高中英语（10）教师用书：Unit 1 阶段质量检测 A卷 学业水平达标.pdf
-1-A A 卷卷学业水平达标学业水平达标 【说明】【说明】本试卷满分本试卷满分 120120 分，分，考试时间考试时间 100100 分钟分钟.阅读理解阅读理解(共共 1515 小题；小题；每小题每小题 2 2 分，分，满分满分 3030 分分)A A ResearchersResearchers believebelieve thatthat thethe insectinsect isis betterbetter atat managingmanaging congestioncongestion (拥挤拥挤)thanthan humans.Antshumans.Ants areare thethe mostmost numerousnumerous typetype ofof animalanimal onon EarthEarth withwith brainsbrains thatthat containcontain aboutabout 250,000250,000 cellscells thethe largestlargest amongamong insects.insects.NowNow collectivecollective intelligenceintelligence expertexpert Dr.DirkDr.Dirk HelbingHelbing sayssays understandingunderstanding moremore aboutabout antsants couldcould helphelp solvesolve oneone ofof thethe headachesheadaches ofof modernmodern lifelife roadroad congestion.congestion.HisHis teamteam setset upup anan “ant“ant motorway”motorway”withwith twotwo routesroutes ofof differentdifferent widthswidths fromfrom thethe nestnest toto somesome sugarsugar syrupsyrup (糖浆糖浆).).SoonSoon thethe narrowernarrower routeroute becamebecame congested.congested.ButBut whenwhen anan antant returningreturning alongalong thethe congestedcongested routeroute toto thethe nestnest collidedcollided withwith anotheranother antant justjust startingstarting out,out,thethe returningreturning antant pushedpushed thethe newcomernewcomer ontoonto thethe otherother path.path.However,However,ifif thethe returningreturning antant hadhad enjoyedenjoyed a a troublefreetroublefree journeyjourney itit diddid notnot redirectredirect thethe newcomer.newcomer.TheThe resultresult waswas thatthat justjust beforebefore thethe shortestshortest routeroute becamebecame cloggedclogged thethe antsants werewere diverteddiverted (转移转移)toto anotheranother routeroute andand traffictraffic jamsjams nevernever formed.formed.TheThe researchersresearchers alsoalso createdcreated a a computercomputer modelmodel ofof moremore complexcomplex antant networksnetworks withwith routesroutes ofof differentdifferent lengths.lengths.TheThe teamteam foundfound thatthat eveneven thoughthough antsants beingbeing reroutedrerouted sometimessometimes tooktook a a longerlonger route,route,theythey stillstill gotgot toto thethe foodfood quicklyquickly andand efficiently.efficiently.Dr.Helbing,Dr.Helbing,ofof thethe DresdenDresden UniversityUniversity ofof TechnologyTechnology inin Germany,Germany,saidsaid thatthat whilewhile youyou cannotcannot allowallow carscars toto collidecollide withwith vehiclesvehicles comingcoming inin thethe oppositeopposite directiondirection asas a a formform ofof traffictraffic control,control,youyou couldcould dodo thethe nextnext bestbest thingthing andand allowallow themthem toto municate.HisHis planplan isis toto forceforce carscars travelingtraveling inin oneone directiondirection toto telltell oncomingoncoming vehiclesvehicles whatwhat traffictraffic conditionsconditions theythey areare aboutabout toto encounterencounter soso theythey cancan taketake evasiveevasive (回避的回避的)actionaction ifif necessary.necessary.1 1TheThe firstfirst paragraphparagraph impliesimplies that_.that_.A Aantsants areare cleverclever andand goodgood atat dealingdealing withwith traffictraffic jamsjams becausebecause ofof developeddeveloped brainbrain functionfunction-2-B Bantsants havehave a a specialspecial wayway toto managemanage congestioncongestion C C insectsinsects areare similarsimilar toto animalsanimals inin dealingdealing withwith traffictraffic jamsjams becausebecause ofof developeddeveloped brainbrain functionfunction D Dinsectsinsects havehave moremore advantagesadvantages thanthan humanshumans 解析：解析：选选 A A在昆虫中蚂蚁大脑的细胞最多，所以比较聪明，擅长处理交通问题。在昆虫中蚂蚁大脑的细胞最多，所以比较聪明，擅长处理交通问题。