高考英语语法知识:易错动词用法归纳14讲义.docx
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高考英语语法知识:易错动词用法归纳14讲义.docx
高中英语语法知识:易错动词用法归纳14introduce表示“介绍”时的用法 1. introduce表示“介绍”时的意思是to tell two or more people who have not met before what each others names are(告诉两个或多个原来未曾见面的人他们彼此的名字),或者是to tell the audience the name of the person who is going to speak or perform(告诉观众讲演者或演员的名字),也就是说,introduce表示“介绍”时,主要用于介绍两个不认识的互相认识,或是向听众或观众宣布并介绍演讲者或广播、节目等的细节。如:Allow me to introduce my wife. 让我介绍一下,这是我太太。It is my pleasure to introduce tonights speaker. 我很荣幸来介绍今晚的演讲者。2. 有时汉语中说“介绍”,其实是指“推荐”,此时应用recommend,而不能用introduce。如:Can you recommend me a good novel? 你给我介绍一本好的小说行吗?Jamie sought out all inexpensive boarding-house recommended to him by a sailor aboard ship. 杰米找到了一个便宜的供膳宿舍,那是船上一名水手向他介绍的。3. 经常听到有的人在表示“介绍情况”“介绍某学校”“介绍某国家”“介绍某机构”等场合使用introduce,其实也是对introduce的误用。如:班上的同学互相介绍自己的国家。误:The students in the class introduced their own countries to each other.正:The students in the class told each other about their own countries.现在我们的美国朋友要向大家介绍她自己的研究情况。误:Our friend from America will now introduce her research to us.正:Our friend from America will now tell us about her research.莎士比亚的戏剧向我们介绍了当时生活的许多情况。误:Shakespeares plays introduce to us a lot about contemporary life.正:Shakespeares plays tell us a lot about contemporary life.会计向营业部的职员介绍了自己的工作情况。误:The accountant introduced his work to the sales staff.正:The accountant described his work to the sales staff.在今天晚上的节目中我们重点介绍德国。误:In tonights programme our focus is to introduce Germany.正:In tonights programme our focus is on Germany.4. 其后习惯上不带双宾语,要表示把某人介绍给另一人,可用introduceto这样的结构。如:让我把我的朋友介绍给你。正:Let me introduce my friend to you.误:Let me introduce you my friend.汉语中说“作自我介绍”,英语用 introduce oneself。如:Permit me to introduce myself. 请允许我介绍自己。 关于be fortunate to do sth结构的说明 若其中的动词be为现在式(am, is, are),则其后不定式通常只能是静态动词,不能是动态动词。如:They are fortunate to be able to buy such a large a house. 他们真幸运,能买那样大的房子。但不能说:They are fortunate to buy such a large house.若要在am is, are fortunate后接动态动词,则要用完成式或进行式。如:They are fortunate to have bought such a large house. 他们很幸运,买了那样大的房子。You are fortunate to be working in London. 你真是幸运,能在伦敦工作。若其中的动词be为过去式(was, were),则其后不定式便没有以上限制。如:He was extremely fortunate to escape without injury. 他能安然无恙地逃脱,真是太幸运了。He was fortunate to have had the chance of doing so. 他很幸运有机会这样做。be fortunate后接不定式与接从句意思稍有不同:It is fortunate that的意思是“是件好事”,而“主语+be+fortunate to do sth”则强调主语的好运气。如:Its fortunate for us that he has a rich uncle 他有一位有钱的叔叔是我们的运气。(如可以替我们借钱)Hes fortunate to have a rich uncle. 他真幸运有一位有钱的叔叔。(许多人没有)forbid用法小议 1. 一般不用于祈使句,如:误:Forbid her to go out.正:Tell her not to go out. 叫她出去。2. 其后可接双宾语,意为“禁止或不准某人(使用或进入)”。如:His wife forbids him wine. 他老婆不准他喝酒。He forbade his children sweets because he didnt want their teeth to be ruined. 他不准孩子们吃糖,因为他不想他们的牙齿受损坏。比较同义句型:He forbade me his car.=He forbade me the use of his car.=He forbade me to use his car. 他不准我用他的小车。3. 后接动词作宾语时,该动词要用动名词,不用不定式。如:He forbids smoking during office hours. 他不允许在上班时间抽烟。动名词前有时可以有自己的逻辑主语。如:I cant forbid your seeing that man again. 我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。注意,其后虽然不直接跟不定式,但可跟不定式的复合结构。如:I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。表示“禁止某人做某事”,按传统语法,英语通常用 prevent (stop, keep, prohibit) sb from doing sth,而不用 forbid,但在现代英语中也可以这样用。如:He forbade them from mentioning the subject again. come与go的用法与搭配 1. come 和 go 是一对反义词,come(来)所表示的方向是朝向说话者的位置,而go(去)所表示的方向是离开说话者的位置。如:come here(来这儿),come to school(来上学),go there(去那儿),go to school(去上学)。2. 两者之后均可用 and 来代替一个表目的的不定式。如:Come and have a drink. 来喝一杯。He went and bought some envelopes. 他去买了些信封。3. come 之后可接不定式,表示经过某一过程而发生某一情况,常译为“开始”“渐渐地”“终于”,但是动词go不能这样用。如:How did you come to know her? 你是怎么认识她的?Youll come to understand your parents someday. 你总有一天会理解你的父母。4. come 和 go 之后均可接现在分词,但有区别:(1) come+现在分词,主要用来说明“来”的方式。如:He came running to welcome us. 