2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点四必修 第一册Unit 3Sports and Fitness.pdf

四 必修 第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解AThere are many ways we can enjoy sport一watching it on TV or a smartphone,attending anevent at a stadium or even playing the game.But for those who enjoy getting competitive withtheir computer gaming,there are realistic-looking games to be played without leaving home.And peoples interest in this type of sportif thats what we can call ithas gone to a new level.Initially,grabbing a controller and playing a game was an individual activity.But around20 years ago computers became cheaper and the Internet became faster,which made it mucheasier for more people to get involved with computer gaming.This led to gamers connecting witheach other around the world,so they could go head-to-head online.It also became a spectatorsport,with people watching others play.The whole experience has been given the name“esports“一Electronic Sports.Now,huge esports tournaments take place all over the world in big arenas（竞技场）withlarge crowds.Diehard enthusiasts,who have become first-rate players,are nowwell-known一some play together in teams.Its top stars can earn millions of dollars a year,without even breaking into a sweat!And fans from around the world tune in to watch the actiononline.The global audience is now estimated at more than 200 million and growing.Annualprofits from esports,currently around 650 million dollars for events,continue to rise withbillions more through the video games sales.Famous football clubs are now trying to get in on the action.Englands Football Association,for example,launched its first esports team this year,known as the eLions.It recruited（招募）FIFA 19 players to represent them at the FIFA eNations Cup.Mark Bullingham,the FAs chiefcommercial and football development officer,said,“The FA prides itself on being a modern,innovative organization that tries to engage and inspire all generations of football fans.9 9But while this virtual version of football might give footballers a chance to get closer to thereal game,some might argue the lack of physical activity means it shouldnt be called asport-and the biggest winners are the companies who promote and sell esports.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“电子竞技”的历史与现状。从它的发展历程中,可以看到这是一项飞速上升发展的新兴“体育运动工1.What contributed most to the popularity of esports?A.The support from the public.B.Cheaper computers and faster Internet.C.The advanced sports equipment.D.Peoples preference for individual activities.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。原文第二段介绍了“电子竞技”从无到有的历史进程，起初玩游戏纯粹是个人娱乐，于是引起质变，人们能够“联机”，逐渐发展出了电子竞技，因 而 B 选项“Cheaper computers and faster Internet”(更便宜的电脑和更快的互联网)两大关键因素，与原句契合。故选B。2.What can we infer about esports from Paragraph 3?A.They have become a big industry.B.They make players get rich easily.C.They will replace traditional sports.D.They have a great impact on other sports.【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据题干，可直接定位至第三段，这一段列举了大量的数字，如高级玩家的年收入可以达到成百上千万美元(millions of dollars a year),电子竞技的观众规模超过两亿，并持续增长(more than 200 million and growing)等。且根据最后一句可推知，电子竞技已经成为一个庞大的产业,A 项正确。故选A。3.Why does the author mention the FA in Paragraph 4?A.To explain why it has become interested in esports.B.To tell readers it is taking the lead in hosting esports.C.To state the officers are proud of its achievements in esports.D.To show famous football clubs are getting involved in esports.【解析】选 D。推理判断题。根据第四段中举了英国足协（Englands Football Association）参与电子竞技的具体情况作为例子（文中提示词“for example），可知，作者提及英国足协，目的就是印证本段第一句话，即：著名的足球俱乐部正在加入到电子竞技的行列中来。故选D。4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.The Rise of EsportsB.The Advantages of EsportsC.Esports Teams:Famous for Star PlayersD.Esports Tournaments:Exciting and Fantastic Events【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。纵观全文，作者围绕着“电子竞技”展开，讲述着它的过去、现在与将来，并且字里行间表明了这是一个欣欣向荣的行业。如第三段用大量数字说明这一产业的庞大，并说明其利润“continue to rise”（继续上升中），全文处处在说明着“The Rise ofEsports”（电子竞技的腾飞），概括准确,A 项是最佳标题。