2 2TheThe underlinedunderlined wordword “clogged”“clogged”cancan bebe replacedreplaced byby _ inin thethe followingfollowing fourfour words.words.A Acleanedcleaned B Bcrowdedcrowded C Cnarrowednarrowed D Dshortenedshortened 解析：解析：选选 B B语境为：在最近的路线变得拥堵之前，蚂蚁就转向了另外一条路线，如此语境为：在最近的路线变得拥堵之前，蚂蚁就转向了另外一条路线，如此，“交通堵塞交通堵塞”永远不会出现。由此可知画线词为永远不会出现。由此可知画线词为“拥挤拥挤”之意。之意。3 3IfIf anan antant returnsreturns alongalong thethe crowdedcrowded routeroute toto thethe nest,nest,howhow willwill thethe antant solvesolve thethe traffictraffic problem?problem?A ATheThe antant willwill changechange thethe directiondirection ofof itsits own.own.B BTheThe antant willwill stopstop thethe newcomernewcomer fromfrom movingmoving aheadahead andand forceforce thethe newcomernewcomer toto waitwait herehere patiently.patiently.C CTheThe antant cancant t redirectredirect thethe newcomer.newcomer.D DTheThe antant willwill pushpush thethe newcomernewcomer toto thethe otherother route,route,soso traffictraffic jamsjams wonwont t form.form.解析：解析：选选 D D由第三段的第三句话可知答案。由第三段的第三句话可知答案。4 4WhatWhats s thethe adviceadvice thatthat Dr.HelbingDr.Helbing givesgives us?us?A ATheThe carscars cannotcannot bebe allowedallowed toto communicatecommunicate withwith vehiclesvehicles comingcoming inin thethe oppositeopposite direction.direction.B BTheThe carscars cancan communicatecommunicate withwith vehiclesvehicles inin thethe samesame direction.direction.C CTheThe carscars traveltravel inin oneone directiondirection andand telltell oncomingoncoming vehiclesvehicles aboutabout thethe traffictraffic conditions.conditions.D DWeWe shouldshould buildbuild moremore routesroutes ofof differentdifferent lengthslengths andand widths.widths.解析：解析：选选 C C由最后一段可知答案。由最后一段可知答案。B B HowHow cancan a a parentparent helphelp toto fosterfoster healthyhealthy selfesteemselfesteem inin a a child?child?HereHere areare somesome tipstips thatthat cancan makemake a a bigbig differencedifference：WatchWatch whatwhat youyou say.say.ChildrenChildren areare veryvery sensitivesensitive toto parentsparents words.words.RememberRemember toto praisepraise youryour childchild notnot onlyonly forfor a a jobjob wellwell done,done,butbut alsoalso forfor effort.Buteffort.But bebe truthful.truthful.ForFor example,example,ifif youryour childchild doesndoesnt t makemake thethe soccersoccer team,team,avoidavoid sayingsaying somethingsomething -3-like,like,“Well,“Well,nextnext timetime youyoullll workwork harderharder andand makemake it.”it.”Instead,Instead,saysay somethingsomething likelike “Well“Well youyou didndidnt t makemake thethe team,team,butbut I Im m reallyreally proudproud ofof thethe efforteffort youyou putput intointo it.”it.”BeBe a a positivepositive rolerole model.model.IfIf youyou areare excessivelyexcessively harshharsh (严酷的严酷的)onon yourself,yourself,pessimistic,pessimistic,oror unrealisticunrealistic aboutabout youryour abilitiesabilities andand limitations.limitations.YourYour childchild maymay eventuallyeventually mirrormirror you.you.RaiseRaise youryour ownown selfesteem,selfesteem,andand youryour childchild willwill havehave a a greatgreat rolerole model.model.IdentifyIdentify andand redirectredirect youryour childchilds s inaccurateinaccurate beliefs.beliefs.ItIts s importantimportant forfor parentsparents toto identifyidentify kidskids irrationalirrational beliefsbeliefs aboutabout themselves,themselves,whetherwhether theythey areare aboutabout perfection,perfection,attractiveness,attractiveness,ability,ability,oror anythinganything else.else.HelpingHelping youryour childchild setset moremore accurateaccurate standardsstandards andand bebe moremore realisticrealistic inin evaluatingevaluating himselfhimself oror herselfherself willwill helphelp youryour childchild havehave a a moremore healthyhealthy