高中英语必修一学案：Unit 3词汇.pdf

1 UNIT3 Looking good,feeling good 基础知识排查：.重点单词识记 1figure/fI(r)/n体形；数字；人物 2work/wk/vi.起作用，有效果，奏效 3contain/knteIn/vt.包含，容纳；克制，抑制 4damage/dmId/vt.损害，伤害；n.损害，伤害；(法院判定的)损害赔偿金(复数)5pressure/pre(r)/n压力 6sadness/sdns/n悲伤 7approximately/prksImtlI/adv.大约 8properly/prplI/adv.适当地 9count/kant/vi.认为，算作；重要；vt.数数 10amount/mant/n数量 11loss/ls/n丧失，丢失，损失 12gain/eIn/v增加；获得，赢得；(钟表)快 13ashamed/eImd/adj.惭愧的，羞愧的shame n羞愧shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 14energetic/endetIk/adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的energy n能量；精力 15recover/rIkv(r)/vi.复原，恢复健康；vt.重新获得，恢复recovery n恢复；痊愈 16failure/feIlj(r)/n衰退，衰竭；失败；故障，失灵fail v失败；出故障，失灵；衰退 17treatment/tritmnt/n治疗；待遇；处理treat vt.治疗；对待；款待 18attractive/trktIv/adj.有吸引力的，有魅力的attract vt.吸引attraction n 吸引人的特征；有吸引力的地方；吸引，吸引力 19embarrassed/Imbrst/adj.尴尬的，不好意思的，难为情的embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪 20prefer/prIf(r)/vt.更喜欢preference n偏爱，偏好；喜爱 21suffer/sf(r)/vt.&vi.受苦；遭受(磨难)suffering n疼痛；痛苦；折磨sufferer n 患病者；受苦者 22affect/fekt/vt.影响；(疾病)使感染，侵袭；感动，打动affection n喜爱，钟爱 23achievement/tivmnt/n成就achieve v获得 2 24including/InkludI/prep.包括include v包括 25equipment/IkwIpmnt/n器材；设备equip vt.配备，装备 26comfort/kmft/n安慰；舒适；vt.安慰comfortable adj.舒适的uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不自在的 27useless/jusls/adj.无用的，无效的useful adj.有用的 28concentrate/knsntreIt/vt.&vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注concentration n专心，专注 1.slim：1)(人)苗条的；纤细的 a slim figure/body/waist 苗条的体形/身材；纤细的腰肢 She was tall and slim.她是个瘦高个儿。2)微薄的；不足的；少的；小的 a slim chance of success 成功的可能性不大 2.figure n.数字；身材；体形；人物；v.计算；认为 keep ones figure 保持体形 figure out 弄懂；计算出 Some people wonder how Lin Zhiling keeps her figure.一些人想知道林志玲是怎样保持身材的。I cant figure out why he quit his job.我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。夯实基础 写出下列句子中 figure 的汉语意思(1)She has a good figure.身材(2)By 2013，this figure had risen to 14 million.数字(3)Chairman Mao is an important political figure.人物 2.ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的feeling shame or embarrassment about 3 bebe ashamedashamed ofof oneselfoneself forfor doing.doing.某人做了某事而感到羞愧某人做了某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do.耻于做；因惭愧而不情愿；羞于 Its a shame that-是令人遗憾的事 I always feel ashamed whenever I see this.每次看到它我都感到羞愧。Its a shame that she isnt here to see it.真可惜她不能在这儿亲自看看。She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你扯这种谎应该感到羞耻。Im ashamed to say that I lied to her.我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。词义辨析shameful，ashamed(1)shameful 表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的”，可作表语或定语。(2)ashamed 是“感到羞耻的”、“觉得惭愧的”意思，表示主语主观认为可耻的，只能作表语。夯实基础 用 shameful，ashamed 填空(1)We thought his behavior was shameful.(2)Im ashamed to leave you this way.3.recover vi.复原，恢复健康；vt.重新获得，恢复 recover from 从中恢复 recover oneself 恢复正常；使清醒 recover losses/ones lost watch 弥补损失/找回失去的手表 recovery n.康复，恢复 Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages，we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon.看到她腿缠绷带躺在床上我们都很难过并希望她能尽快康复。夯实基础 用所给词的适当形式填空(1)She soon recovered herself(she)and went on with her lecture.(2)The boy made a quick recovery_(recover)from his cold.4 4.failure n衰退，衰竭；失败；故障，失灵；失败的人(事)end in failure 以失败结束 fail v.