故选A。教师专用eBut around 20 years ago computers became cheaper and the Internet became faster,which madeit much easier for more people to get involved with computer gaming.分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，i t 作形式宾语，“for more people to get involved withcomputer gaming”是真正的宾语。翻译：但是大约2 0 年前，电脑变得更便宜，互联网变得更快，这使得更多的人更容易参与电脑游戏。B（2022.邯郸模拟）Kite surfing is a sport that takes place on the surface of water,on top of boards that aresimilar in design to wakeboards（尾波滑水板），with the surfer pulled by a kite.The popularityof kite surfing has grown,although it is rather difficult to master.Kite surfing uses the sameequipment as kite boarding,but is generally given more to riding on top of waves,rather than onsmaller lakes or other calm bodies of water.Early experiments in kite transportation took place through the 19th century,and at the dawnof the 20th century Samuel Cody crossed the English Channel using kites and a small boat.Kitesurfing itself however,wasnt really bom until the late 1970s.Beginning in that decade,more people became involved in using kites for personal transport and sport.Kite technologyitself advanced enormously during the 1970s,with kites becoming much more controllable.The early kite surfing was rather accidental,but innovators continued to develop thetechnology to make it easier to control and safer.By the late 1990s,kite surfing was becomingpopular off the coast of Maui,France and throughout the world.In 1997,a special kite systemwas built specifically for kite surfing,which helped kite surfing into the mainstream.Because of the high speeds and the dangers,it is generally recommended that would-be kitesurfers take at least a few basic classes to learn the fundamentals.The main attraction of kitesurfing is the potential for amazing tricks.The kite allows the surfer to experience enormousjumps,flying through the air for large distances before hitting the water in a controlled fashion.Like skateboarding,kite surfing makes use of a number of board grabs,with complex trickspossible due to the long period of time the surfer can remain in the air.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，介绍了风筝冲浪的出现、发展以及特点。5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us in Paragraph 1?A.What is kite surfing.B.Where to go kite surfing.C.How to enjoy kite surfing.D.Why people like kite surfing.【解析】选 A。段落大意题。根据第一段中“Kite surfing is a sport”（风筝冲浪是一项运动）以及“Kite surfing uses the same equipm ent.可知，本段是对风筝冲浪的概念进行解释。故选Ao6.In the 19th century,people intended to use kite for.A.sport B.experimentC.entertainment D.transportation【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Early experiments in kite transportation took placethrough the 19th century”可知，风筝运输的早期实验贯穿了整个19世纪。所以当时的人们试图把风筝作为交通工具使用。故选D。7.What can we know from the third paragraph?A.Kite surfing often leads to accidents.B.Maui is home to kite surfing.C.Kite control is the key to kite surfing.D.Kite surfing came into being in the 1990s.【解析】选 Co 推理判断题。根据第三段中“but innovators continued to develop the technology tomake it easier to control and safbr”以及“In 1997,a special kite system was built specifically forkite surfing,which helped kite surfing into the mainstream.“可知，风筝的控制是风筝冲浪的关键。故选C。8.What is most charming for people surfing?A.Its potential for tricks.B.Its long time in the air.C.Its speed across the water.D.Its big distance over the water.【解析】选 Ao 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The main attraction of kite surfing is the potential foramazing tricks.”可知，风筝冲浪最吸引人的地方是它潜在的惊人绝技。故选A。教师专用【长难句分析】Kite surfing is a sport that takes place on the surface of the water,on top of boards that aresimilar in design to wakeboards,with the surfer pulled by a kite.分析：句中第一个that引导定语从句修饰sport,第二个that也是引导定语从句修饰boards,最后 with复合结构作状语。翻译：风筝冲浪运动是一项发生在水面上的运动，滑板顶端设计与尾波滑水板类似，划水者被风筝拉着进行冲浪。n.