高考英语一轮复习外刊语法填空Vaping and health讲义.docx

外刊语法填空含全文翻译和重难点句型讲解Vaping and healthThe possible unintended consequences of anti-vaping policiesE-cigarettes, also known as vapes and by brand names such as Juul, are battery-operated devices 1._(that) allow users to inhale nicotine without lighting a cigarette. They were introduced to America in 2006. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), more than 2m high-school pupils (about 14%) reported using e-cigarettes in 2022. The FDA and others are trying to work out 2._(how) to regulate them. The result may be a textbook example of unintended consequences.Though e-cigarettes are much 3._(less harmful) than traditional cigarettes, their effect on health can still be serious. Vaping has been associated with a higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. E-cigarette exposure may be particularly harmful for young adultsthere are fears 4._(that) it can harm brain development and trigger a lifelong addiction to nicotine. Thirty states tax e-cigarettes and all states ban sales to minors.One way to cut e-cigarette consumption is by imposing a tax. A study by the Centre for Health Economics & Policy Studies at San Diego State University found that a $1 increase in e-cigarette taxes is 5._(associated) with a 14-26% decrease in vaping among high-school pupils. Unexpectedly, the tax increase seems also to temper teenage alcohol consumption. One 6._(in) ten teenagers reported binge drinking (four or more drinks for women, or five or more drinks for men, within a few hours at least once in the previous month). According to the study, a $1 increase in e-cigarette taxes is associated with a 10-11% reduction in teenage binge drinking.A good e-cigarette policy would discourage young adults while encouraging cigarette smokers to use them for quitting. Requiring a prescription for e-cigarettes could help. The NHS announced in October 2021 that it may do just that. 7._(But) Catherine Maclean, one of the San Francisco studys authors, warns that this 8._(could) also have unintended consequences in America. Requiring a prescription could push e-cigarette users and young adults towards regular cigarettes or illicit vaping products.Limiting e-cigarettes could also spur drug use. Raising the drinking age in the 1980s slightly increased marijuana smoking 9. _(among) young people. Raising the price of vaping could do the same, especially in states that have legalised the drug.Ms Maclean recommends stacking taxes so that the more harmful products are taxed at a higher rate 10._(than) their less harmful substitutes. Young people tend to be cash-strapped, so even a small tax increase could deter use. Tighter regulation is also a possible answerBritain and the European Union regulate the amount of nicotine in e-cigarettes. “Policymakers need to think beyond a targeted outcome and think more broadly,” says Ms Maclean.Answer: 1.that 2.how 3.less harmful 4.that 5.associated 6.in 7.But 8.could 9.among 10.than一、 短语1. 原文：The FDA and others are trying to work out how to regulate them.词典：work out 找到 (解决办法等)例句：Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise. 谈判者们预定在今天晚些时候会面以找到一个折中的办法。2. 原文：Vaping has been associated with a higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.词典：be associated with与有关例句：Many requirements might be associated with each such review activity. 很多需求都可能与类似于这样的评审行为相关联。3. 原文：Smoking and drinking tend to go together.词典：tend to往往会；常常就例句：Women tend to live longer than men. 女人往往比男人长寿。4. 原文：Smoking and drinking tend to go together.词典：go together 并存例句：Disease and poverty often go together. 疾病与贫穷常常相伴而生。5. 原文：It works in reverse, too.词典：in reverse a相反，向相反方向例句：Amis tells the story in reverse, from the moment the man dies. 埃米斯以倒叙方式讲这个故事，从那个男人死去的那一刻开始。二、 长难句【原文】A review of 78 studies mostly from America, Britain and Italy found that people are more likely to stop smoking for at least six months when using nicotine e-cigarettes compared with other methods. 【译文】对主要来自美国、英国和意大利的78项研究回顾发现，与其他方法相比，使用尼古丁电子烟的人更有可能戒烟至少六个月。【分析】本句的主句是“A review of 78 studies found that.”，是主谓宾结构，宾语是that引导的宾语从句。“mostly from America, Britain and Italy ”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰studies 。在宾语从句中，主干是“people are more likely to stop smoking for at least six months ”，“when using nicotine e-cigarettes compared with other methods”为时间状语从句。【原文】But Catherine Maclean, one of the San Francisco studys authors, warns that this could also have unintended consequences in America. 【译文】但是旧金山研究的作者之一凯瑟琳·麦克莱恩（Catherine Maclean）警告说，这也可能在美国产生意想不到的后果。【分析】本句的主句是“Catherine Maclean warns that.”，这是主谓宾结构，宾语是that引导的宾语从句。“one of the San Francisco studys authors”为同位语，对Catherine Maclean的身份做出补充说明。三、 写作点睛【原文】A review of 78 studies mostly from America, Britain and Italy found that people are more likely to stop smoking for at least six months when using nicotine e-cigarettes compared with other methods. More from Wechat Subscription：Richie英语教书匠【译文】对主要来自美国、英国和意大利的78项研究回顾发现，与其他方法相比，使用尼古丁电子烟的人更有可能戒烟至少六个月。【表达】在本句中，作者在表达比较时使用了compared with这一词组，意思是“和.比起来; 与.相比较”。在compared with中，主语和compare这个词是被动关系。例如，My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's. 与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。His fee is a drop in the ocean compared with the real cost of broadcasting. 他的费用与广播的实际成本相比是沧海一粟。四、 背景知识E- cigarettes：一直以来，商家都以电子烟不含焦油、悬浮微粒等有害成分为卖点大肆推广，甚至在产品介绍中，打着“戒烟神器”“清肺”等旗号。殊不知，电子烟的安全性尚未得到充分的科学论证。迄今为止，国内外均没有系统的电子烟安全性评估资料，因此，还不能确定电子烟会给使用者的健康带来哪些潜在风险。实验表明，人们在使用电子烟时，除尼古丁以外，还可能把其他多种未发现的有毒化合物吸入体内。与此同时，电子烟所产生的二手烟，同样可能危及健康。电子烟也会向室内释放可吸入的液体细颗粒物和超细颗粒物、尼古丁和致癌物质。由于电子烟不会产生烟雾，所以就更容易误导消费者，使其产生安全、健康的错误认知。部分电子烟尼古丁含量超高，危害可能大大高于普通香烟。而且，有足够充分的证据可以说明，胎儿和青少年接触尼古丁，会对大脑发育产生远期不良后果。五、 段落大意 美国食品和药物管理局和其他机构正试图找出方法监管电子烟。 虽然电子烟比传统香烟危害小得多，但它们对健康的影响仍然很严重。 减少电子烟消费的一个方法是征税。 一个好的电子烟政策会在鼓励吸烟者戒烟的同时阻止年轻人吸烟。 限制电子烟也可能会刺激吸毒。 麦克莱恩女士建议对税收进行叠加。5学科网（北京）股份有限公司