失败；未能做；不及格；失灵；歉收；突然失去 fail to do.未能做 AllAll mymy effortsefforts endedended inin failurefailure .我的一切努力最后都无济于事。我的一切努力最后都无济于事。TheThe causecause ofof thethe crashcrash waswas givengiven asas engineengine failure.failure.撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。TheThe wholewhole thingthing waswas a a completecomplete failure.failure.整个事情彻底失败了。整个事情彻底失败了。HeHe waswas a a failurefailure asas a a teacher.teacher.他当教师并不成功。他当教师并不成功。HeHe failedfailed hishis drivingdriving test.test.他驾驶执照考试不及格。他驾驶执照考试不及格。夯实基础 写出下列句中 fail 的汉语意思(1)If you dont work hard，you may fail.失败(2)He failed his driving test.不及格(3)He never fails to write to his mother every week.忘记(4)The crops failed because of drought.歉收(5)My uncles kidneys failed two days after the operation.失灵 5.contain v.包含，含有；容纳hold；控制，抑制control contain oneself控制自己 This drink doesnt contain any alcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。这种饮料不含任何酒精。5 a brown envelope containing dollar bills 装有钞票的棕色信封装有钞票的棕色信封 The bottle contains(=can hold)two litres.此瓶容量为两升。此瓶容量为两升。图解助记 词义辨析include，contain(1)include(1)include“包括包括”，指一整体包含着各独立的部分，侧重被包含者只是整体，指一整体包含着各独立的部分，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。中的一部分。常用结构为常用结构为 includeinclude sthsth 包括：包括：includingincluding sb./sth.sb./sth.和和 sb./sth.sb./sth.includedincluded(2)contain(2)contain“包括包括”，侧重侧重“整体内有整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时。不用于进行时。夯实基础 用 include，contain 的适当形式填空(1)This book contains all the information you need.(2)Our six-city tour included a visit to London.（3）暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。Six people were killed in the riot,including a policeman.=Six people were killed in the riot,a policeman included.6.damage n.&vt.损害；伤害；破坏 u (to sb/sth)damage to a persons reputation 对个人名誉的损害 damage ones health 损害健康 cause/do damage to 对-伤害或破坏 damage ones good name/reputation 毁坏名声 cause/do damage to 对伤害/破 The storm didnt do much damage.暴风雨并未造成严重损失.Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。He was ordered to pay damages totaling$30,000.6 他被责令支付总额 3 万美元的赔偿金。词义辨析damage，destroy，ruin(1)damage 是程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。(2)destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深，强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。(3)ruin 亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。夯实基础 用 damage，destroy，ruin 的适当形式填空 After the Wenchuan earthquake，many buildings were destroyed，but the local people still repaired the damaged ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming to ruin.7 7dietdiet n n.节食；日常饮食；规定饮食（为健康或减肥等目的）节食；日常饮食；规定饮食（为健康或减肥等目的）vivi 节食；进规定饮食节食；进规定饮食 be/gobe/go onon a a dietdiet 节食节食 putput sb.onsb.on a a dietdiet 控制某人的饮食控制某人的饮食 a a balancedbalanced dietdiet 均衡饮食均衡饮食 a a low-fat,low-fat,salt-freesalt-free dietdiet 低脂肪无盐的饮食低脂肪无盐的饮食 Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。The doctor advised him to go on a diet to lose weight.医生建议他节食减肥。夯实基础 同义句改写 She is dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.(用 diet 的名词短语改写句子)She_is_on_a_diet_but_she_never_seems_to_lose_any_weight.8.prefer v更喜欢；更喜欢；选择某事物选择某事物(而不选择其他事物而不选择其他事物)prefer sth/to do sth/doing sth/that 从句从句.更喜欢做更喜欢做 7 prefer sb.to do.喜欢让某人做喜欢让某人做 prefer doing.to doing.prefer to do.rather than do.