英语语言学——重音.pptx

会计学1英语语言学英语语言学重音重音refers to refers to relative emphasis or prominencerelative emphasis or prominence（突出）（突出）given to a syllablegiven to a syllable（音节）（音节）in a word,or to a in a word,or to a word in a phrase or sentenceword in a phrase or sentence Stress：第1页/共15页n n1 1、word stressword stressn n2 2、sentence stresssentence stressTwo kinds of stress：第2页/共15页The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning.For example,a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged.如:contract,abstract,permit 这三个词的重音都放在第一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要，许可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时，则变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。Word stress第3页/共15页uuThe noun and the verb:The noun and the verb:The noun has the stress on the first syllableThe noun has the stress on the first syllable(音节音节).).The verb has the stress on the second syllable.The verb has the stress on the second syllable.For example:import(n.)-import(v.)For example:import(n.)-import(v.)increase(n.)-increase(v.)increase(n.)-increase(v.)第4页/共15页uuA compound noun and a phrase 由两个或两个以上的单词构成，能表达一个新意思的词叫复合词。如：good-hearted(好心的),baby-sit(临时照料小孩)等。1.复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上。如：handbag2.复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：ill-treat/illtri:t/虐待。第5页/共15页n n3.3.复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：如：green-eyed green-eyed/gri:naid/gri:naid/嫉妒的嫉妒的 ;n n4 4.反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如：如：myself/maiself/myself/maiself/我自己我自己 ;第6页/共15页uuThe combinations of ing forms and nounsThe combinations of ing forms and nounsn n复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上,而次重音在第而次重音在第二个构成成分上。二个构成成分上。n n这一点可以帮助我们用来区分两种这一点可以帮助我们用来区分两种-ing-ing的形式的形式,一种是一种是作为名词前修饰语的作为名词前修饰语的-ing-ing形式形式,另一种是作为复合词的另一种是作为复合词的前一部分。如前一部分。如running dog running dog 重音在重音在runningrunning上上,表示表示“走狗走狗”这一这一-ing-ing形式形式+名词的复合词。如重音在名词的复合词。如重音在dogdog上上,则表则表示示runningrunning用来修饰用来修饰dog,dog,意为意为“还在跑的狗还在跑的狗”。第7页/共15页n nSentence stress refers to the relative force given to the components of a sentence.n nIt can help you to understand spoken English,even rapid spoken English.Sentence stress第8页/共15页n nNounn nMain verbn nAdjectiven nAdverbs n nNumerals（数词）n nDemonstrative pronouns（指示代词）Normally stressed in an English sentence：第9页/共15页n nAn elephant is an animal.n nHer shirt is blue and white.n nJohnisnine.n nMysecondbrotherisadoctor.n nMarylovesherdolls.n nspeaksEnglishslowlyandcarefully.Examples 第10页/共15页n nArticles（冠词）n nPerson pronouns（人称代词）n nAuxiliary verbs（助动词）n nPrepositions（介词）n nConjunctions（连词）Usually not stressed第11页/共15页n nTo give special emphasis to a sentence that is To give special emphasis to a sentence that is usually unstressed can be stressed.usually unstressed can be stressed.n n语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象，根据说语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象，根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。读的词。第12页/共15页n nWeWe heardheard MaryMary singingsingingupstairs.upstairs.n n(plain(plain statementstatement ofof fact)fact)n nWeWe heardheard MaryMary singingsinging upstairs.upstairs.n n(But(But wewe didntdidnt seesee her.)her.)n nWeWe heardheard MaryMary singingsinging upstairs.upstairs.n n(But(But wewe didntdidnt hearhear John.)John.)n nWeWe heardheard MaryMary singingsinging upstairs.upstairs.n n(But(But wewe didntdidnt hearhear MaryMary talking.)talking.)n nWeWe heardheard MaryMary singingsinging upstairsupstairs.n n(But(But wewe didntdidnt hearhear MaryMary singingsinging downstairs.)downstairs.)n nWeWe heardheard MaryMary singingsinging upstairs.upstairs.n n(Not(Not theythey heard.)heard.)Example 第13页/共15页Thank youThank you第14页/共15页