他跑过来欢迎我们。The children came running to meet us. 孩子们跑着来迎接我们。A large stone came flying through the window. 从窗外扔进来一块大石头。另外,该结构还可用来谈论体育和娱乐活动,与go doing sth用法相似,只是“方向”不同。如:Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗?Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。Why dont you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗?(2) go+现在分词,表示“去做”,这类词组大多与体育、娱乐、日常生活等有关。如:We often go swimming together. 我们常一道去游泳。Lets go boating this afternoon. 今天下午我们去划船吧。He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午饭而后去买东西。另外,该结构有时还可表示警告,用于建议做某事不好的事,此时多用于否定句。如:Dont go saying that! 不要这样讲话!Dont go looking for trouble, Maria. 不要去找麻烦了,玛丽亚。You shouldnt go boasting about your achievements. 你不应当夸耀你的成就。5. come 和 go 都可用作连系动词,表示事物状态的变化。如:The handle has come loose. 这个把柄松了。The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应挨饿。两者之后所接形容词通常各有其特点,有时还可从好坏方面去区别:即 come 用于“好”的变化,go 用于“坏”的变化。如:Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大热天鱼很容易坏。另外,表示人的生理变化通常用 go,如go blind(变瞎),go deaf(变聋),go grey(两鬓渐白)等,但是go通常不与 old, ill, tired 等连用。6. come 有时可以表示参加到对方的活动之中去(即使这种运动方向本身要求用 go)。如:A:Will you come to see me tonight? 今晚来看我好吗?B:Yes, Ill come. 好,我来。A:Please come at once. Dinner is ready. 晚餐准备好了,请快来。B:OK, Im coming. 好,我就来。(若用 Oh, Im going. 对方可能会理解为“噢,我要出去”。)一般说来,在这种情况有以下3点需注意:(1) 表示到听话人(包括收信人)那儿去,通常用 come。如:Ill come to see you one of these days. 过几天我来看你。(2) 邀请对方一起去某地,可用 come 或 go。一般说来,用 come含有一种自己决定要去的意味,而用 go 则含有一种请求和商量的意味。如:Would you like to come go with us? 你和我们一起去好吗?(3) 表示“我同你一起去”这样的意义时,可用 come 或 go。如:I will come go with you. 我和你一起去。continue的用法与搭配 1. 表示继续做某事,其后既可接动名词也可接不定式,且意义相同。如:They continued to meet meeting daily. 他们继续每天都见面。He continued to write writing while in hospital. 他住院时他继续写作。2. 表示继续维持某一情况时,其后可直接跟名词作宾语,也可先接介词with 再接宾语。如:We will continue (with) the payments for another year. 我们这样的报酬还要维持1年。3. 按传统语法,表示中断以后再继续,其后通常只能是story, speech, journey, strike 这样的名词,而不能接不定式或动名词,但现代英语已打破此规则。如:We continued working to work after the break. 休息后我们继续工作。4. 由于可用于及物或不及物动词,所以有时用主动语态和被动语态意思差不多。如:The story continues is continued in the next issue of the magazine. 这个故事在该杂志的下一期里继续刊载。5. 比较 continue doing sth 与 continue by doing sth:前者表示“继续做某事”,后者表示“接着做某事”。如:He continued reading (=to read) all night. 他通宵在看书。He talked about Keats, and continued by reading us a poem. 他谈了济慈,接着给我们朗诵了一首诗。6. continued on page 15与continued from page 15 所用介词不同,意思也不同:前者指“下续第15页”,后者指“上接第15页”。7. 可用作连系动词,其后可接形容词、介词短语等。如:We hope the weather will continue fine. 我们希望天气继续很好。Mother continues in weak health. 母亲身体仍然很虚弱。congratulate的宾语有何特点 1. 其宾语通常是人,不是事;要表示因某事而祝贺某人,可用congratulate sb on upon sth。如:我祝贺他取得成功。正:I congratulate him on his success.误:I congratulate his success.2. 其后习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即不说congratulate sb to do sth,可改为congratulate sb on doing sth。He congratulated us on getting married. 他祝贺我们结婚大喜。3. 有时接反身代词作宾语。如:You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job. 你的工作干得出色,你应该感到自豪。compare用法与搭配 1. 表示“把与比较”,通常用 compare.with.,但在现代英语中,也可用compare. to.,或者用 compare.and.。如:If you compare his work with and hers, youll find hers is much better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下,就会发现她的好得多。Having compared the new dictionary with to, and the old one, he found the new one more helpful. 将新旧词典比较之后,他发现新词典更有用。2. 表示“把比作”,通常用 compare.to.,一般不用 compare.with.。如:Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。The poet compares the woman he loves to a rose. 诗人把他所爱的女人比作玫瑰。3. 在 compared to with(与相比)这一习语中,用 to 或 with 已没什么区别。如:Compared with to him, Im just a beginner. 和他相比,我只是一个初学者。Compared to with many women, she was very fortunate. 和许多女人相比,她算是很幸运的了。4. 用作不及物动词时,compare 后习惯上只接 with,多与情态动词 can 连用,表示“比得上”“能与比美”,但一般用于否定句或疑问句中。如:Nothing can compare with wool for warmth. 没有比羊毛更暖和的东西了。Life in a town cant compare with life in the country. 乡村的生活比城镇的生活好得多。学科网(北京)股份有限公司