高中英语（10）教师用书：Unit 1 阶段质量检测 B卷 能力素养提升.pdf

-1-B B 卷卷能力素养提升能力素养提升【说明】【说明】本试卷满分本试卷满分 120120 分，分，考试时间考试时间 100100 分钟分钟.阅读理解阅读理解(共共 1515 小题；小题；每小题每小题 2 2 分，分，满分满分 3030 分分)A A SinceSince HenryHenry FordFord turnedturned itit intointo a a massmarketmassmarket productproduct a a centurycentury ago,ago,thethe carcar hashas delivereddelivered manymany benefits.benefits.ItIt hashas promotedpromoted economiceconomic growth,growth,increasedincreased socialsocial mobilitymobility andand givengiven peoplepeople a a lotlot ofof fun.fun.ButBut thethe carcar hashas alsoalso broughtbrought manymany problems.problems.ItIt pollutespollutes thethe air,air,createscreates traffictraffic jamsjams andand killskills people.people.AnAn astonishingastonishing 1.241.24 millionmillion peoplepeople die,die,andand asas manymany asas 5050 millionmillion areare hurt,hurt,inin roadroad accidentsaccidents eacheach year.year.DriversDrivers andand passengerspassengers wastewaste aroundaround 9090 billionbillion hourshours inin traffictraffic jamsjams eacheach year.year.InIn somesome carchokedcarchoked citiescities asas muchmuch asas a a thirdthird ofof thethe petrolpetrol usedused isis burnedburned byby peoplepeople lookinglooking forfor a a spacespace toto park.park.Fortunately,Fortunately,a a newnew technologytechnology promisespromises toto makemake motoringmotoring safer,safer,lessless pollutingpolluting andand lessless tendencytendency toto holdups.holdups.“Connected“Connected cars”cars”whichwhich maymay eventuallyeventually developdevelop intointo driverlessdriverless carscars butbut forfor thethe foreseeableforeseeable futurefuture willwill stillstill havehave a a humanhuman atat thethe wheelwheel cancan communicatecommunicate wirelesslywirelessly withwith eacheach otherother andand withwith traffictraffic managementmanagement systems,systems,avoidavoid walkerswalkers andand otherother vehiclesvehicles andand findfind openopen parkingparking spots.spots.SomeSome partsparts ofof thethe transformationtransformation areare alreadyalready inin place.place.ManyMany newnew carscars areare alreadyalready beingbeing fittedfitted withwith equipmentequipment thatthat letslets themthem keepkeep theirtheir distancedistance andand staystay inin a a motorwaymotorway automaticallyautomatically atat a a rangerange ofof speeds.speeds.Soon,Soon,allall newnew carscars inin EuropeEurope willwill havehave toto bebe ableable toto warnwarn thethe emergencyemergency servicesservices ifif theirtheir onboardonboard sensorssensors (传感器传感器)discoverdiscover a a crash.crash.SingaporeSingapore hashas ledled thethe wayway withwith usingusing variablevariable tollstolls (道路通行费道路通行费)toto smoothsmooth traffictraffic flowsflows duringduring rushrush hours;hours;BritainBritain isis pioneeringpioneering “smart“smart motorwaysmotorways”，whosewhose speedspeed limitslimits varyvary constantlyconstantly toto achieveachieve a a_ _similarsimilar_ _effecteffect.TheseThese newnew inventionsinventions couldcould createcreate a a muchmuch moremore highlyhighly effectiveeffective systemsystem inin whichwhich carscars andand theirtheir driversdrivers areare constantlyconstantly warnedwarned ofof dangersdangers andand showedshowed thethe ways.ways.TrafficTraffic alwaysalways flowsflows atat thethe properproper speedspeed andand vehiclesvehicles cancan traveltravel closercloser together,together,yetyet withwith lessless riskrisk ofof crashing.crashing.InIn thethe past,past,moremore peoplepeople drivingdriving meantmeant moremore roads,roads,moremore jams,jams,moremore deathdeath andand moremore pollution.pollution.InIn future,future,thethe connectedconnected carcar couldcould offeroffer mankindmankind thethe pleasurespleasures ofof thethe roadroad withwith ratherrather lessless ofof thethe pain.pain.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了未来的汽车。汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带语篇解读：文章主要介绍了未来的汽车。汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。-2-1 1AccordingAccording toto ParagraphParagraph 2,2,thethe problemproblem ofof parkingparking hashas resultedresulted inin _._.A Amoremore timetime onon thethe roadroad B Ba a greatgreat wastewaste ofof fuelfuel C Ceveneven heavierheavier traffictraffic jamsjams D Dincreasedincreased deathdeath andand injuriesinjuries 解析：解析：选选 B B细节理解题。根据第二段细节理解题。根据第二段“In“In somesome carchokedcarchoked citiescities asas muchmuch asas a a thirdthird ofof thethe petrolpetrol usedused isis burnedburned byby peoplepeople lookinglooking forfor a a spacespace toto park.”park.”可知，在一些可知，在一些拥挤的城市里，寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油拥挤的城市里，寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费，的浪费，故选故选 B B。2 2WhatWhat doesdoes “a“a similarsimilar effect”effect”inin ParagraphParagraph 4 4 referrefer to?to?A AReducingReducing traffictraffic jams.jams.B BBuildingBuilding smartsmart motorways.motorways.C CSettingSetting properproper speedspeed limits.limits.D DKeepingKeeping steadysteady traffictraffic flows.flows.解析：解析：选选 D D词义猜测题。根据本段词义猜测题。根据本段“Singapore“Singapore hashas ledled thethe wayway withwith usingusing variablevariable tollstolls (道路通行费道路通行费)toto smoothsmooth traffictraffic flowsflows duringduring rushrush hours”hours”可知，新加坡通过使用浮可知，新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，故选故选 D D。3 3WhatWhat isis thethe authorauthors s attitudeattitude towardstowards connectedconnected cars?cars?A ACurious.Curious.B BDoubtful.Doubtful.C CSupportive.Supportive.D DDisappointed.Disappointed.解析解析：选选 C C观点态度题。根据第四段观点态度题。根据第四段“These“These newnew inventionsinventions couldcould createcreate a a muchmuch moremore highlyhighly effectiveeffective system”system”和第五段和第五段“In“In future,future,thethe connectedconnected carcar couldcould offeroffer mankindmankind thethe pleasurespleasures ofof thethe roadroad withwith ratherrather lessless ofof thethe pain.”pain.”可知，作者认为这种新的发可知，作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，故选故选 C C。4 4WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing cancan bebe thethe bestbest titletitle ofof thethe text?text?A ATheThe FutureFuture ofof Cars:Cars:WirelessWireless WheelsWheels B BTheThe FutureFuture TrafficTraffic ManagementManagement SystemSystem C CTheThe BenefitsBenefits andand ProblemsProblems ofof CarsCars D DTheThe PromisingPromising FutureFuture ofof CarCar ProductionProduction 解析：解析：选选 A A标题归纳题。根据第三段标题归纳题。根据第三段“a“a newnew technologytechnology promisespromises toto makemake motoringmotoring safer,safer,lessless pollutingpolluting andand lessless tendencytendency toto holdups.holdups.ConnectedConnected carscars whichwhich maymay eventuallyeventually developdevelop intointo driverlessdriverless cars”cars”和第四段和第四段“Many“Many newnew carscars areare alreadyalready beingbeing fittedfitted withwith equipmentequipment thatthat letslets themthem keepkeep theirtheir distance”distance”和第五段和第五段“In“In future,future,thethe -3-connectedconnected carcar couldcould offeroffer .less.less ofof thethe pain.”pain.”可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不是未来的交通管理系统。是未来的交通管理系统。故选故选 A A。B B IfIf youyou havehave anan allergyallergy toto somesome food,food,eveneven a a veryvery tinytiny bitbit ofof foodfood cancan makemake youyou sick.sick.LotsLots ofof kidskids havehave foodfood allergiesallergies aboutabout 3 3 millionmillion inin thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates alone.alone.TheThe foodsfoods thatthat causecause thethe mostmost foodfood allergiesallergies includeinclude peanutspeanuts andand otherother nuts;nuts;seafood,seafood,suchsuch asas shrimp;shrimp;milk,milk,particularlyparticularly cowcows s milk;milk;eggs;eggs;wheat.wheat.WhatWhat IsIs a a FoodFood Allergy?Allergy?FoodFood allergiesallergies occuroccur whenwhen youryour immuneimmune systemsystem