完形填空Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.Yet more than half ofthem have 1 to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth.So afterChinas Mars probe,Tianwen-1,was 2 on July 23 2020,there was an 3 wait tolearn its progress.The craft landed 4 on the surface of the planet on Saturday.The news has been met withboth 5 and celebration in the country.The landing was 6 exactly as planned,whichhas made China the latest member of the club of the worlds pioneering 7,and shows thatChina has 8 the technologies on its own.It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in Chinas scientific and technologicaldevelopment in recent decades 9 some failures to explore outer space.China made its early 10 in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s Uthe country remained largely a backward agricultural country.12,the country has made themost of what it had over the past more than six decades,making efforts to move ahead in theaerospace cause.In 2021,China sent Tianhe into space,13 a series of launches that will complete thebuilding of the station around 2022.All these achievements have 14 greatly to the peaceful use of outer space.15 itsMars mission,China has worked with European partners and others and will help pushhumankind to travel faster and farther in the future.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了中国成功发射“天问一号”，“天问一号”成功着陆火星是中国空间技术发展的巨大飞跃。1.A.begun B.failed C.attempted D.succeeded【解析】选Bo考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，其中一半以上未能到达距离地球约5500万千米远的行星。A.begun开始;B.failed失败;C.attempted尝试;D.succeeded成功。根据上下文以及“Yet(但是)“可知，超过一半的火星任务失败(failed)了。故 选B。2.A.transported B.discoveredC.launched D.settled【解析】选C 0考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在中国的火星探测器“天问一号”于2020年7月23日发射后，人们焦急地等待着了解它的进展。A.transported运输；B.discovered发现;C.launched 发射;D.settled 解决。根据常识和下文“The craft landed.on Saturday.可知,“天问T”是2020年7月23日发射(launched)的。故 选C。3.A.anxious B.aware C.awkward D.amazing【解析】选Ao考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在中国的火星探测器“天问一号”于2020年7月23日发射后，人们焦急地等待着了解它的进展。A.anxious焦急的;B.aware有意识的;C.awkward令人尴尬的；D.amazing令人惊讶的。根据语境可知.在“天问一号”发射之后，所有人都在“焦急(anxious)”等待它的进展。故 选A。4.A.suddenly B.safelyC.calmly D.obviously【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：该飞行器于周六在火星表面安全着陆。A.suddenly突然地;B.safely安全地;C.calmly安静地;D.obviously明显地。根据下文“The news has beenmet with both and celebration in the country”可知，飞行器安全地(safely)着陆在火星表面。故 选B。5.A.protest B.regretC.pity D.relief【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个消息让全国都感到宽慰和喜庆。A.protest反对;B.regret后悔;C.pity遗憾;D.relief宽慰。根据上文，飞行器安全着陆火星的消息令人宽慰(relief)o 故选 D。6.A.carried away B.carried offC.carried outD.carried on【解析】选 C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:“天问一号”的着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主开发技术。A.carried away带走;B.carried off夺走;C.carried out实行;D.carried on继续。根据语境可知，飞行器安全着陆，它的着陆是按计划实行的(carried out)o故选Co7.A.explorers B.applicantsC.officials D.editors【解析】选 A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:“天问一号”的着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主开发技术。A.explorers探险者;B.applicants申请人;C.officials官员;D.editors编辑。根据语境可知，飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面是一次太空探险，中国已然跻身于世界先锋探险者(explorers)的行列。故选A。8.A.borrowed B.selectedC.developed D.removed【解析】选 C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:“天问一号”的着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主开发技术。A.borrowed借；B.selected选择;C.developed开发;D.removed移开。由“on its own”可知，此次火星着陆技术是中国自主研发的(developed)。故选C。9.A.without B.beyondC.except D.despite【解析】选 D。考查介词词义辨析。句意：近几十年来，尽管在探索外太空方面出现了一些失败，但中国的科学技术发展始终保持着积极进取的精神。A.without没有，缺乏;B.beyond超出；C.except 除.之外；D.despite 尽管。根据句意逻辑可知，“some failures to explore outerspace”与主句之间有让步关系，太空探索尽管(despite)遇到失败，乐观进取的精神在科学技术发展方面仍起着关键的作用。故选D。10.A.promises B.impactsC.inventions D.breakthroughs【解析】选 Do考查名词词义辨析。句意：从上世纪60年代开始.中国在火箭和航天技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国在很大程度上仍是一个落后的农业国家。A.promises承诺；B.impacts影响;C.inventions发明;D.breakthroughs突破。根据句意可知，中国在火箭和航天技术方面取得了早期的突破(breakthroughs)。故选D。11.A.where B.when C.that D.which【解析】选 Bo考查关系副词。