和相比更喜欢做和相比更喜欢做 have a preference for 比较喜欢比较喜欢 give(a)preference to sb/sth 给以优惠给以优惠/优待优待 in preference to sb/sth 而不是而不是 Fluency in Chinese is preferred.流利的汉语是首选。I much prefer jazz to rock music.我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。I prefer not to think about it.我不想考虑此事。I prefer playing in defence.我喜欢打防守。Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗？I would prefer that you did not mention my name.我希望你不要说出我的名字。I prefer doing practical exercise to working at grammar.相比学习语法,我更倾向于做实际的练习.She was chosen in preference to her sister.她被选中了，而不是她妹妹 同义句改写 She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.(1)She_preferred_going_with_us_to_staying_behind.(用 prefer doing to doing 改写句子)(2)She_would_rather_go_with_us_than_stay_behind.(用 would rather do.than do 改写句子)(3)She_would_go_with_us_rather_than_stay_behind.(用 would do rather than do 改写句子)9.suffersuffer v.v.因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等受苦，受难，受折磨toto bebe badlybadly affectedaffected；遭受，经受experienceexperience；得病 suffersuffer sth:sth:遭受，蒙受遭受，蒙受-suffersuffer fromsthfromsth 受受折磨；患折磨；患病病;经历经历-He suffered a massive heart attack.他的心脏病发作很严重。He suffers from asthma.他患有哮喘。辨析：suffer:指一般的损害痛苦等。后常接 pain/defeat/lossses/the result/hardship suffer from:指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。常接 hunger/fever/disease/stomachs/flood 等作宾语。suffering n.U疼痛；痛苦；折磨；苦难 sufferings 复数痛苦；苦恼;让人痛苦的事 特别提醒 suffer 和 suffer from 一般不用于被动语态。夯实基础 用 suffer 的适当形式填空 8(1)After the flooding，people were_suffering in that area，who urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.(2)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.10.affect v.影响influence；打动；侵袭，使感染attack be affected with high fever 发高烧 affect sb.to tears 把某人感动得流泪 Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。She was deeply affected by the news of his death.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。effect n.影响；效果，作用 side effect 副作用 have an effect on/upon 对有影响 bring/put sth into effect 使生效；实行；实施 come into effect:生效；开始实施 take effect:(药等)见效；(法律等)生效 The recommendations will soon be put into effect.这些建议即将付诸实施。New controls come into effect next month.下月开始实施新的管制措施。The aspirins soon take effect.阿司匹林药片很快见效。The new law takes effect from tomorrow.新法令明日起生效。夯实基础 用 effect，affect 的适当形式填空 The drug didnt affect his health；in fact，it seemed to have no effect at all.11.equipment n.器材；设备；装备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 equip v.配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力 equip.with.用装备 equip sb.for doing sth.使某人为做某事而准备 equip sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事 be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事 We equip our children with a good education.我们使孩子们受到良好的教育.Your education will equip you to earn a good living.你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活.夯实基础 用适当的介词填空(1)They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.(2)She was fully equipped for the climbing.9(3)Your education will equip you for your future life.12.count vi.认为consider，算作；重要be important vt.数数；包括include来源 count.in 把包括在内,count.out 不括 count on/upon depend/rely on/upon依赖，依靠 count sb./sth.as/to be.认为某人/物 count up add up把加起来 I count him as my closest friend.