Unit2 SectionA 知识点-人教版英语八年级下册.pptx

Unit2.Unit2.Unit2.Unit2.Ill help to clean up Ill help to clean up Ill help to clean up Ill help to clean up the city parks.the city parks.the city parks.the city parks.SectionASectionASectionASectionA知识点知识点知识点知识点 You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。你可以帮助打扫城市公园。(1)could 情态动词情态动词可以 其后接动词原形，用于提出建议或表示允许,语气比 can 委婉。You could take a break.你可以休息一下。能 表示过去的能力时,是 can 的过去式。He could swim when he was five years old.他5岁时就会游泳。(2)cleanup 打扫打扫(或清除或清除)干净干净是“动词+副词”结构,名词作宾语时,可放在动词和副词之间,也可放在副词之后;人称代词作宾语时,要放在动词和副词之间。He often helps his parents clean up their room on weekends.他周末经常帮助父母打扫房间。Your room is dirty.You should clean it up.你的房间脏了。你应该把它打扫干净。拓展clean-up名词打扫;清洁We must give our classroom a good clean-up.我们必须把教室好好打扫一下。中考链接中考链接 Some volunteers are going to_ the central park.Lets join them.A.putup B.clean up C.lookup D.give up解析:我们可用“短语辨析法”解答本题。put up 意为“张贴;举起;搭建”;clean up 意为“打扫;清扫”;look up 意为“查阅;抬头看”;give up 意为“放弃”。由空格后的 the central park(中央公园)可知此处表示“打扫中央公园”，故选 B。The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.这个女孩可以看望生病住院的孩子们以使他们高兴起来。这个女孩可以看望生病住院的孩子们以使他们高兴起来。cheer up(使使)变得更高兴变得更高兴;振奋起来振奋起来是“动词+副词”结构。cheer up 可有宾语,也可无宾语。人称代词作宾语时,必须放在 cheer 与 up 之间。He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.当我同意帮助他时,他马上高兴起来了。He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.为了让她高兴，他带她去了电影院。The boy could give out food at the food bank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。give out 分发;散发相当于 hand out,是“动词+副词”结构。Well give/hand out leaflets at the supermarket after school.放学后我们将在超市散发传单。发出(光、热、声音、气味等)The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发出光和热。用完,耗尽Our supplies are giving out.我们的补给要用完了。The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.这个女孩可以自愿参加课外学习项目来教孩子。volunteer 不及物动词自愿做;义务做后常跟介词 in,for 等。Volunteering makes you look at the world differ ently.志愿服务使你对世界的看法不同。They volunteer for the work in the club.他们自愿在俱乐部里参加这项工作。及物动词自愿做;义务做 volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after the party.聚会结束后,珍妮自愿打扫房间。可数名词志愿者I want to be a volunteer in the city.我想当一名城市志愿者。We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于城市公园大扫除我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于城市公园大扫除的事。的事。come up with 想出想出;提出提出(主意、计划、回答等主意、计划、回答等)相当于相当于 think up。Cant you come up with a better idea?难道你想不出一个更好的主意了吗?拓展come 的其他常用短语有:come over 过来;顺便来访;拜访 come out 出来;开花;(书等)出版come in 进来 come on 快点儿;加油 come up 走近;走上前来 come down 下来 come from 来自 come true 实现 We cant put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制订计划。我们不能推迟制订计划。put off 推迟 是“动词+副词”结构,其后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语。put off doing sth.推迟做某事They put offthe match because of the heavy rain.因为大雨,他们推迟了比赛。Please dont put off doing your homework.请你们不要拖着不做作业。拓展拓展put 的常用短语还有:put up张贴;搭建;举起put back 放回原处;把(钟)拨慢 put ones heart into 全神贯注于puton 穿上;上演;发胖 put out 熄灭 put away 收起来;放好 put down 放下中考中考链接链接-Bob,you have to finish your school project:today.-Dont worry,Mum.I wont_todays work till tomorrow.A.put off B.take off C.give up D.set up解析:put off“推迟”;take off“脱下，起飞”up“放弃”;set up“建立”。由上文句意“鲍;give勃,你今天必须完成学校的课题”及答语前句句意“别担心,妈妈”可知空格所在句意为“我不会把今天的作业推到明天”。故选 put off。Lets make some notices,too.咱们也制作一些布告吧。咱们也制作一些布告吧。notice可数名词通知;通告;布告 There is a notice on the wall,saying“No Parking”.墙上有一张告示,上面写着“禁止停车”。Ill put up a notice about the meet-ing.我将张贴一张关于这次会议的通知。不可数名词注意nt take any notice of what you read in the newspaper.别在意你在报纸上看到的东西。动词注意到;意识到 其常见用法有:a.notice sb.do/doing sth.注意到某人做了/正在做某事I noticed Jim get into the teachers office.我注意到吉姆进了老师的办公室。I noticed some students getting off the bus when I walked past the school.我路过学校的时候,注意到有些学生正在下车。b.notice+that 从句 注意到She noticed that the old man had trouble breathing.她注意到那位老人呼吸困难。We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.