【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市静安区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题01 阅读理解（含解析）.pdf
【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市静安区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题0 1阅读理解上海市静安区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A line of men tugged on ropes and dropped from the ship into the sea,with a group of Saibsprepared to pull them later from the sea bottom.Nasser,one of the divers,climbed over the railing ofthe ship and his Saib emptied his basket full of shells onto the deck.“Get me something to fill my stomach with,boy,I knew he was teasing as he is my fathersgood friend.“But Im no longer an errand boy.Im a diver,like my father was.”Your father was bald anddea like the rest of us,Nasser laughed.The salty Arabian Gulf produced the finest pearls in the world while the salty water also madedivers lose their hair.Let alone the high pressure which cost them their hearing.I had shavedmy head,in which way I felt more like a real diver.Of course,theres no need for me to worry aboutthe hair problem.T ve dived the shallow seas before,and I can hold my breath fbr a whole minute.”“Just pull your rope before you feel breathless.He then disappeared into the water again.I tied a heavy stone to my foot with a rope.Taking one more deep breath,I plugged my nose andjumped.With the stone finally hitting the seabed with a thump,I freed my foot from the rope.Iscratched at the rocky ridge(脊),when three oysters dropped into my hands.I even didnt have enoughtime to feel surprised at how easy the job was before I felt breathless.Out of horror,I dragged the rope.Knowing that,far above,the Saibs strong arms strained to pullme toward the surface,I reminded myself to endure fbr a little more time.Just when I thought my第1页/总17页lungs would burst,my ears popped and there was light.Nasser burst through the water.He removed his nose plug and grinned at me looking at the threepitiful shells on the deck.Not bad for an errand boy.Seeing me upset with my head down,hepatted me Its your first fbr such a depth.You did better than all of us.Cheering up,I wrapped theempty basket around my neck and raised my chin,Tm a pearl diver.”56.According to Nasser,what did an errand boy usually do?A.Pull divers from the sea.B.Empty baskets fbr divers.C Serve snacks fbr divers.D.Dive for shells.57.Why did the author have his hair cut?A.Because he tried to avoid losing hair.B.Because all divers had shaved hair.C.Because high pressure made him bald.D.Because he wanted to look professional.58.Why did the author get little harvest?A.Because there were not many pearls in the area.B.Because he still lacked experience in the job.C.Because the Saib pulled him up too early without permission.D.Because the rocky ridge was too rough.(B)These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer fbrholiday seekers.Oyster(牡蛎)FestivalTheres an old saying that its only safe to eat oysters in months ending in R,which was goodadvice in the age before refrigeration became a fashion.And thats exactly why originally the NewOrleans Oyster Festival was held in June,to break up the myth as locals never bothered to preserve thecreatures with their habit of directly eating the seafood,fresh from the sea.Today,featuring oysters第2页/总17页harvested from the Gulf of Mexico,Oyster Fest is a celebration of the worlds favorite food.If youveever wanted to enjoy the legendary oysters at Dragos where the recipe originated or take a bite out ofan oyster the size of a hamburger,Oyster Fest is for you.When to Go:June 3-4 Essence FestivalNew Orleans holds a special place in African-American life and history,so it should be nosurprise the city hosts a festival celebrating African-American music and culture in the United States.With free admission,Essence Festival,organized by the African-American womens magazine of thesame name,is a combination of four days of dynamic speeches and a showcase of African-Americanartists.When to Go:June 29-July 2,Cajun-Zydeco FestivalSouthern Louisiana is home to a variety of rich,unique cultures,and on a weekend in June inNew Orleans,one of them-Cajun-is on full display.The heart of Cajun country is in south-centralLouisiana,a strong showcase of Cajun culture,for which the Cajun-Zydeco Festival emerged.On theparticular weekend,you get ready to chew down on traditional food like Cajun gumbo at eateries,buyCajun crafts,and purchase a Cajun T-shirt.When to Go:June 24-25 Running of the BullsDue to its history,the nish influence still shows itself in New Orleans.The architectural style ofthe French Quarter is actually from in,and New Orleanss annual Running of the Bulls is,in part,anod to the citys nish heritage.Unlike the nish festival in Pamplona,the“bulls“in the Fest are notactual bulls but the women of the Big Roller derby team.However they do chase down white-and-red-clothed festival-goers,if infuriated.Therefore behave yourself or be prepared to run fbr life.When to Go:July 7-9,59.Why was New Orleans Oyster Festival held in June in the first place?A.Because refrigerator could be used to store oysters.B.Because it was not easy fbr oysters to go bad in summer.C.Because oysters could be cooked in various ways to extend storage period.D.Because New Orleans oysters were usually served raw.