makesmakes a a mistake.mistake.Usually,Usually,youryour immuneimmune systemsystem protectsprotects youyou fromfrom germsgerms andand disease.disease.ItIt doesdoes thisthis byby makingmaking antibodiesantibodies thatthat helphelp youyou fightfight offoff bacteria,bacteria,viruses,viruses,andand otherother tinytiny organismsorganisms thatthat cancan makemake youyou sick.sick.ButBut ifif youyou havehave a a foodfood allergy,allergy,youryour immuneimmune systemsystem mistakenlymistakenly treatstreats somethingsomething inin a a certaincertain foodfood asas ifif itits s reallyreally dangerousdangerous toto you.you.WhatWhats s a a ReactionReaction Like?Like?InIn thethe mostmost seriousserious cases,cases,a a foodfood allergyallergy cancan causecause anaphylaxisanaphylaxis (过敏症过敏症).).ThisThis isis a a sudden,sudden,severesevere allergicallergic reactionreaction inin whichwhich severalseveral problemsproblems occuroccur allall atat onceonce andand cancan involveinvolve thethe skin,skin,breathing,breathing,digestion,digestion,thethe heartheart andand bloodblood vessels.vessels.A A personpersons s bloodblood pressurepressure cancan drop,drop,breathingbreathing tubestubes cancan narrownarrow andand thethe tonguetongue cancan swell.swell.PeoplePeople atat riskrisk forfor thisthis kindkind ofof reactionreaction havehave toto bebe veryvery carefulcareful andand needneed a a planplan forfor handlinghandling emergencies,emergencies,whenwhen theythey mightmight needneed toto getget specialspecial medicinemedicine toto stopstop thesethese symptomssymptoms fromfrom gettinggetting worse.worse.WhatWhat WillWill thethe DoctorDoctor Do?Do?IfIf youyou thinkthink youyou maymay bebe allergicallergic toto a a certaincertain food,food,letlet youryour parentsparents know.know.TheyThey willwill taketake youyou toto thethe doctordoctor toto getget itit checkedchecked out.out.IfIf youryour doctordoctor thinksthinks youyou mightmight havehave a a foodfood allergy,allergy,hehe oror sheshe willwill probablyprobably sendsend youyou toto seesee a a doctordoctor whowho specializesspecializes inin allergies.allergies.TheThe allergyallergy specialistspecialist willwill askask youyou aboutabout pastpast reactionsreactions andand howhow longlong itit takestakes betweenbetween eatingeating thethe foodfood andand gettinggetting thethe symptom,symptom,suchsuch asas hives.hives.TheThe allergistallergist alsoalso maymay askask aboutabout whetherwhether anyoneanyone elseelse inin youryour familyfamily hashas allergiesallergies oror otherother allergyrelatedallergyrelated conditions.conditions.TheThe allergistallergist maymay alsoalso wantwant toto dodo a a skinskin test.test.ThisThis isis a a wayway ofof seeingseeing howhow youryour bodybody reactsreacts toto a a veryvery smallsmall amountamount ofof thethe foodfood thatthat isis givinggiving youyou trouble.trouble.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食物过敏症的一些知识，包括食物过敏症的语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食物过敏症的一些知识，包括食物过敏症的-4-症状及其应对措施等。症状及其应对措施等。5 5AccordingAccording toto thethe passage,passage,youyou willwill havehave a a foodfood allergyallergy whenwhen youryour immuneimmune systemsystem _._.A Arecognizesrecognizes tinytiny organismsorganisms inin a a certaincertain foodfood B Bmistakenlymistakenly makesmakes antibodiesantibodies toto helphelp fightfight offoff somethingsomething inin a a certaincertain foodfood C Cpreventsprevents somethingsomething harmfulharmful inin thethe foodfood fromfrom enteringentering youryour digestivedigestive systemsystem D Dreleasesreleases chemicalschemicals toto removeremove harmfulharmful thingsthings inin a a certaincertain foodfood 解析：解析：选选 B B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But“But ifif youyou havehave .dangerousdangerous toto you.”you.”可知，当你过敏时，你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生可知，当你过敏时，你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生抗体。