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友。If you are going out tonight youll have to count me out.假如你们今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。EveryEvery pointpoint inin thisthis gamegame counts.counts.这场比赛每一分都很重要。这场比赛每一分都很重要。夯实基础 用适当的介、副词填空(1)Im counting on you to help me.(2)That was the likeliest outcome and，on balance，it would count as a success.(3)Will you please count up these figures for me?13concentrate vt.&vi.集中注意力、思想等；全神贯注 (sth)(on sth/on doing sth)集中注意力于，专注于:ones mind/attention/thoughts/efforts on:focus/fix ones attention on sth put ones heart into sth put/set/turn ones mind to sth|set ones mind on sth 集中精力做；下决心做 be absorbed in/be lost in 专心于 I cant concentrate on my studies with that noise going on.有噪音我不能集中精力学习。We must concentrate our attention on improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。夯实基础 用适当的介词填空(1)It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.(2)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.(3)She is absorbed in music.10 14.loss n.丧失，丢失，损失；亏损 at a loss 不知所措，困惑,lose v.丢失；损失，丧失 lose face 丢脸 lose weight 减肥 lost adj.丢失的，丧失的；迷失的 be lost in 陷入 He was at a loss what to do.他对做什么不知所措。He is afraid of making mistakes and losing face in public.他害怕出错在公众面前丢脸。夯实基础 用 lose 的适当形式填空(1)However hard you try，it is difficult to_lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2)Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to_be_losing the art of communicating face-to-face.(3)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.(4)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.单项填空 1The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to_ its reality.Amake up Bfigure out Clook through Dput off 答案B 解析句意为：现在的情形太复杂了，所以我要花点时间弄清楚真实情况。make up 组成，弥补；look through 看穿，浏览；put off 推迟；figure out 想出来，弄清楚，B 项符合题意。2He was_ of having asked such a silly question.Asorry Bguilty Cashamed Dmiserable 答案C 解析句意为：问了这么一个傻的问题，他感到很害羞。be ashamed of doing sth.羞于做了某事，符合题意。sorry 后常接 for 和 about；guilty 后常接 about，表示“有罪的”；11 miserable 后接介词 from 或 with，意为“痛苦的”。3 Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but_ slightly in the afternoon.Arecovered Brestored Cregained Dretained 答案A 解析recover 恢复，复苏。句意为：股市的股价上午暴跌，下午又略有回升。restore 和regain 都表示“恢复”，但都是及物动词；retain 保留，保持。4Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to know what it_.Acollected Bcontained Cloaded Dsaved 答案B 解析句意为：小约翰摸了一下袋子，想知道里面装着什么东西。collect 收集；contain含有，装有；load 装载；save 节省。由句意知选 B 项。5He prefers_ indoors_ out this afternoon.Ato stay；to go Bstaying；to going Cstaying；to go Dto stay；to going 答案B 解析考查固定结构 prefer doing to doing.。6It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.Oh，today we are still_ from heavy school work，_ at preparing us for the entrance examination.Asuffering；aimed Bsuffered；aimed Csuffered；aiming Dsuffering；aiming 答案D 解析sb.be suffering from sth.某人正遭受；aiming at.为现在分词短语作伴随状语，意为“打算，目的在于”。7Your education will_ you to earn a good living.Work hard from now on.Aassociate Bequip Crelate Dfeed 答案B 解析句意为：你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活。从现在开始努力学习吧。associate使联合(系)；relate 适应，使相互关联；feed 喂养。equip 使有能力，符合语境。8Youre late but youre here and thats what_.12 Aexpects Bcounts Chopes Drequired 答案B 解析句意为：你迟到了，但你毕竟来了，这才是最重要的。