初中英语语法词汇学习：常考易错动词用法归纳2.docx

初中英语语法词汇学习：常考易错动词用法归纳2practice,practise的用法与搭配practise在美国英语中也可拼作 practice(它在英国英语中为名词)，使用时注意以下几点:1.表示“练习”，可用作及物或不及物动词。如:The more you practise the better you get.你练得越多，效果越好。He has very few opportunities to practise her English.他很少有机会练习英语。在类似下面这样的句子中，省略其中的介词，pratise 即为及物动词:She practise (on.upon.at)the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。2.表示练习做某事，其后只能接动名词(即用于 practise doing sth)，不能接不定式。如:Practise throwing the ball into the net.练习投篮。You must practise speaking English more. 你应更多地练习讲英语。表示“实行”，其后也接动名词作宦语而不接不定式(即用干 practise doing sth)，此时大意为“经常做某事”。如:He advised me to practise getting up early. 他劝我早起。He practices taking a walk after supper. 他晚饭后常去散步。动词buy的四点小用法1.用作动词，表示“买”，可带双宾语;若双宾易位，通常要用介词 for。如:我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。 My uncle bought me an English dictionary正:My uncle bought an English dictionary for me2.表示向某人买某物，通常用介词 from。如:He bought this watch from a friend.他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。3.表示用多少钱买某物，通常用介词 for。如 :I bought the computer for $600. 我花600美元买了这台电脑。He bought it for very little money. 他买它只花了一点点钱。注:有时也用介词 at,侧重指价格。如:He bought them for at 10p each.他以每个10 便士的价格买下了它们。4.是终止性动词，因此在肯定句中不宜与一段时间连用。如:这房子我已买了十年。I bought this house ten years ago.:I have had this house for ten years.It's ten years since I bought this house误: I have bought this house for ten years.动词believe的用法与搭配1. 后接否定的宾语从句时，通常将否定转移到主句上。如：I dont believe shes at home. 我看她不在家。I dont believe you need worry. 我想你不必忧虑。2. 在简略答语中，一般不单独用believe，而是根据句意的肯定和否定使用I believe so. 或I dont believe so. / I believe not. 如：A：Do you think he will come? 你认为他会来吗？B：No, I dont believe so. I believe not. 我想不会。3. 可接不定式的复合结构作宾语，但其中的不定式通常为 to be型，若为实义动词，则通常为完成式。如：They believed him (to be) mistaken.=They believed that he was mistaken. 他们认为他错了。I believe him to have arrived safely. 我相信他已平安到达。4. believe in是一个很常用的短语，主要用法如下：(1) 信仰（宗教或神等）。如：He believes in God. 他信仰上帝。(2) 相信的存在。如：Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗？(3) 信任，信赖。如：Nobody believes in him. 没有人信任他。比较 believe sb 和 believe in sb：前者指相信某人的话(=believe what one says)；后者指信任某人的为人(=trust sb)。如：I can believe him, but I cannot believe in him. 我相信他说的话，但不相信他的为人。(4) 相信的真实性。如：Do you believe in everything the Bible says? 你相信圣经中的每句话?5. believe in doing sth 相信做某事有好处。如：He believes in getting plenty of exercise. 他相信多做运动必有好处。They believe in letting children make their own mistakes. 他们相信让孩子们自己出错有好处。6. believe it or not为惯用表达，其意为“信不信由你”。如：Believe it or not, they got married soon. 信不信由你，他们不久就结婚了。Believe it or not, hes given me a loan. 信不信由你, 他已把钱借给我。动词bear表示两类意思的两类用法注意 1. 表示“忍受”，用于cant bear，后接动词时可用不定式或动名词。如：I cant bear to see seeing people suffering. 我不忍看人受折磨。He cant bear to be being laughed at. 他禁不住拿他取笑。若语义需要，不定式和动名词前还可带有自己的逻辑主语。如：I cant bear you to shout in that way. 我不能容忍你那样喊叫。I cant bear you your shouting in that way. 我不能容忍你那样喊叫。2. 表示“生（子)”，其过去分词有两种形式：born 和 borne。其区别为：表示人的出生或用于名词作定语，用born；表示“生育”或用于完成时态以及用于带 by 短语的被动语态等，均用borne。如：He was born to of wealthy parents. 他出生于有钱人家。She has the natural grace of a born dancer. 她生来具有舞蹈家的优雅风度。My mother has borne three children. 我妈妈生了3个小孩。Diana was borne by the queen. 黛安娜是皇后生的。当然，用于其他意义时，其过去分词只能用 borne。如：The cost will be borne by our company. 费用将我们公司承担。There is one other point to be borne in mind. 还有另外一类要记在心里。His story was borne out by later information. 他讲的情况都被后来的情报证明。使用avoid的两类错点 错点一  表示“避免”“回避”“躲避”，本身为及物动词，后接宾语不要想当然误加介词，如：我想她是在躲着我。正：I think she is avoiding me.误：I think she is avoiding from me.又如：Always avoid such a girl. 对这样的女孩子要避而远之。I was poor, but I avoided debt. 我穷是穷，但还不至于借债。He tried to avoid the bump in the road. 他试图避开路面上隆起的地方。Even if you avoid the problems, they still exist. 即使你避开这些问题，它们依然存在。To avoid confusion, the teams wore different clothes. 为了避免混淆，各队穿了不同颜色的衣服。错点二  后接动词时要用动名词，不能用不定式。如：You should avoid mentioning his divorce. 你要避免提及他离婚的事。He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免我们认出他。She avoids walking on dark streets at night. 她避免夜间在黑暗的街道上走路。Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. 他所谓生病只不过是避免见他的花招而已。有时动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语。如：They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他们建了一堵幸墙防止土壤流失。disappear的用法与搭配1. 表示“消失”，是不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。如：他的怒气一会儿就消了。误：His anger was soon disappeared.正：His anger soon disappeared.2. 通常不与副词 away 连用，以免用词重复。如：误：Soon the children disappeared away.正：Soon the children disappeared.若要表示“消失在”，其后可接 into, around, behind等介词。如：He disappeared into the dark. 他消失在黑暗中。He disappeared around the corner. 他绕过拐角就不见了。The plane disappeared behind a cloud. 火机飞入云中不见了。determine的用法与搭配1. 表示“决心”“决定”，是及物动词，其后可接：(1) 名词或代词。如：Well have to determine a date for the meeting. 我们得确定会议日期。The exam results could determine your career. 考试成绩可能会决定你的前途。(2) 不定式。如：He determined to travel no further that night. 他决定那天晚上不再往前走了。有时不定式前可用连接代词（副词）。如：I havent determined what to do next. 下一步干什么我还没决定。其后不能直接跟动名词，但加了介词on后则可以。如：I determined on going abroad. 我决定出国。determine on后还可接名词。如：I determined on an early start. 我决定早点出发。(3) 不定式的复合结构。如：What determined her to marry him? 是什么使她下定决心要嫁给他?使某人决定或下决心不做某事，可以用determine sb not to do sth，也可用determine sb against doing sth。如：That determined her not to leave against leaving home. 那件事使她决定不离开家了。(4) 从句。如：He determined that he would go at once. 他决定马上就去。We havent determined who will go with them. 我们还没有作出决定让谁同他们一起去。后接that从句时，从句谓语可用陈述语气或虚拟语气，区别为：强调事实，用陈述语气；强调愿望，用虚拟语气。如：She determined that she (should) never see him again. 她决心再也不要见他。They determined that they will go there themselves. 他们决定亲自去那里。2. 用于 be determined+不定式或从句。如：I am determined to go and nothing will stop me. 我已决定要去，什么也阻止不了我。My mother is determined that I shall should marry the singer. 我母亲决意要我嫁给这位歌手。比较下面两句在含义上的差别：I have determined to go abroad. 我已决定出国。I am determined to go abroad. 我已下定决心要出国。在前一句里，determine 是界限动词，强调一时的动作；在第二句里，determined 用作形容词，说明的是一种状态，即一种坚定不移的决心。describe的用法与搭配 表示“描述”，通常只用作及物动词，用法注意：1. 除接名词作宾语外，还通常接 wh-从句。如：Words cant describe her beauty. 言语无法形容她的美丽。Its difficult to describe how I feel. 很难描述我的感受。Please describe what you have seen. 请描述一下你看到的情况。2. 其后不能接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语。如：Can you describe it to for me? 你能把它描述给我听吗?Can you describe your son to me? 你能向我描述一下你儿子吗?3. describeas的意思是“把描述是”“把说成是”，其中的as习惯上不宜换成to be。如：She described him as shy. 她说他很害羞。He describes himself as an artist. 他自称是艺术家。He was described as (being) very clever. 据说他很聪明。4. 在现代英语中，其后可接动名词。如：These verbs describe holding things tightly. 这些动词描述紧握某物。He described finding his mother lying on the floor. 他描述说发现他母亲躺在地板上。depend的用法与搭配 主要意思为“依靠”“依赖”“取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有：1. depend on upon+某人或某物I knew I could depend on you. 我知道我可以相信你。She is a woman who can be depended on. 她是个可以信赖的人。有时可在某人或某物后用介词 for，表示依靠某人或某物提供某物。如：We depend on the radio for news. 我们靠收音机听新闻。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。2. depend on upon+某人或某物+不定式或动名词You may depend on me to be there early. 你放心，我会早到的。You cant depend on the train arriving on time. 千万不要认为火车能正点到达。有时动名词前可以不用宾语代词，而用物主代词。如：I depend on your coming at seven oclock. 我指靠你7点钟来。You can never depend on him his arriving on time. 你决不能指望他能准时到达。3. depend on upon+从句The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。Their future depends on how well they do in these exams. 他们的前途取决于他们在这些考试中成绩的好坏。这类句型中的介词on, upon 有时可省略（尤其是在口语中）。如：It all depends how you do it. 那要看你怎么办。It depends (on) whether you can afford it. 这要看你是否买得起。注意，depend on upon 后不接 that-从句；遇此情况应借助形式宾语 it。如：You may depend upon it (that) they are valuable. 你可以放心它们是很珍贵的。You may depend upon it that we shall never lose heart. 你放心我们绝不会灰心。4. 口语中说 It (all) depends或That depends，其意为“那要看情况”。如：A：Are you going too? 你也去吗?B：That depends. 那要看情况。I want to leave early but it all depends. 我想早点离开，但那要看情况。学科网（北京）股份有限公司