第3页/总17页60.The underlined word“infuriated“is closest in meaning to.A.exhibited B.color-blinded C.angered D.cheated61.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Oyster Festival nowadays is designed for people seeking the history of oyster harvest.B.Essence Festival celebrates the freedom of African-American women.C.Cajun-Zydeco Festival is mainly celebrated through dining and shopping.D.New Orleans has been stripped of nish influence.62.In which magazine does the passage most probably appear?A.Vacation Guide.B.Genuine Recipe.C.Architecture Vision.D.Music Billboard.（C）You may be familiar with the statistic that 90%of the worlds data were created in the last fewyears.The biggest setback with such a rate of information increase is that the present moment willalways emerge far larger than the past.Short-sightedness is built into the structure,in the form of anoverwhelming tendency to over-estimate near-term messages at the expense of history.To understand why this matters,consider the findings from social science about recency bias（倾向），which describes the tendency to assume that future events will closely resemble recentexperience.People tend to base thinking disproportionately on whatever comes most easily to mind.Its also worth remembering that novelty tends to be a dominant consideration when decidingwhat data to keep or delete.Out with the old and in with the new.Thats the digital trend in a worldwhere search algorithms（算法）are systematically biased towards freshness.They arc designed inline with human preference.Such a bias towards the present is structurally rooted in the humanweakness that we keep deserting things we once cherished simply because we grow tired of them.Whats really needed is something thought of as intelligent forgetting:leaming to let go of theimmediate past in order to keep its larger continuities in view.Its an act similar to organising aphotograph album-although with more maths.When are two million photographs less valuable thantwo thousand?Many data sets are irreducible and most precious when complete:gene sequences;第4页/总17页demographic（A 口的）data;the raw,hard knowledge of geography and physics.The softer the science,however,the more likely that scale is reversely connected with quality.In these cases,time itself israther important as a touch stone to judge the value of data.Either we choose carefully what endures,matters and meaningfully captures our past-or its foot print is silently replaced by the presentsgrowing noise.Mere gathering is no cure-all answer.In an era of bigger and bigger data,the leadingwarning for those who have to make decisions is that what you choose not to know matters just asmuch as what you do.63.What is the major problem with the explosion of recent information?A.Trends are too quickly produced.B.People have poor eyesight after viewing too much infbnnation.C.Present infbnnation is given too much emphasis.D.Prediction for future developments largely depends on the past information.64,What causeswidespread preference for newness?A.That algorithms require the latest information to make accurate prediction.B.That humans are accustomed to losing interest in old things.C.That short renewed period is the feature of modem data.D.That search algorithms keep uncovering the value of the newness.65.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Recent experience is rarely used to provide reference for future events.B.The quality of geographic knowledge depends on photo sorting rather than full data.C.Intelligent forgetting refers to replacing the immediate past with far-back data.D.Time helps us to evaluate data when the quality isnt in line with quantity.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The side effects of digital innovation.B.The values of complete data in softer subjects.C.The data discrimination caused by algorithms.D.The faulty preference for fresh data and ways out.