count 重要，符合题意。如用 A、C、D 项，则用被动语态。9If you dont understand everything the tape says，just_ on the words you can understand.Afix Bput Cwork Dconcentrate 答案D 解析由句意“仅仅集中精力听你能听明白的单词”可知，应选 D 项。fix 为及物动词，后应接宾语。10After the collision，he examined the considerable_ to his car.Aruin Bdestruction Cdamage Dinjury 答案C 解析句意为：撞车后，他检查了车子受的严重损害。四个选项都有“破坏”之意。ruin指“毁灭，崩溃；毁坏”，程度很深；destruction 摧毁，毁灭；damage 指“使质量受损害，破坏”，意味着损坏后质量或价值降低；injury 主要指“对人、动物躯体的部分伤害”，也可指“对名声、感情的伤害”。.汉译英 1在我的细心照料下，母亲很快就康复了。(recover)(2013北京书面表达)With_my_special_care，my_mother_recovered_quickly.2我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。(suffer)(2013江苏书面表达)Our_earth_is_suffering_severe_damage.3林肯被认为是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。(figure)(2012浙江书面表达)Lincoln_is_regarded_as_one_of_the_most_inspiring_figures_in_the_world.4毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评。(prefer to do.rather than do.)(2010广东读写任务)After_all，all_kids_prefer_to_be_praised_rather_than_be_scolded.1.work out 锻炼；理解，弄懂understand；计算calculate；详细拟定；解决问题solve；结果是 13 work on 从事；继续 work at 从事，致力于 work as 充当，作为而工作 at/out of work 在工作/失业 We had wanted to finish our task by noon，but it didnt work out as planned.我们本想中午前完成任务，但结果并没像计划的那样。She is working on a new book.她正在忙着写一本新书。词义辨析work on，work at(1)work on 意为“从事某项工作”，其后的名词是表示具体的人或事，即指说服某人或完善、完成某事，另外，work on 还有“继续工作”之意。(2)work at 意为“学习，研究，致力于”，其后的宾语常是 problem，physics 等。夯实基础 用 work on，work at 填空(1)After a short rest，they worked_on.(2)If you work hard at English，youll make progress soon.(3)He hasnt decided yet.Im still working_on him.2.get into shape 强身健体 in the shape of 以形状 in good shape 身体状况好 out of shape 身体不佳；变形的 take shape 成形 Shes in good shape after months of training.她经过几个月训练身体好了。夯实基础 完成句子(1)Tim is in_good_shape(身体状况好)physically even though he doesn t get much exercise.(2)We came out into a room in_the_shape_of(以的形状)a star.(3)I get tired easily.I must be out_of_shape(身体不佳).单项填空 1 To deal with the global financial crisis，China has_ a string of forceful measures over the past months.14 Aworked out Bfound out Cturned out Dmade out 答案A 解析句意为：为了应对全球经济危机，在过去的几个月里，中国已制定出一系列强有力的措施。work out 制定出，符合句意。2The old man，the hair of whom has_，made great contributions to the development of the local economy in the 1970s.Afallen over Bfallen out Cgone out Dpicked out 答案B 解析句意为：这位老人，他的头发已脱落，对 20 世纪 70 年代当地的经济发展做出了重大贡献。fall out(头发等)脱落；fall over 跌倒；go out 熄灭；pick out 拣出。3Mr.Bell pretended to be very poor._，he was a millionaire.AAnyway BAnyhow CAs a matter of fact DAlthough 答案C 解析句意为：贝尔先生假装很穷，事实上，他是一个百万富翁。as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，符合句意。.汉译英 我长期慢跑锻炼身体。(get into shape)Ive_been_jogging_a_lot_to_get_myself_into_shape.1.I think you look great as you are，and you re a wonderful person.我觉得你目前这个样子看上去就很棒，而且你是一个非常优秀的人。句型公式：as引导方式状语从句 as 引导的从句类型：1引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。2引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候；一边一边；随着”。3引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。4引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。5引导定语从句，意为“正如”。15 If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did，the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin.如果所有到仙女湖的游客都像这对夫妇那样做，那么湖会被严重污染，而且很快就会变成一个大垃圾箱。(2012