计算机专业英语期末考试试卷A卷.docx

2022 年上半学期计算机专业英语期末考试试卷A 卷考试时间 90 分钟，总分值 100 分 . Vocabulary(词汇)(30 分)(一)Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出以下词组的汉语。 )(共10 分，每题 1 分)1. operating system2. requirements analysis3. network security4. data structure5. decision support system6. relational database7. software crisis8. computer virus9. email attachment10. central processing unit ( CPU )(二)Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(依据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) (共 10 分，每题 1 分)1. 数据库治理系统2. 传输掌握协议3. 多文档界面4. 面对对象编程5. 只读存储器6. 数字视频光盘7. 计算机关心设计8. 构造化查询语言9. 通用串行总线10. 企业之间的电子商务交易方式三Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in t he right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)(10 分，每空 1 分)1. multimediaa. 字处理器2. software life cycleb. 交换机3. structured programmingc. 多媒体4. functional testingd. 局域网5. word processore. 构造化程序设计6. code windowsf. 软件生命周期7. firewallg. 功能测试8. LANh. 代码窗口9. hackeri. 黑客10. switchj. 防火墙1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. Comprehension(阅读理解)一Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, andchange the form where necessary.从下面方框中选择适宜的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。(10 分, 每空 2 分)Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate andsoftware.That is, the development of software is on a systematic, , quantitive basis. Before starting the development of software, you have to systematically approa ch the problem. You have to understand the(what the software is supposed to do), carry o ut the design, do the, carry out a rigorous testing and if the software is as per the require ments, release the software to the customer. Subsequently, if the customer wants some changes-refine ments or enhancements then the software has to be.Passage AThe central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its c onfiguration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, t he physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have in creased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activi ties. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions that is, it adds, subtra cts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically“less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as“gre ater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.二Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.文的内容推断以下句子的正误10 分,每题 2 分依据上1. With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ()2. The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU.()3. The CPU comprises the control unit and memory.()4. The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions ()5. The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems.() Passage BIn order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence o f computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer . If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program. The task of d eveloping programs for the solution of computational problems is referred to as programming. Compu ter programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow. In general, this process will help us resolve a problem, which is either too tedious or difficult to work o ut otherwise . So programming is breaking a task down into small steps.Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of progr ams for given program specification, while programming includes the task of preparing the program sp ecification as well as that of writing the program. The text of a program is sometimes referred to as cod e, and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code, especially in the case of machine-language programs. The term coder is used to describe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others.What”s actually involved in programming - the actual process of writing programs? Here”s a quick overview of the process:l Write a program.l Compile the program.l Run the program.l Debug the program.l Repeat the whole process until the program is finished.(三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(依据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10 分，每题 2 分1. If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how toA. calculateB. programC. addD. subtract2. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence offor a computer to follow.A. stepsB. processC. linesD. graphics3. The term coder is used to describe.A. machineB. computerC. keyboardD. person4. In order to solve a computational problem, you can let a person or ato do it.A. machineB. computerC. keyboardD. mouse5. Which of the following is not the stages of programming?A. Write a program.B. Debug the program.C. Print the program.D. Compile the program. Passage CA computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. Th e program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging fr om the annoying to the disastrous.Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks repor ted in the first half of 2022 nearly match previous year”s total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative way s to attack network systems. Let”s first examine some common virus types:Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, progra ms or the hard drive.Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn”t replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open ”back doors.” Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular syst em or to steal very important data.Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one comput er to the next. During a worm attack, users” computers get infected without even having to click o pen email attachment or any program, etc.Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In or der to fight with such viruses, the software vendors should focus on making their products more r obust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line-by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installe d programs.(四)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(依据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10 分，每题 2 分)1.A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spreadof itself. AprogramsBvirusC copiesDfiles2. Worm spread itself except by.AnetworkBE-mailCprogramDhardware 3Antivirus program can scan andvirus.AcleanBproduceCreplicateDmake 4Trojan Horses.A. quickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive.B. infect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.C. allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.D. avoid the virus to attack computer.5According to BusinessWeek, theattacks reported in the first half of 2022 nearly m atch previous year”s total number .A 86,404B 76,404C56,354D34,876.Translation.翻译(30 分)(一) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.将以下句子翻译成汉语。共 20 分，每题 5 分1. For developing a software product, the development process is divided into 5 stages: Requirem ents Analysis & Specification, Design, Coding, Testing, and Maintenance.2. Functional testing tests whether the output is the expected result with the valid input.3. EDI refers to the electronic exchange of business information between two companies using a specific and structured format over private networks.4 Some applications, such as Word, allow for several windows in a special mode called MDI in which you can open multiple documents within the same application.(二) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.将下段文章翻译成汉语。共 10 分A high-level language is an artificial language with which we can write various instructions. This is possible not because computer processors are now so technologically advanced that they canun derstandthese languages. You should translate from programming languages into machine language whic h can be understood by the computer processors. Compilers can accomplish this task. This does mean that a high-level language program is not directly executable: it must be compiled to produc e processor program, which is executable.