抗体。故选故选 B B 项。项。6 6InIn thethe suddensudden andand severesevere allergicallergic reaction,reaction,whichwhich ofof thethe followingfollowing maymay happen?happen?A ABloodBlood pressurepressure rising.rising.B BLipsLips swelling.swelling.C CBreathingBreathing difficulty.difficulty.D DHeartHeart beatingbeating becomingbecoming slow.slow.解析：解析：选选 C C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“This“This isis a a suddensudden .andand bloodblood vessels.”vessels.”及下一句中的及下一句中的“breathing“breathing tubestubes cancan narrow”narrow”可知，过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管可知，过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管变窄，出现呼吸困难。变窄，出现呼吸困难。故选故选 C C 项。项。7 7WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing suggestionssuggestions isis givengiven toto thosethose atat riskrisk ofof severesevere allergicallergic reaction?reaction?A ATakingTaking medicinemedicine asas soonsoon asas anan allergicallergic reactionreaction appears.appears.B BAvoidingAvoiding eatingeating anyany foodfood whenwhen goinggoing outside.outside.C CAlwaysAlways carryingcarrying withwith specialspecial medicinemedicine forfor possiblepossible symptoms.symptoms.D DPreparingPreparing a a planplan forfor dealingdealing withwith emergenciesemergencies aheadahead ofof time.time.解析：解析：选选 D D细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“People“People atat riskrisk forfor thisthis kindkind ofof reactionreaction havehave toto bebe veryvery carefulcareful andand needneed a a planplan forfor handlinghandling emergencies”emergencies”可知，可知，过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备。过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备。故选故选 D D 项。项。8 8WhatWhat willwill anan allergistallergist dodo toto checkcheck youryour foodfood allergyallergy out?out?A AAskAsk youyou aboutabout thethe allergyassociatedallergyassociated information.information.B BGiveGive youyou somesome medicinemedicine rightright away.away.C CEnquireEnquire aboutabout youryour presentpresent feelingfeeling towardstowards thethe food.food.D DGiveGive youyou a a shotshot ofof liquidliquid extractextract ofof food.food.解析解析：选选 A A推理判断题推理判断题。根据最后一段第四根据最后一段第四、五句五句“The“The allergyallergy specialistspecialist .oror otherother allergyrelatedallergyrelated conditions.”conditions.”可知，过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题。可知，过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题。-5-故答案为故答案为 A A 项。项。C C Stressed?Stressed?ItIt isis shownshown inin recentrecent researchresearch thatthat walkingwalking oror cyclingcycling toto workwork calmscalms youyou downdown (traveling(traveling byby busbus oror traintrain isis alsoalso betterbetter thanthan driving)driving)“Walking“Walking toto workwork reducesreduces stressstress andand improvesimproves brainbrain powerpower，”researchersresearchers say.say.AdultsAdults whowho stoppedstopped drivingdriving thethe carcar andand startedstarted walkingwalking oror cyclingcycling becamebecame calmercalmer andand foundfound itit easiereasier toto concentrate.concentrate.A A studystudy ofof 18,00018,000 BritonsBritons foundfound thatthat goinggoing toto workwork byby traintrain oror busbus improvedimproved theirtheir wellbeingwellbeing comparedcompared withwith driving.driving.TheThe study,study,publishedpublished inin thethe journaljournal PreventivePreventive Medicine,Medicine,alsoalso foundfound thatthat thethe longerlonger peoplepeople spentspent walkingwalking oror cycling,cycling,thethe happierhappier oror lessless stressedstressed theythey were.were.However,However,stressstress levelslevels andand inabilityinability toto concentrateconcentrate worsenedworsened ifif theythey spentspent moremore timetime inin thethe car.car.LeadLead researcherresearcher AdamAdam Martin,Martin,fromfrom thethe UniversityUniversity ofof EastEast