句意：从上世纪60年代开始，中国在火箭和航天技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国在很大程度上仍是一个落后的农业国家。分析句子结构可知,“the country remained largely a backward agricultural country”是定语从句，修饰其前的先行词“the 1960s”,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用when引导，故选B。12.A.Thus B.ThereforeC.Furthermore D.However【解析】选 D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，中国已经充分利用了它在过去60多年里所拥有的，努力向前推进航天事业。A.Thus因此；B.Therefore因 止 匕；C.Furthermore此外；D.However 然而。根据上文“the country remained largely a backward agricultural country”可知，止 匕处为转折关系，故用“However”。故选Do13.A.getting off B.cutting offC.starting off D.putting off【解析】选 C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:2021年，中国将“天和”送入太空，开启了一系列发射，这些发射将在2022年前后完成空间站的建设。A.getting off下车；B.cutting off切断;C.starting off开始；D.putting off推迟。根据上下文，随着天和核心舱进入太空，开始了(starting。行)一系列的空间站建设的发射任务。故选Co14.A.appealed B.contributedC.responded D.belonged【解析】选 Bo考查动词搭配辨析。句意：这些成就为和平使用外太空作出了重要贡献。A.appealed(to)呼吁，吸引;B.contributed(to)促成;C.responded(to)响应;D.belonged(to)属于。根据语境可知，所有这些成就极大地促成(contributed)外太空的和平使用。故选B。15.A.Upon B.BeforeC.During D.After【解析】选 C。考查介词词义辨析。句意：在火星任务中，中国与欧洲伙伴和其他国家合作，将帮助推动人类在未来走得更快、更远。A.Upon在.上；B.Before在.之前；C.During在期间;D.After在之后。根据句意，在火星任务实施期间(During),中国已经和其他国家一起合作来探索太空。故选C。m.读后续写(2022.锦州模拟)On a beautiful Thursday of this April,Amy and Alan Green took their daughter Abbey outfor a walk in the neighborhood.On their way back,Amy picked up a kite for Abbey from theDollar Tree,blue with rainbows一there are a lot of rainbows decorating homes around the regionthese days,which helps make life less dull during the coronavirus pandemic.In the afternoon,Abbey took the kite out for its first flight.At first,the wind was perfect.It took the kite high in the sky.However,suddenly,the wind became much stronger andwhipped the kite out of Abbeys hands in a moment.It sailed farther and farther and finally gotstuck on the power lines next to a big tree,wrapping itself over and over again around the wires.Since the kite was too high for them to reach,the Greens could do nothing about it.Worried lessabout the kite than the potential danger it might present to the lines,Amy called National Grid toreport the incident.About one hour later,Mike,a worker from the power company arrived.He carefullyunwound the kite line from the wires.After about 10 minutes effort,he successfully freed it.But unfortunately,as the kite was wrapped so tightly,there was some unpreventable damage.Still,he presented it at the door to Alan Green.As he left,he noticed Abbey took the kite tothe backyard.Out of curiosity,he stood there for a while to see how the girl would deal with it.Surprisingly,she dug a hole and buried the kite in a shoebox!Even though he could not see thegirls face clearly,he knew exactly how sad Abbey could be.He really felt bad for her.And itwas at that moment that he decided to do something.注意：续写词数应为150左右。The next day,Alan went out to get the mail as usual.Deeply moved by this act of kindness,Alan posted the whole story on the Internet.【参考范文】The next day,Alan went out to get the mail as usual.To his surprise,there was a newkitea cute robin with beautiful feathersin the box along with a note written on the NationalGrids notepaper.I felt bad for your daughter,so I hope this new kite could make her smile,9 itread.Stay safe and healthy!”The note was unsigned.Deeply moved by this act of kindness,Alan posted the whole story on the Internet.Soon,word got back to National Grid,which quickly identified Mike,the worker who had carefullysaved the kite from the wires.He told that as he saw Abbey burying the kite,he thought of hisown little sister and knew well that the girl must be extremely sad.So after he left the Greens9house for more service calls that afternoon,he stopped by a shop to buy the new kite and sent it tothe family.He didnt expect to be recognized,but Alans post led to his identity being revealed,which resulted in the story being shared and liked by millions of people throughout the Internet.