（2020-2022）三年全国中考英语真题和模拟题精选分项训练专题12 阅读理解议论文.docx

专题12 阅读理解议论文 -三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题和模拟题精选分类训练（全国通用）考点分析考查点：1.考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的综合评估能力等。2.考查微技能：细节理解、推理判断、词(组)义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳、数字计算、写作意图等。解题策略议论文体裁特点：议论文是对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。解题技能：议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。论证方法多种多样，常见的有:1.归纳法，从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论；2.演绎法，从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论；3.比较对照法，对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论；4.驳论法，先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。2.主旨大意：主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，推敲作者的态度一般不出现绝对概念。4. 词义猜测: 词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等猜测词义。2022年 (一) （2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项。There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before. Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.So does this mean that technology makes us lonely?In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.Its true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health. For me, technology is a tool. And just like any other kind of tool like scissors, a pencil or a ruler, for example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media (社交媒体) as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely. But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a reliable (可靠的) friend and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.1According to the writer, technology is _ .Aa toolBan influenceCa pair of scissorsDa way of communication2Whats the meaning of the underlined word “impact” in Paqugraph 4?A帮助B促进C影响D进入3According to the passage, if people use technology too much, people may _ .Asleep lessBlive longerCfeel lonelyDget more jobs4When we use technology to_ others, we can find love and friendship.Aargue withBcompete withCconnect withDcompare with5Whats the main idea of the passage?ASocial media is important to us.BTechnology can be good and bad to us.CPeople need to communicate with each other.DComputers and the Internet help us with our work.(二)（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）On August 30, 2021, the Chinese government announced that kids would not be allowed to play online games Mondays to Thursdays. On weekends and holidays, kids would be limited(限制) to an hour a day of online gaming. “Recently, many parents have reported that playing games crazily among some youths and children is seriously harming their normal study, life and health.” the Chinese government said online. This news got us thinking. Should the government be responsible for limiting how much time kids spend online? Here are some studentsopinions.Esme McNeely, 11The government should not set screen-time limits. That decision should be up to parents. Some children need to use screens for homework. And during the COVID-19, one of the only ways to talk to friends was online. Government limits would not be fair to people who are careful with their screen time.Lucas Barone, 11The government should not limit screen time. A 2021 study from the University of Colorado Boulder says screen time might be less harmful to kids than people think. Some parents worry that children online too much wont make friends. But the study reports that screen time can actually improve kidsfriendships. In fact, screen time can be educational. I use websites to read and to learn math.Xiuhan Zhu, 9I think the government should take action and limit screen time for kids. Too much screen time can lead to tiredness and less social time. People who use smartphones are more likely to get into car accidents. Electrical products like computers can also be harmful for kids. If kids arent careful with the websites they use, criminals can get important information.Ning Li, 10Most people spend too much time on their phones and TVs. They hurt their eyes and waste their time. And watching a lot of TV or playing games can influence kids learning and social skills. If the government limited screen time, people would be encouraged to spend more time with their family. They might join a sports team in their neighborhood.6When are kids allowed to play online games for an hour a day?AOn Mondays.BOn Wednesday.COn weekends.7Who is against screen-time limits?AEsme McNeely.BXiuhan Zhu.CNing Li.8What does the study from he University of Colorado Boulder show?AScreen time might do no harm to kids.BScreen time can improve kids friendships.CScreen time wont help kids make friends.9What are Ning Lis opinions about screen-time limits?AToo much screen time can lead to tiredness.BCriminals can get important information easily.CPeople are encouraged to spend more time with their family.10What is the article mainly about?AScreen time can be educational.BScreen time can lead to less social time.CWhether the government should set screen-time limits.(三)（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）In my opinion, Chinas “Double Reduction” Policy（“双减”政策）aimed at easing（减轻）education-related pressure on parents and children is effective. Now take my home as an example to show how it works. “Dad! Get up! You promised to take us to the zoo today!” my two daughters shouted together one recent Saturday morning. The clock had just struck seven, but our house had already gotten noisier than the monkeys in the zoo!For families with children, weekends have become very different. In the past, my wife and I could at least sleep in（睡懒觉）. Then at 9 oclock, we had to wake up the kids. After throwing them into a tutoring class（辅导班）, we could enjoy several hours to ourselves. But now, these classes are gone altogether. Kids, of course, are happy about this. Every Tuesday or Wednesday evening, my girls would ask me, “Where are we going to spend this coming Saturday?”Luckily, there are still some classes for them to attend. On Sundays, my girls go to learn ballet and chess. They really enjoy their time there. My elder daughter is old enough to read quietly on