初中英语语法精讲：常考副词用法归纳11.docx

初中英语语法精讲：常考副词用法归纳11副词的分类 根据副词在句子中所起的作用，我们可以把副词分为：1. 时间副词，如：ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday等；此外，还有表示频度的副词，如：always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually等。2. 地点副词，如：above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs等。3. 疑问副词，如：how, when, where, why 等。4. 方式副词，如：angrily, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurriedly, loud, loudly, quickly, quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。5. 程度副词，如：a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, rather, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。6. 关系副词，如：when, where, why 等。7. 连接副词，如：if, how, however, nor, so, therefore, too, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why 等。8. 句子副词，如：fortunately, frankly, generally, luckily, maybe, obvious, officially, perhaps, possibly, probably unfortunately 等。9. 关联副词，如：besides, furthermore, however, moreover, never the less, so, then, thus, therefore 等。副词在句中的位置特点 1. 表示时间或地点的副词一般放在句尾，并且，地点在前时间在后，地点和时间的内部，又按从小到大的顺序排列。强调时，它们也可放在句首。如：Will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗?He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha. 他住在长沙市湘春路75号。2. 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词或动词be之后。如：He sometimes goes there on business. 他有时到那里出差。He has never been late. 他从未迟到过。   I was never very good at maths. 我的数学从来不好。注：若为了强调，有时可钭频度副词放在句首，但值得注意的是，当never, seldom 等含有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子须部分倒装。如：Never have I read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。3. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后。如：The film was quite good. 那影片相当好。The lecture was fairly good. 报告相当不错。Its a rather sad story. 这是一个相当凄惨的故事。注：修饰动词的程度副词则通常放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：I dont like coffee very much. = I dont very much like coffee. 我不太喜欢喝咖啡。另外，enough修饰形容词或副词时，永远置于其后后。如：Will you be kind enough to shut the door? 可否劳驾把门关上?Its clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。4. 修饰动词的方式副词一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：We must learn to speak English fluently and correctly. 我们应当学讲流利正确的英语。They warmly welcomed me at their offices. 他们在办公室热烈欢迎了我。5. 由动词与副词一起所构成的短语动词带宾语时，若宾语是名词，则副词放在名词的前后都行；若宾语是代词，副词只能放在代词之后。如：I need a few days to think over your proposal. = I need a few days to think over your proposal. 我需要几天时间来考虑你的建议。I need a few days to think it over. 我需要几天时间来考虑它。(不能说 think over it)6. 地点副词做定语时，须放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：The people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。7. 修饰句子的副词一般放在句首。如：Frankly, I am not satisfied with it. 坦白说，我对此不满意。Luckily it was not so hot. 幸好那天不太热。Seriously I wish to work here. 说正经的，我愿意在这里工作。8. 疑问副词常放在句首构成疑问句。如：How did you enjoy your Christmas? 圣诞节过得如何?Why havent you been to see me all this time? 你为什么一直没来看我?9. 关系副词和连接副词一般放在从句的开头。如：I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。(连接副词引起宾语从句)These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。(关系副词引起定语从句)10. 方式副词、地点副词、时间副词等用在一起时，通常是方式副词在前，地点副词在中间，时间副词在最后。如：The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。注：对于run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave 等表示位置移动词的动词，修饰它们的多个副词通常按“地点副词 + 方式副词 + 时间副词”的规律排列。如：He went there happily yesterday. 他昨天高兴地去了那儿。much可修饰哪些词语 一、much修饰比较级修饰比较是副词much的常见用法，“much + 比较级”的意思是“更”“得多”。如：Its much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。It was much worse than I thought. 它比我想像的还要糟得多。We will be a much better football team next year. 明年我们将会成为一支更好的足球队。 二、much修饰最高级much修饰最高级应置于最高级前的定冠词之前，而不是之后。“much + the + 最高级”的意思是“最最”“绝对是最”。如：This is much the most difficult. 这是最最难的。Thats much the best plan. 那绝对是最好的计划。Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest. 这三个男孩中，尼克最最聪明。 三、much修饰形容词的原级much修饰形容词原级的情形主要见于那些由过去分词转化来的形容词。如：I was much annoyed. 我很不高兴。She wasnt much surprised. 她并不太惊讶。注：有个别非分词转化来的形容词有时也可用much修饰，但这种用法很有限，通常只见于good, different等少数几个形容词。如：I dont think this battery is much good. 我并不认为这种电池非常好。The new school isnt much different from the old one. 新学校与老学校区别不太大。 四、much修饰副词toomuch too 为习语，其中的much修饰副词too；much too可视为too的加强说法，其语气比单独用too更强。如：He spoke much too fast. 他说话说得太快了。This is much too heavy for you to lift. 这东西太重，你拿不起来。注意：much too与too much词序不同，用法也不同。从句法功能上看，much too的用法与too相同，但比too的语气更强；而too much在用法上则与much相同，但比much 语气更强。比较：He drives much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。The shoes are much too small for me. 这鞋子我穿太小了。There is too much rain. 雨水太多了。You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。 五、much修饰介词短语much主要用于修饰由like, in, to等少数介词所构成的介词短语。如：The baby doesnt look much like you. 这婴儿长得不大像你。Theyre very much in love with each other. 他们彼此在热恋中。Much to my surprise, she did it by herself. 让我极为惊讶的是，这竟然是她自己做的。 六、much修饰动词much修饰动词时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，一般不能用于肯定句中（除非前面有 very, too, so 等之类的修饰语）。如：正：She doesnt like him much. (用于否定句，故正确)正：She doesnt much like him. (用于否定句，故正确)正：Does she like him much? (用于疑问句，故正确)正：Does she much like him? (用于疑问句，故正确)正：She likes him very too, so much. (其前有修饰语，故正确)注意以下误句：误：She likes him much. / She much likes him. (因为它用于肯定句，且其前没有修饰语，故不正确)但是，不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词，但这通常只限于admire, affect, appreciate, dislike, enjoy, look forward to, prefer, regret等少数动词，且much通常只能放在句中，不放在句末。如：We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。We would much prefer to be given money. 我们还是更喜欢有人给我们钱。These factors have much affected the building of nuclear plants. 这些因素极大地影响了核电站的建立。 七、much修饰asmuch as 可视为习语，其意为“虽然”，用法与though相似。如：Much as Id like to help, there isnt a lot I can do. 尽管我愿意帮忙，却没有很多事我能做。Much as he admired her looks and her manners，he had no wish to marry her. 虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态，他却无心和她结婚。 八、much修饰the samemuch 修饰the same，从表面上是加强了the same的语气，但实际上是缓和了其语气，其意为“情况大致相同”“几乎差不多”“没什么变化”。如：The patient is much the same this morning. 今天早上病人情况几乎没什么变化。Whichever method you use, the result is much the same. 不论你用哪一种方法，结果都差不多。They eat much the same thing for breakfast every day. 他们每天吃的早餐几乎都一样。学科网（北京）股份有限公司