我们可以每个人给我们可以每个人给 10 个学生打电话个学生打电话,并让他们过来。并让他们过来。call up 打电话给;征召 为“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作宾语时必须放在两词中间。When you come up with a plan,please call me up.当你拟订好计划时,请打电话给我。He was called up three months after the war broke out.战争爆发三个月后他应征入伍。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。used to 在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法讲时,used to常与 be,have,live,stay,like,love等词连用,表示“曾;曾经”He used to be a climber.他曾是一名登山者。I used to live in Hangzhou.我曾住在杭州。拓展 used to do sth.过去常常做某事(但现在不那样做了)We used to take risks when we were children.我们是孩子的时候经常冒险。注意:used to 的否定结构通常是 didnt use to;在英式英语中也常用 used not to(缩写形式为 usednt to)。You didnt use to eat chips when you were young.你小时候不吃炸薯条。He used not to smoke.他过去并不吸烟。be/get used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事My parents are used to living in the city.我父母习惯了生活在城市里。be used to do sth.(=be used for doing sth.)被用来做某事(动词不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态)Teapots are used to make tea.茶壶是用来泡茶的。中考链接中考链接-Mv father _to his workplace by bus,but now he there by bike.-Really?You have an environmentally-friendly father.A.used to go;is used to go B.used to going;is used to go C.is used to go;is used to going D.used to go;is used to going解析:used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”;be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。由句中的 but now(但是现在)可知第一个答题空所在句子表示过去的事情，即“我”父亲过去常常乘公共汽车去工作场所，应用 used to do sth.;第二个答题空所在句句意为“但是现在他习惯于骑自行车去那儿”，应用 be used to doing sth.。故选D。Yeah,a lot of old people are lonely.是呀，许多老人都很孤独。lonely 形容词孤独的;寂寞的指心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩。He felt very lonely without his friends.没有了朋友他感到非常孤独。偏僻的;人迹罕至的 仅在名词前作定语。The cabin was built in a lonely spot.这个小屋建在一处偏僻的地方。We should listen to them and care for them.我们应该倾听他们我们应该倾听他们,照顾他们。照顾他们。care for 照顾;照料其同义短语为 look after 或 take care of。Thanks a lot for caring for me when I was sick last week.非常感谢上周我生病时你照顾我。非常喜欢 通常用于否定句或疑问句中。I dont care for basketball.我不喜欢篮球。拓展拓展 care about 关心;在意We should care about the lonely old people.我们应该关心那些孤独的老人。give up several hours each week to help others.每周都腾出几个小时的时间去帮助他人。每周都腾出几个小时的时间去帮助他人。(1)several 形容词几个;数个;一些,修饰可数名词复数。Several years later,the dancing group came to her town again.几年后,舞蹈团又来到她的城镇。代词几个;数个Several of us went there.我们中的几个去了那里。(2)辨析辨析:each与与every两者均可表示两者均可表示“每一每一,每个每个”,但用法不同。但用法不同。Each school has its own library.每一所学校都有自己的图书馆。每一所学校都有自己的图书馆。He gave two to each.他给了每人两个。他给了每人两个。Every child was dressed in a costume.所有孩子都穿了演出服。所有孩子都穿了演出服。each形容形容词 强调个性个性,着眼于整体中的个着眼于整体中的个 体体,用作代用作代词时可与可与 of连用用代词every形容词强调共性,着眼于整体,不能与 of连用注意注意 each 不能与 almost,nearly 及 not 搭配使用,而 every 可以Almost every window was broken.几乎每扇窗户都破了。Not every student went on holiday.并非每个学生都去度假了。each 不能用于否定句,在否定句中应用 none.None of the books are mine.没有一本书是我的。.but l want to learn more about how to care for animals.但是我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。但是我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。疑问词疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式 how to care for animals 是是“疑问词疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式”结构结构,在句中作宾语。在句中作宾语。英语中疑问代词 what,who,which 和疑问副词where,when,why,how 等后面接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start is the key problem.何时出发是关键问题。I didnt decide where to live.我没有决定住在哪儿。The difficulty is how to do more work with less money.困难在于如何用更少的钱办更多的事。注意注意“疑问词疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式”结构常用结构常用 于于 tell,know,show,learn,teach,explain 等后作宾语等后作宾语,此此时该结构相当于一个宾语从句。它所表示的动作通常是时该结构相当于一个宾语从句。它所表示的动作通常是未发生的动作未发生的动作,所以在转换成宾语从句时所以在转换成宾语从句时,通常加情态动通常加情态动词或用将来时态。词或用将来时态。He didnt know what to say.=He didnt know what he should say.他不知道该说什么。Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!