shown last week.This is the very one of the most interesting films shown last week.A.which was B.that was C.which were D.that were2.He has two s o n s,a r e college students.He has two sons,and are college students.A.both of which B.both of whom C.both of them D.both of it【答案】1DB 2,B C3.He still lives in the room window faces to the east.He still lives in the room,the window faces to the east.(3)He still lives in the room is on the third floor.He still lives in the room there is a beautiful table.A.which B.whose C.where D.of which4.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.WhoC.Those D.Whoever【答案】3.B DA C 4.DA C5.Fil never forget the days we studied together.Til never forget the days we spent togethe匚A.that B.不填 C.when D.Which E.a.b.d.【答案】C E6.This is the only way you can find.I don?t like the way he spoke to his mother.A.that B.不填 C.in which D.A,B and C E.A and B【答案】7.E D7.Is this museum they visited last month?The teacher tells us that cleans the blackboard is to be praised.A.that B.the one C.which D.the one who8.It was eleven oclock they went out of the cinema.It was at eleven oclock they went out of the cinema.A.which B.that C.when D.on which【答案】9.BD1 0.C B