第5页/总17页上海市静安区2021届高三一模英语试卷(A)The seven teenagers hurried towards the airport gate.Italy,s national under-16 swimmingchampionship was taking place in Genoa and the boys were going to compete there.14-year-oldMarco Sulis looked around fbr his teammates.Their coach sat near them.While preparing fbr take-off,the flight attendant began her routine safety briefing.Most of the passengers idled away the timeengaging in chatting and eating.Although air crashes are alien to Marco,he,who perceived how vitalthe process was,would later remember all her words.During the flight,as earlier instructed,he located the nearest emergency exit and made a mental noteof the red handle behind a protective plastic shield.To open the door,one had to remove the plasticand pull the handle.Flanked by mountains to the north,the airport is often battered by strong winds.Flight 1553 was ashort one.The sky that day was crystalline blue and visibility was perfect.At two minutes to touchdown,the plane rocked,which was later found to be out of mechanical faults.Soon,it touched down precariously on two wheels.The captain attempted to reduce the airplanesspeed by braking hard but it was no use.Slipping sideways,the plane rushed out into the sea at highspeed.Tons of water poured into the cabin.Passengers were shouting and rushing towards the emergencyexit door.Marco watched people struggle with the door fruitlessly.Let me do it!”Marco yelled,leaping out of his seat.Marco smashed the clear plastic with the palm of his hand.He grabbed the handle and pulled,usingall the strength in his body.The emergency exit door finally swung open.However,the emergencydoor pinned Marcos leg down.Passengers passed Marco as they rushed out of the plane.Alreadysoaking in water,Marco knew there was no time to waste.He pushed against the door as hard as hecould and managed to free his leg.Marco exited from the plane finally and saw his coach andteammates bobbing in the waves.He began swimming towards the concrete pier(码头).The others第6页/总17页followed.When they reached the pier,they were safe at last.Even though four people were killed in the accident,many more survived because of Marco.Marco just simply said,All I did was to watch safetybriefing.56.Why did Marco remember the safety briefing?A.Because he used to meet with an air accident.B.Because he is excellent at remembering things.C.Because he was not used to eating and chatting on board.D.Because he realized the importance of flight safety measures.57.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Marco was the passenger sitting nearest to the emergency exit.B.The weather condition was good for flying on the day of the accident.C.The plane went wrong above in sky because of the battering of wind.D.The pilot braked and finally managed to slow down the plane.58.Why didn*t Marco leave the plane as soon as the exit door was opened?A.Because he was trying to keep the exit door open for other passengers.B.Because he was looking for the coach and teammates in the plane.C.Because one part of his body was stuck tight.D.Because he was afraid of the sea water outside the plane.59.Many people were finally saved mainly because.A.the crash on the runway was not seriousB.Marco managed to open the exit doorC.they knew how to swim in the sea waterD.they received help from staff at concrete pier(B)Nicaragua is a land of opportunity fort ravelers.There are vast and varied activities one can havein this country.Hike Up the Mombacho Volcano第7页/总17页This two-hour hike isnt going to be an easy one,but it is a rewarding experience and will getyour heart racing.You can look forward to beautiful views of several of the four craters,spottingwildlife,and enjoying the cooler temperature.In case of any encounter with some fierce creatures,it isrecommended that you hire a tour guide at the welcome center who knows how to react at anemergency.Horseback Riding in the Cloud ForestsHorseback riding in the lush Nicaraguan countryside isn*t something to miss.To prevent anydanger a suspicious horse might bring,you have to book a packaged tour through a legal agency andthen accompanied by a groom,you can enjoy a morning or afternoon exploring the backroads rightoutside the city of Granada.The best part of this experience is a visit to the Apoyo Lagoon,a naturereserve that originated about 23,000years ago.With a beautiful lake,it is a welcomed respite afterriding in the hot sun fbr hours.Be sure to pack a bathing suit.Sunbathe in the Corn IslandsNot all activities have to be adrenaline-inducing.Take a break and enjoy the sunshine on theCorn Islands.The islands are about 43miles off the coast of Nicaragua and consist of Big Corn Islandand Little Com Island.Sunny,with warm weather year round,these islands make fbr the perfectvacation.Visitors can enjoy lazy beach days by the crystal blue waters of the Caribbean Sea.Volcano Board at Cerro NegroFor those who dare to try Volcano boarding there*s no better place than Cerro Negro.CerroNegro is still an active volcano that last erupted in 1999 and is monitored closely by the NicaraguanSeismic Network to prepare for the immediate evacuation in case of eruptions.When the volcano isbehaving itself;it is the perfect play ground fbr adventurers.Whichever tour company you book,you will need to be prepared to carry your board.Thesummit,from which you will board down,is about 2,388 feet,a height ideal for the activity.After aquick compulsory tutorial of what to do,you will put on your“flight suit”,gird your loins,anddescend down the volcano.The entire experience is about three to five minutes,depending on whetheryou stop or roll off your board.60.The underlined word evacuation is closest in meaning to.A