selfconcept.selfconcept.ForFor example,example,a a childchild whowho doesdoes veryvery wellwell inin schoolschool butbut strugglesstruggles withwith mathmath maymay say,say,“I“I cancant t dodo math.math.I Im m a a badbad student.”student.”NotNot onlyonly isis thisthis a a falsefalse generalization,generalization,butbut itits s alsoalso a a beliefbelief thatthat willwill setset youryour childchild upup forfor failure.failure.EncourageEncourage youryour childchild toto seesee thethe situationsituation inin itsits truetrue light.light.A A helpfulhelpful responseresponse mightmight bebe：“You“You areare a a goodgood student.student.YouYou dodo wellwell inin school.school.MathMath isis justjust a a subjectsubject thatthat youyou needneed toto spendspend moremore timetime on.on.WeWellll workwork onon itit together.”together.”HelpHelp youryour childchild becomebecome involvedinvolved inin constructiveconstructive experiences.experiences.ActivitiesActivities thatthat encourageencourage cooperationcooperation ratherrather thanthan competitioncompetition areare especiallyespecially helpfulhelpful inin fosteringfostering selfesteem.selfesteem.ForFor example,example,mentoringmentoring (辅导的辅导的)programsprograms inin whichwhich anan olderolder childchild helpshelps a a youngeryounger oneone learnlearn toto readread cancan dodo wonderswonders forfor bothboth children.children.5 5TheThe passagepassage mainlymainly givesgives adviceadvice on_.on_.A Ahowhow toto setset upup a a goodgood parentchildparentchild relationrelation B Bhowhow toto raiseraise youryour childchilds s selfesteemselfesteem C Chowhow toto makemake a a differencedifference toto youryour childchilds s lifelife D Dhowhow toto helphelp youryour childchild setset upup healthyhealthy selfesteemselfesteem 解析解析：选选 D D主旨大意题。综观全文，特别是从文章第一段可知，本文介绍的是应该怎样主旨大意题。综观全文，特别是从文章第一段可知，本文介绍的是应该怎样培养孩子健康的自尊心而不是提高孩子的自尊心。培养孩子健康的自尊心而不是提高孩子的自尊心。因此不选因此不选 B B。6 6AccordingAccording toto thethe passage,passage,youyou cancan praisepraise youryour child_.child_.A Aonlyonly whenwhen hehe succeedssucceeds B Bifif hehe hashas triedtried hishis bestbest C Cwhetherwhether hehe succeedssucceeds oror failsfails D Dforfor hishis efforteffort insteadinstead ofof goodgood outcomeoutcome-4-解析解析：选选 B B细节理解题。文章第一部分介绍表扬孩子不仅因为他做得好，还要表扬他付细节理解题。文章第一部分介绍表扬孩子不仅因为他做得好，还要表扬他付出的努力。出的努力。7 7InIn orderorder toto setset a a goodgood rolerole model,model,a a parentparent shouldshould be_.be_.A Averyvery strictstrict withwith himselfhimself oror herselfherself B Bconfidentconfident ofof hishis oror herher ownown abilityability C Coptimisticoptimistic andand realisticrealistic D Dblindblind toto hishis oror herher limitationlimitation 解析解析：选选 C C推理判断题。从文章第二部分判断，父母如果太严酷，太悲观以及不切实际推理判断题。从文章第二部分判断，父母如果太严酷，太悲观以及不切实际都会对孩子造成不良影响。都会对孩子造成不良影响。8 8 TheThe underlinedunderlined wordword “irrational”“irrational”inin partpart threethree probablyprobably meansmeans “_“_”A Aunreasonableunreasonable B Bunclearunclear C Cdoubtfuldoubtful D Dpracticalpractical 解析解析：选选 A A词义猜测题。从单词所在句后面的句子词义猜测题。从单词所在句后面的句子“要帮助孩子树立正确的标准，要让要帮助孩子树立正确的标准，要让他他/她对自己有现实的评价她对自己有现实的评价”可推出，单词的意思与后文表达的意思相反，因此单词的意思是可推出，单词的意思与后文表达的意思相反，因此单词的意思是“不合理的不合理的”。C C LifeLife isis difficult.difficult.ItIt isis a a greatgreat truthtruth becausebecause onceonce wewe trulytruly understandunderstand andand acceptaccept it.it.ThenThen lifelife isis nono longerlonger difficult.difficult.MostMost dodo notnot fullyfully seesee thisthis truth.truth.InsteadInstead theythey complaincomplain aboutabout theirtheir problemsproblems andand difficultiesdifficulties asas ifif lifelife shouldshould bebe easy.easy.ItIt seemsseems toto themthem thatthat difficultiesdifficulties representrepresent a a specialspecial kindkind ofof sufferingsuffering especiallyespecially forcedforced uponupon