高考英语语法：名词性从句讲解及名词性wh-从句讲义.docx

高中英语语法：名词性从句讲解及名词性wh-从句概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that、whether、if不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which.连接副词：when、where、how、why不可省略的连词1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有“or not”Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.主语从句和宾语从句1.什么是名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Nominal Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。2.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导：1)由what、Whatever、Whoever等代词引导的主语从句： what表示“所的(东西)”， 在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句； whatever表示“所的一切”； whoever表示“一切的人”。例如：What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad。Whatever was said here must be kept secret。Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder。2)由连词that引起的主语从句： 这类主语从句在大多数情况下都放到句子后部去， 而用代词it做形式上的主语，在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉：例如：That we need more equipment is quite obvious。It doesnt seem likely that she will be here。Its a pity you missed such a fine talk。3)由连接代词或连接副词how，when，where，why(或whether)引起的主语从句： 这类主语从句， 也可以放到句子后部去， 前面用it做形式上的主语。例如：When we shall have our sports meet is still a question。It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet。3.宾语从句名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1)用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：例如：if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether;We didn't know whether or not she was ready。(此时只能用whether)I wonder whether/if the news is true or not。(此时则二者都可以用)后接动词不定式时，用whether;Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？2) 用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍， 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。3)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I just cant imagine how he could have done such a thing。Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。名词性wh-从句 名词性wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。名词性从句的考查特点1. 考查名词性从句的语序Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (上海卷)< _.>A. who is he            B. who he is           C. who is it           D. who it is解析：本句中用 it 指代“来访者”，只有选项 D 为陈述语序，且符合语境。故最佳答案为 D。2. 考查名词性从句中的时态I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _? (湖南卷)A. was leaving          B. had left              C. has left         D. left解析：第 1 句中的 has gone 表示 Jane 已去度假，“离开”是一个过去的动作，宾语从句中要用一般过去时态。故最佳答案为 D。3. 考查名词性从句中连接代词、连接副词的选择After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (上海卷)A. where                  B. what                  C. that                 D. how解析：因主语从句 our astronauts desire to do 中缺少 do 的宾语，空白处应补充连接代词 what。故最佳答案为 B。You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (河南卷)A. why                    B. where                C. what            D. how解析：disagree 为不及物动词，因此表语从句中只能用补充作状语的连接副词，选 where，意为“这就是我与你有分歧的地方”。故最佳答案为 B。4. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语和形式宾语Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. (上海卷)A. take this for granted                   B. take as granted C. take that for granted                   D. take it for granted解析：句型 take it for granted that 意为“认为是理所当然的”，it是形式宾语，代替后面的 that 宾语从句。故最佳答案为 D。学科网（北京）股份有限公司