高考英语语法之从句讲义：定语从句精讲.docx

高考英语语法之从句讲义：定语从句精讲充当定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词(the antecedent).定语从句由关系代词: who, whom, which, 关系形容词whose 和关系副词when, where, why引导，关系词除了起连接从句和名词的作用外，还作从句的句子成分。1.限制性定语从句Who的先行词是人，作定语从句的主语：This is the man who will give us a talk tomorrow.Whom的先行词是人，作定语从句的宾语：This is the man whom I talked about the other day.Which 的先行词是物，作从句的主语和宾语Here is a book which may be helpful in you English study.This is the book which I like best.上述例句都可改用that.Whose是个关系形容词，在从句中作定语。A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.When, where, why 分别作从句的时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。He will never forget the day when the accident took place.This was the room where we studied.Do you know the reason why he was late?2.非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词（许多是专有名词），也可以是整个主句，它对先行词不加限定，只起附加说明作用，如果没有，也不影响句意和语法结构。非限定性定语从句和先行词书写时有逗号断开。Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. She was late again, which was annoying.区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句很重要。He has a sister, who is an artist. 他有个妹妹，是个艺术家。（只有一个）He has a sister who is an artist. 他有个当艺术家的妹妹。（还有别的）在suchas, the sameas的固定搭配中，such作定语，修饰后面的名词，as是个关系代词，代前面的名词，引出定语从句，并担任从句中的句子成分。We will give you such data as will help you in your work. I would like to use the same instrument as was used yesterday.as也可以用作关系副词，代替前面的状语，并作从句的状语。He answered with the same simplicity as she asked.在as many as的固定搭配中，第一个as是副词，修饰 many，第二个as是关系代词，引导定语从句，并作从句的主语或宾语。There are as many books as are needed. 所需要的书都有了.He has as many books as I have. 他的书和我的一样多。As everyone knows, all that glisters is not gold. 上句中as everyone knows 在意义上是个状语，但在句子结构上却是个非限定性定语从句。As是关系代词，指代整个主句，引导定语从句，并作knows的宾语。As is often the case, we have over fulfilled the production plan. 和往常一样，我们又超额完成了生产计划。（as作从句的主语）非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。 用that的场合1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物时He talked about the men and the   books that attracted him.2) 先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no 修饰These are the very points that interest me.(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰The first step that we are to take is very difficult.(4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much,及everything, anything, nothingThere is still much that can be done about it(5) 先行词是whoWho that have seen him does not like him?不用that的场合1）非限制性定语从句中    Last night , I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前  This is the man from whom I learnt the  news.3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that   I have found that which I was looking for.“介词关系代词”用法(1) 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands (shake hands with是习惯性搭配(2) 介词和先行词的搭配He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. (through which 即through the telescope)(3) 当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。This is the watch which you're looking for特殊情况(1) Situation后常用where, in which引导定语从句Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?(2) way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略Do you know the way (in which /that /how) he worked out the problem?(3) “the same名词”，“such名词”，“as名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。I have the same dictionary as you (have).Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.学科网（北京）股份有限公司