themthem oror elseelse uponupon theirtheir families,families,theirtheir class,class,oror eveneven theirtheir nation.nation.WhatWhat makesmakes lifelife difficultdifficult isis thatthat thethe processprocess ofof facingfacing andand solvingsolving problemsproblems isis a a painfulpainful one.one.Problems,Problems,dependingdepending onon theirtheir nature,nature,causecause usus sadnesssadness or,or,lonelinessloneliness oror regretregret oror angeranger oror fear.fear.TheseThese areare uncomfortableuncomfortable feelings,feelings,oftenoften asas painfulpainful asas anyany kindkind ofof physicalphysical pain.pain.AndAnd sincesince lifelife causescauses anan endlessendless seriesseries ofof problems,problems,lifelife isis alwaysalways difficultdifficult andand isis fullfull ofof painpain asas wellwell asas joy.joy.Yet,Yet,itit isis inin thisthis wholewhole processprocess ofof solvingsolving problemsproblems thatthat lifelife hashas itsits meaning.meaning.ProblemsProblems areare thethe seriousserious testtest thatthat tellstells usus successsuccess fromfrom failure.failure.WhenWhen wewe desiredesire toto encourageencourage thethe growthgrowth ofof humanhuman spirit,spirit,wewe encourageencourage thethe humanhuman abilityability toto solvesolve problems,problems,-5-justjust asas inin schoolschool wewe setset problemsproblems forfor ourour childrenchildren toto solve.solve.ItIt isis throughthrough thethe painpain ofof meetingmeeting andand workingworking outout problemsproblems thatthat wewe learn.learn.AsAs BenjaminBenjamin FranklinFranklin said,said,“ThoseThose thingsthings thatthat hurt,hurt,instruct.instruct.”ItIt isis forfor thisthis reasonreason thatthat wisewise peoplepeople learnlearn notnot toto fearfear butbut toto welcomewelcome thethe painpain ofof problems.problems.9 9FromFrom thethe passage,passage,itit cancan bebe inferredinferred thatthat _._.A Aeverybodyeverybody hashas problemsproblems B Bwewe becomebecome strongerstronger byby meetingmeeting andand solvingsolving thethe problemsproblems ofof lifelife C Clifelife isis difficultdifficult becausebecause ourour problemsproblems bringbring usus painpain D Dpeoplepeople likelike toto complaincomplain aboutabout theirtheir problemsproblems 解析解析：选选 B B推理判断题。推理判断题。文章告诉了人们这样一个道理文章告诉了人们这样一个道理：生活是艰难的，但艰难的生活生活是艰难的，但艰难的生活是有意义的。是有意义的。1010TheThe mainmain ideaidea ofof paragraphparagraph threethree isis thatthat _._.A Amostmost peoplepeople feelfeel lifelife isis easyeasy B Bthethe writerwriter feelsfeels lifelife isis easyeasy C Cthethe writerwriter likeslikes toto complaincomplain aboutabout hishis problemsproblems D Dmostmost peoplepeople complaincomplain aboutabout howhow hardhard theirtheir liveslives areare 解析解析：选选 D D主旨大意题。主旨大意题。从第三段的第一句和第二句话得出答案从第三段的第一句和第二句话得出答案：人们经常抱怨生活的人们经常抱怨生活的艰辛。艰辛。1111 TheThe sayingsaying fromfrom BenjaminBenjamin FranklinFranklin “Those“Those thingsthings thatthat hurt,hurt,instruct”instruct”suggestsuggest thatthat _._.A Awewe dodo notnot learnlearn fromfrom experienceexperience B Bwewe dodo notnot learnlearn whenwhen wewe areare painpain C Cpainpain teachesteaches usus importantimportant lessonslessons D Dpainpain cannotcannot bebe avoidedavoided 解析：解析：选选 C C细节理解题。从文中的细节理解题。从文中的“It“It isis throughthrough thethe painpain ofof meetingmeeting andand workingworking outout problemsproblems thatthat wewe learn”learn”一句话可以得出答案。一句话可以得出答案。1212WhatWhat kindkind ofof feelingfeeling isis notnot causedcaused byby problems?problems?A ASadnessSadness andand fear.fear.B BLonelinessLoneliness andand anger.anger.C CRegretRegret andand pain.pain.D DOtherOther problemsproblems andand joy.joy.解析解析：选选 D D细节理解题细节理解题。由第四段可知由第四段可知，问题可以带给人们问题可以带给人们 sadnesssadness，lonelinessloneliness，regretregret，angeranger 或或 fearfear 以及以及 painpain，但却不会给