her own. On lucky days, we can get her to read together with her sister. Still, a quiet “competition” is on. My girls sometimes talk about how their classmates have spent an exciting weekend. Its their way of complaining about my laziness. Weekends are more tiring now for parents, but I think they are good for kids. After all, childhood should be more than just studying school subjects. It should be more colorful.11What is the aim of the “Double Reduction” Policy?ATo ease education-related pressure on parents and children.BTo make parents stay with their children at weekends.CTo make parents have more time for themselves at weekends.DTo make children and their parents have a good time at weekends.12What did the writer do with his children one recent Saturday morning?AThey travelled to the countryside.BThey went camping.CThey went to the zoo.DThey went to a tutoring class.13When the tutoring classes are gone altogether, children are_.AtiredBsadChappyDsurprised14Which of the following is NOT true?AThe writers elder daughter is old enough to read quietly by herself.BThe “Double Reduction” Policy is effective.CThe writers children learn ballet and chess on Sundays now.DWeekends are more relaxing for parents because of the “Double Reduction” Policy.15What might be the writers attitude（态度）toward the Policy?ASupportive.BDisapproving.CDoubtful.DUnsure.(四)（2022·四川广安·中考真题）You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”? Recently, a British survey（调查）shows that there are many electronic products in teenagers bedrooms. They are influencing teenagers sleep badly.The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that 50% of them got just 4 to 7 hours sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.Almost 25% of the kids said they often fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.“This is very worrying,” said Dr. Chris, a British professor（教授）. “We call it junk sleep. It means you dont get enough sleep and the quality（质量）of the sleep is low, too. If you dont get a good rest, you wont do well in school the next day.”The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day because of the junk sleep, especially girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, MP5 or TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them even have all the three.Dr. Chris suggested that parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products.16What does this passage mainly talk about?AJunk food.BJunk sleep.CElectronic products.DThe importance of sleep.17How many of the children sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day in the survey?A200.B250.C500.D1000.18“Junk food” and “junk sleep” are similar to each other because _.Athey are both low in qualityBthey are both needed in our lifeCthey are both enjoyed at weekendsDthey are both necessary for peoples health19Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ATeenagers of 12 to 16 only need 4 to 7 hours sleep each day.BFew of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms.CTeenagers spend too much time on electronic products.DGirls between 13 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products.20Which of the following should be the best way to solve the problem?AParents must take the electronic products away from their children.BParents stop the teenagers from using any electronic product.CTeenagers should decide not to use the electronic products.DTeenagers should spend less time on the electronic products.(五)（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）They say once you learn how to ride a bike, you never forget. Most of us learnt when we were kids, and many still shoot off for a ride around the streets. In recent times, cycling has seen a rise in popularity, so the question is: what makes it so popular to people to ride their bikes once again? First, lets look at the good for health. Cycling can improve your health and burn extra body fat. Exercising your legs helps to increase your strength. And cyclings good isnt just physical, but mental(精神的) as well. A long ride in the countryside could help you to clear your mind, or lower your worry. But its not only about your body and mind, there are also some good sides for your wallets(钱包) health.Cycling can be a great way to go to work or go around town. By cycling, you save money instead of driving a car or taking a bus. If you drive to work, sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a very difficult thing. However, finding somewhere to lock your bike can be much simpler. Then, on the bus, there are changes at stations and other passengers speaking loudly on their phones to deal with. Cyclists face neither of these problems. And if youre worried about safety, there are special cycle ways in many big cities. Wearing high-visibility(高能见度) clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads.Finally, cycling can also be good for the environment. It can help you to reduce your carbon footprint(碳足迹). Not giving gases out into the air is better for the planet and your own environment.So, whether people want to cycle for their health, going around town, their wallet, the environment, or a combination(结合) of all of them, the popularity of cycling is on the rise.21What is the purpose of the first paragraph?ATo explain a reason.BTo raise a question.CTo give an example.22What is the meaning of “wallet's health” in Paragraph 2?ACycling saves money.BCycling wastes money.CCycling keeps your wallet safe.23Why is cycling good for the environment?AIt burns extra body fat.BIt is easy to lock a bicycle.CIt helps reduce carbon footprint.24What is the passage mainly about?ACycling for physical health.BCycling for safety on the road.CThe growing popularity of cycling.(六)（2022·北京·中考真题）A Pathway (路径) to Meaning in LifeWhen it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals, believing that ones life matters, and feeling that ones life fits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for lifes beauty.We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for lifes beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness.