佛教在中国发展情况.ppt

佛教在中国发展情况一、Introduction of Buddhism in China二、Status of Chinese Buddhism三、Most Famous Temples and Monasteries in China四、The Most Famous Buddhist Grottoes in China五、Top Buddha Statue in ChinaContents中国佛教包容了三大体系：中国佛教包容了三大体系：北传佛教北传佛教（大乘佛教）（大乘佛教）（大乘佛教）（大乘佛教）MahayanaMahayanaMahayanaMahayana 南传佛教南传佛教（小乘佛教）（小乘佛教）（小乘佛教）（小乘佛教）HinayanaHinayanaHinayanaHinayana 藏传佛教藏传佛教 全面继承了印度三个时期的佛教。全面继承了印度三个时期的佛教。China Buddhism has been formed eight schools now.禅宗禅宗三论宗三论宗天台宗天台宗华严宗华严宗净土宗净土宗律宗律宗法相宗法相宗密宗密宗How did Buddhism come to China?Buddhism was firstly introduced into the region inhabited by the Han people around the 1st century.It is said that in the year 2BC,Yi Cun,an emissary of Dayuezhi Kingdom,went to Changan(todays Xian City)to impact Buddist sutras to a Chineses Doctor Jing Lu.And this is the first record about the introduction of Buddhism into China.There is another saying that during the reign of the Indian King Asoka(272-226 BC),18 Indians visited Chinas Xianyang City during the reign of Emperor Qin Shihuang.In the year 250BC,King Asoka convoked the third conference and,after the conference,Dade was sent to spread Buddhism to other countries including China.二、Status of Chinese Buddhism The feature of Chinese Buddhism lies in the coexistence of Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism as well as the concomitance of Exoteric and Esoteric Buddhism.Indian Buddhists were threatened by the values and socio-political structures of the Indian society The Indian society dominated by Hinduism and Islam.Buddhism vanished between 9th century and 10th century in Ind.Buddhism were developed rapidly in China During the Wei and Jin Dynasties(220-420)the influence of Buddhism spread widely.During the Southern and Northern Dynasties(420-589)the ruling classes further helped the spread of Buddhism by building temples and monasteries,translating Buddhist sutras and constructing grottoes,and many famous monks,scholars and teachers emerged.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907),Buddhism reached its apex of popularity and splendors,and different sects of Buddhism had been formed in China.佛教在中国的传播汉语系佛教在中国的汉语系佛教在中国的3个发展阶段个发展阶段 两汉之际、魏晋、南北朝时期为译传阶段。中国先后译出大量的佛教经典，研究佛教的风气成为一时之盛 隋唐两代是中国佛教的创造阶段和鼎盛时期。中国僧人分别以一定的印度佛教经典为依据，开宗立派，创构了自己的理论体系 宋元明清四朝中国佛教处于融合阶段。佛教在这900年间空前广泛、深入地与中国的文化全面结合。精英佛教停滞衰退，而大众佛教取得长足发展译传阶段译传阶段创造阶段创造阶段融合阶段融合阶段 Over a long period,Buddhism gradually took root in the feudal society of China,intermingling with Confucian and Taoist thought.It had a strong popular appeal and its ideas made a notable impact on Chinese philosophy,literature and art.三、Most Famous Temples and Monasteries in ChinaChinese temples and monasteries are well kept cultural artifacts of every dynasty.China has innumerable temples and monasteries,among which the followings got the greatest reputation.White Horse Temple Located east of Luoyang,White Horse Temple is nested between the Luo River and Mang Hill.During the Eastern Han Dynasty,the emperor dispatched several monks to India for the sake of obtaining Buddhist scriptures.The Cradle of Buddhism in China A historic site with more than 1,900 years.It is well-preserved.Xiangguo Monastery Xiangguo Monastery was originally built in 555 AD during the Northern Qi Dynasty;it has a history of over 1,400 years.In the Northern Song Dynasty,the monastery was enlarged many times and became the largest monastery and the national Buddhist center at that time.At present,the existing structures of the monastery are the Grand Hall,the Octagonal Hall,the east and west chambers,and other buildings holding Buddhist sutras.Shaolin Temple First built in 495 A.D.,Shaolin Temple is famous for Chinese Kung Fu or Martial Arts.Famen Temple 心经观自在菩萨 行深般若菠萝蜜多时 照见五蕴皆空 度一切苦厄 舍利子，色不异空 空不异色 色即是空，空即是色 受想行识，亦复如是。舍利子，是诸法空相 不生不灭，不垢不净，不增不减 是故空中无色 无受想行识 无眼耳鼻舌身意 无色声香味触法 无眼界，乃至无意识界 无无明，亦无无明尽 乃至无老死 亦无老死尽 无苦集灭道 无智亦无所得 以无所得故 菩提萨埵 依般若菠萝蜜多故 心无挂碍 无挂碍故 无有恐怖 远离颠倒梦想 究竟涅盘 三世诸佛 依般若菠萝蜜多故 得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提 故知般若菠萝蜜多 是大神咒 是大明咒 是无上咒 是无等等咒 能除一切苦 真实不虚 故说般若菠萝蜜多咒 即说咒曰 揭谛揭谛 波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛菩提萨婆诃 Famen Temple is famous for discoverying the fingers bones of Sakyamuni.8 emperors of the Tang Dynasty once welcomed the finger bones of Buddha to the palace They donated a large number of treasures to the underground palace of the temple.四、The Most Famous Buddhist Grottoes in China These Buddhist grottoes are outdoor art museums with fabulous frescos and statues.They represent an important chapter in China cultural and religious history.Yungang Grottoes The UNESCOs World Cultural Heritage List.The best preserved sites in China with 53 caves containing over 51,000 stone carvings of Buddha and Buddhist.16 km southwest of the city of Datong in Shanxi province.Mainly constructed between 460-525 AD during the Northern Wei dynasty.Represent exceptional feat of Buddhist cave art in China in the 5th and 6th century.Construction of the Yungang Grottoes was mainly financed by royal families and noble families,and the imposing manner and elaborate carvings of these Buddha images incorporate the artistic styles of China,India,Persia and other countries.点击添加文字内容Longmen Grottoes The Longmen Grottoes are located 12km south of present day Luoyang.After 1,500 years,it is still magnificent.Its rich content reflects from different aspects,the development and changes in ancient Chinas politics,economy,religion and culture.It has contributed tremendously to the creation and development of Chinese grotto art.五、Top Buddha Statue in China China is a country with profound Buddhism Culture.At ancient China,people of all different social rankings accepted Buddhism.Leshan Giant Buddha The tallest stone Buddha statue in the world,which was carved out of a cliff.The site was listed on the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1996.It was the idea of a Chinese monk named Haitong,who hoped that the Buddha would calm the turbulent waters that plagued the shipping vessels travelling down the river.The rock and mud excavated from the mountain exposing the Buddha filled up the riverbed,creating a more favorable flow of water.Consequently the river did become calmer.The statue depicts a seated Maitreya Buddha with his hands resting on his knees.He has been lovingly maintained on a regular basis throughout his 1,200-year history.Several drainage passages are hidden in the Buddhas hair,collar,chest,and holes in the back of his ears and chest,preventing the Buddha from serious erosion and weathering.此此课件下件下载可自行可自行编辑修改，修改，仅供参考！供参考！感感谢您的支持，我您的支持，我们努力做得更好！努力做得更好！谢谢!