中考英语宾语从句讲义及练习.docx

宾语从句：定义：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。基本形式：主句 关联词（关系词）+ 从句（主语+谓语.） 关于宾语从句关系词的选择：1）若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,关系词用that,that 没有任何词汇意义，不用翻译出来多数情况下that可以省略;2）若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,关系词则用if 或whether（是否）;3）若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,关系词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)宾语从句要注意的时态和语序：1） 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态。 I hope(that) everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利。2） 主句是一般过去时，从句使用过去的相应时态。 She didnt know why he was late again. 她不知道他为啥又晚了。3） 从句表示的是客观现实、自然规律、名言警句、真理等，不管主句的时态如何，从句一律使用一般现在时。 We didnt realize (that) the moon goes round the earth. 我们以前没有意识到月球绕着地球。4） 从句一律使用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语形式”5） 宾语从句的否定转移：当主语的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等词，且主句主语是第一人称时，若后面的从句要表示否定概念，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中。 I dont believe they will come here. 我不相信他们会来这。 1. 以that 引导的宾语从句：当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如hope, say, know, believe, expect, wish, think等词时，后面的句子一般用that引导，that没有词汇意义，通常可以省略。 例：I hope(that) you can understand me. 你希望你能理解我。 I dont think (that) she will come here next week. 我不认为她下周会来这。练习：1） Do you believe that humans could live on Mars（火星）？ - I dont think_.A. if it comes true. C. that it will come trueB. why it will come true D. how does it come true2) My mother said_ the next week.A. she will have a picnic with me C. will she have a picnic with meB. she would have a picnic with me D. would she have a picnic with me3) My grandmother said that _.A. they are very poor at that time. C. they will be very poor at that timeB. they were very poor at that time D. they are going to be poor at that time4) -Do you think Grandpa and Grandma_ late? - No, the train is usually on time.A. were B. will be C. was D. have been5) We all believe _ we can travel to the moon some day.A. that B. if C. this D. or2. If/whether引导的宾语从句：当一般疑问句充当句中的宾语时，一般由if或whether引导，两个词意思为“是否”，不可省略。1） 通常情况下，两词可以互相代替，作用、意思相同。2） 只能用whether,不能用if的情况A. 在whether .or not结构中，只能用whether,不能用if Please tell me whether you have finished your work or not. 请告诉我你有没有完成作业。B. 当宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether,不能用if Whether you like English, I want to know. 我想知道你是否喜欢英语。C. 从句做介词的宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if They are talking about whether the Chinese team will win the game.他们在谈论中国队是否能赢得这场比赛。3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句：当特殊疑问句充当句中的宾语时，由原来的疑问词what, who, which, where, when, how, why等作为连接词，这些词在句子中充当一定的句子成分，都有各自的词义，不可省略。在宾语从句中，后面的从句一定是陈述句语序。Tell your mother what you want to do. 告诉你妈妈你想做什么。I dont understand why my parents ideas were different from mine. 我不理解我父母的意见为什么和我的不一样。Could you tell me where you bought your dress？ 你能告诉我在哪买的你的裙子吗？注意：有些特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序，在宾语从句中不用调整语序，如Which is the way to the nearest shop?/ Whats wrong with you?/ Whats up?/ Whats the matter?等练习：1) -Do you know _ yesterday?-Yes. He went for the boat race.A. why didnt Peter go to school C. why doesnt Peter go to schoolB. why Peter didnt go to school D. why Peter doesnt go to school2) -Bill, what did the teacher say to you? -She asked me_.A. how would I solve the problem C. whether I was ready for the taskB. why I look excited D. what time did I get home3) -Excuse me, how long will you get to the post office?-Well, it depends on_.A. how you will get there C. when you will get thereB. Where you will get D. how will you get there4) I want to know_A. whom is she looking after C.whom is she looking B. whom she is looking D.whom she is looking after5) I don't know if he_ tomorrow. If he _，I'll tell you.A.comes, comes B.will come, will come C. will come, comes D. comes, will come6) -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? - Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroad C. how soon will he be backB. why he is going abroad D. how long he will stay abroad学科网（北京）股份有限公司